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Results for “Radioallergosorbent Test”

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PubMed1979

Evaluation of bee sting allergy by skin tests and serum antibody assays.

We studied 55 subjects who had had anaphylactic reactions to bee stings within the previous 3 years. 38 out of 54 tested had IgE antibody to honey bee venom (HBV) as measured by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). On skin testing, 30 out of 34 had a positive test to HBV. Of these, 26 had a positive RAST. A positive skin test to HBV at high dilution or else a high anti-HBV RAST score appeared to identify those who, in a 6-month follow-up period, were at risk of developing further anaphylaxis following bee stings or immunotherapy. Of the two tests, RAST appeared to be the less sensitive. Measurements of IgG antibody to phospholipase A were seldom available for the period immediately preceding an anaphylactic episode and proved to be a poor means of predicting the liability to bee sting anaphylaxis in subsequent months.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1985

Allergy to guinea pigs: I. Allergenic activities of extracts derived from the pelt, saliva, urine and other sources.

Guinea pig-sensitive patients with asthma and rhinitis were skin test positive to extracts of several materials derived from guinea pigs. A radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was developed to measure serum IgE specific for the dander, urine, saliva and also for dust from the air-vent filters of a room housing guinea pigs. A strong correlation was found between positive skin test reactions, and raised serum IgE to these extracts. Furthermore, the relative allergenic potency of extracts was similar when determined by skin-prick testing and by inhibition of the RAST to guinea pig dust. Non-guinea pig-derived extracts such as the hay, sawdust and diet had negligible activity in skin testing and RAST inhibition; and preparations of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, house dust and rat dust did not inhibit the RAST for guinea pig room dust. The guinea pig dust, dander, fur, urine and saliva were the more potent extracts; while whole pelt, faeces and serum were considerably less active. Extracts from different sexes were not appreciably different in potency. The results of skin testing, RAST and RAST inhibition suggest cross-allergenicity between the various extracts. Although material shed from the pelt may have been derived from saliva, or even urine, allergenic activities of urinary and salivary preparations were found to be less than those of the dander, fur or dust. This suggests that allergens have become concentrated on the pelt.

Allergens↗

PubMed1977

Correlation between skin tests, inhalation tests and specific IgE in a study of 120 subjects allergic to house dust and Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus.

The radioallergosorbent test was compared with currently accepted allergy diagnostic techniques in seventy-four controls and 120 patients with a clinical history of allergy to house dust and Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus. The results obtained with D. pteronyssinus allergen extract show a close correlation between the size of the cutaneous reactions and the serum level of allegen-specific IgE. On the other hand, highly positive skin tests to house dust were not always correlated with a positive RAST response for house dust. Similar results were found with inhalation tests. When a purified D. pteronyssinus extract was used, a stronger relationship was observed between RAST, cutaneous and inhalation tests. It can be assumed that RAST for house dust is not of value in patients with house dust and mite allergy. Our findings indicate that the correlations between RAST results and other in vivo test results depend on the purity of the allergen extracts and the selection of patients.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1986

Ozone enhancement of platinum asthma in a primate model.

Three groups of adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed to either 200 micrograms/m3 ammonium hexachloroplatinate [(NH4)2PtCl6], 200 micrograms (NH4)2PtCl6 concurrently with 1 ppm ozone (O3), or to 1 ppm O3 only. The animals were exposed by inhalation for 6 h per day, 5 days per week for 12 wk. The experimental design included methacholine preexposure and Na2PtCl6 bronchoprovocation challenge evaluations, Na2PtCl6 threshold skin tests, and sera for analyses of antibodies. Two weeks after the 12-wk exposures, these same indices were reevaluated. Baseline pulmonary function was not significantly affected by the exposure regimens; however, the combination of exposure to O3 and (NH4)2PtCl6 significantly reduced the concentration of platinum (Pt) salt and methacholine necessary to increase average pulmonary flow resistance (RL) 200% (EC200 RL). Ozone or Pt exposure alone had no significant effect on these parameters. Platinum and methacholine EC200 RL values were highly correlated for both Pt-exposed groups after exposure. These data indicated that combined O3 and Pt exposure significantly increased specific (Pt) and nonspecific (methacholine) bronchial hyperreactivity more often than did exposure to either O3 or the Pt salt alone. Combined O3 plus Pt exposure also significantly increases the incidence of positive Pt skin tests when compared with the other exposure groups. Similar to the human experience, radioallergosorbent testing (RAST) for Pt-specific antibodies was not as sensitive as direct skin testing in identifying allergic persons.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Allergens of Kentucky Blue Grass pollen. II. Isolation of hapten-like components from Kentucky Blue Grass pollen by preparative isoelectrofocussing.

Components with hapten-like properties were isolated from the nondialyzable fraction, i.e. the retentate (R) and the dialyzable fractions of the aqueous extract of Kentucky Blue Grass pollen (KBC aq.ext.), by preparative isoelectrofocussing on Sephadex G-100 gel. These haptenic components could not elicit the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions in rats passively sensitized with a murine reaginic antiserum to R, but could inhibit completely and specifically the PCA reaction which is normally elicitable with R. It was concluded that the specificity of the murine IgE antibodies was directed to a determinant(s) which was common to either allergenic or haptenic fractions. Moreover, by employing a pool of human sera from individuals allergic to KBG pollen in the radioallergosorbent test procedure, it was apparent that most of the haptenic fractions lacked some of the specificities present on allergenic components of R that were recognized by the human IgE antibodies. Evidence was obtained to suggest that the electrophoretic heterogeneity of allergenic components present in various fractions of KBG aq.ext. may be due primarily to differences in their net charge, rather than to differences in their allergenic specificity.

Absorption↗

PubMed1986

Comparison of MAST with radioallergosorbent and skin tests for diagnosis of allergy in children.

The multiple allergosorbent test system (MAST) is a method for measuring total and allergen-specific IgE levels, using autoradiography and densitometry. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of MAST tests with those of radioallergosorbent (RAST) and skin tests as an adjunct to the diagnosis of allergy in children. Twenty children, aged 4 to 19 years, were studied. Total serum IgE level measured by the paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) method ranged from 7 to 1,333 units/mL (geometric mean, 155 units/mL). Total serum IgE level by MAST significantly correlated with the PRIST IgE level. Quantities of allergen-specific IgE measured by MAST and RAST were also significantly correlated. When the diagnostic levels by MAST and RAST were compared with skin test reactions for ragweed, grass, house dust, and mite, MAST had a sensitivity of 59%, a specificity of 97%, and an efficiency of 72%, compared with 67%, 97%, and 78%, respectively, for the RAST analysis. We conclude that MAST and RAST are similar in their ability to measure allergen-specific IgE level, but that neither method is as sensitive as skin tests for detection of allergen-specific IgE.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Systemic allergic reaction to pine nuts.

This case report describes a systemic reaction due to ingestion of pine nuts, confirmed by an open, oral provocation test. Skin prick testing with the aqueous allergen revealed an immediate positive prick test, and histamine release from basophil leukocytes to the aqueous allergen was demonstrated. Radioallergosorbent test demonstrated specific IgE antibodies to pine nuts. In a review of medical literature, we found no reports of either oral provocation tests confirming a systemic reaction due to ingestion of pine nuts or demonstration of specific IgE antibodies.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1985

Influence of hyposensitization with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract on clinical score, total and specific IgE levels, and skin test in asthmatic patients.

To evaluate the effects of immunotherapy on clinical response, on IgE serum level, on radioallergosorbent test (RAST), and on skin tests, a prospective study was performed by a follow-up of 73 asthmatic patients allergic for house dust during hyposensitization with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. No relationship could be found between the evolution of clinical score, skin tests and RAST, but 91% of the patients with a decreasing IgE serum level had satisfactory clinical results. Serial determinations of serum IgE levels during hyposensitization showed two patterns of evolution with a favourable prognostic value: a continuously decreasing serum IgE or a primary increase followed by a late decrease.

Allergens↗

PubMed1988

In vitro tests for immediate hypersensitivity.

In vitro measurement of IgE antibodies in serum has an established role in the study of allergic disease, but the place of in vitro tests in routine diagnosis is not well established. They are particularly helpful in confirming new allergens in the workplace and in situations where skin testing is potentially dangerous or technically not feasible. The basic procedure is the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Each modification has its peculiar advantages and disadvantages. A clinician depending upon in vitro tests for diagnosis must be aware of the technical problems, the inherent limitation in sensitivity in comparison to skin testing, and above all, the fact that in vitro tests detect the presence of an IgE antibody in serum but give no direct information about its pathogenetic role in an individual patient.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1996

Evaluation of the diagnostic value of the measurement of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.

The value of the measurement of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, a major and common cell wall constituent of fungi, for diagnosing pulmonary aspergillosis was assessed in comparison with that of conventional examinations. The concentrations of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in sera was elevated in 7 out of 8 patients with active aspergillosis, but not in cases without active diseases, except for one sample. Further, the concentrations well reflected the activity of the aspergillosis in each case. Regarding conventional examinations, with the immunodiffusion test it was difficult to detect the present activity of the disease. The radioallergosorbent test was useful for diagnosing bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, but not for other types of aspergillosis. The Aspergillus-specific component, galactomannan, was insensitive and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay gave highly variable results. Thus, although the assessment of the specificity of the assay is still necessary, compared with other tests, the assay of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan has the advantage of diagnosing pulmonary aspergillosis and also of assessing the disease activity.

Antibodies, Fungal↗

PubMed1987

Humoral immune responses in human onchocerciasis: detection of serum antibodies in early infections.

Sera of children (aged 1-15 years) living in a hyperendemic onchocerciasis area (Mali) were tested for antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a radioallergosorbent test (RAST), with an extract of adult Onchocerca volvulus as antigen. Serological results were related to age (equivalent to time of residence in the endemic area) and to parasitological findings (detection of skin microfilariae). This longitudinal study (over three years) allowed us to follow early antibody responses in exposed children with no parasitological or clinical evidence of infection and in children who became microfilaria-positive. Serum antibodies against O. volvulus could be detected one to three years before skin microfilariae. RAST, which detected circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, was more sensitive than ELISA in prepatent infections and gave more positive results for exposed but parasitologically negative individuals than did ELISA. During patent infection, IgE antibody levels tended to decrease in about half those infected, whereas in most children non-IgE antibodies showed no significant changes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Imported fire ant allergy. Perspectives on diagnosis and treatment.

As the imported fire ant relentlessly expands its territory, more and more people are at risk of the insects' discomforting and sometimes dangerous stings. Thus, all primary care physicians in fire ant-infested areas should be familiar with diagnosis and treatment of fire ant stings and of allergic reactions to the stings. Fire ant venom is unique when compared with other Hymenoptera venoms, as it consists mainly of nonallergenic alkaloids that are of small molecular weight with only a small percentage of allergenic proteins. Fire ant wholebody extract, unlike other Hymenoptera wholebody extracts, retains its allergenic activity and is an adequate material for use in diagnostic testing and immunotherapy. Diagnosis of fire ant allergy can be readily made by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) or by skin testing using fire ant wholebody extract. Immunotherapy with fire ant whole-body extract in allergic individuals can prevent serious recurrent systemic reactions.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Infantile colic. Association with lactose and milk intolerance.

Intolerance to lactose and cow's milk protein was prospectively evaluated in 56 infants with apparent colic. A complete blood cell count, sedimentation rate, test for quantitative IgE level, radioallergosorbent test (performed in 15 patients), and at least three stool examinations for pH, presence of reducing substances, and occult blood were performed in 56 infants (46, appropriate size for gestational age; ten, small for gestational age) and results were within normal limits for age. This study suggests that tolerance to lactose and cow's milk protein does not have a significant role in infantile colic.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Maximal rise in IgE antibody following ragweed pollination season.

Patients allergic to ragweed pollen who did not receive immunotherapy had an increase in ragweed-specific IgE antibodies associated with seasonal exposure. Of 17 such patients, 15 reached peak levels between mid-September and mid-October. Two had peak values after mid-October; the levels were only slightly higher than earlier values. Our study shows that serum obtained in mid-October reflects approximately the maximal IgE antibody level attained 0y ragweed-sensitive patients in our area and that this value can be used as a baseline in monitoring the subsequent decline in antibodies. In addition, our data support an earlier observation that the magnitude of seasonal rise in IgE antibody is related to the preseasonal value. The significantly positive correlation of the results of carefully performed skin tests (end point titration) with radioallergosorbent test (RAST) values suggests the possibility that the RAST can be employed as a reliable diagnostic aid, perhaps even replacing the skin test.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Definitive diagnosis of nut allergy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare findings of tests for nut allergy in children. DESIGN: Retrospective survey of a clinical practice protocol. SETTING: Children's hospital paediatric outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS: 96 children referred by general practitioners and accident and emergency doctors over 27 months (1994-96). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Allergic manifestations (generalised urticarial rash, facial swelling, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock, vomiting on three occasions) related to specific nut IgE concentrations and following touch, skin prick, or oral ingestion of nuts. RESULTS: 16 children from a sample of 51 who were tested for nut allergy had no reaction to an oral challenge. Positive IgE against peanuts was found in nine of these 16 children. CONCLUSIONS: Skin prick testing and IgE measured by radioallergosorbent testing are inadequate tests for nut allergy. The definitive diagnostic test for nut allergy in the hospital setting is direct oral challenge.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1987

Antigens and allergic asthma.

There are few reliable epidemiologic data on the overall frequency and importance of allergy. We describe a practical method for quantifying the concentration of both amorphous and morphologically defined antigens in the air. A high volume air sampler is used to collect airborne particles and has a facility to separate samples into different particle sizes. Samples are tested for allergenic activity by radioallergosorbent test inhibition assay. Preliminary findings from studies of community wide, amorphous and common household allergens are reported.

Air↗

PubMed2000

Daycare attendance, asthma and atopy.

The objective of this article is to review studies that have examined the relation of daycare to asthma and atopy. In order to identify studies for inclusion, abstracts of all studies referenced in Medline from January 1966 to January 2000 and in BIBSYS were searched and extracted if they included 'asthma' or 'atopy' combined with words such as 'daycare', 'nursery' or 'kindergarten'. Eight studies fulfilled the criteria of inclusion. The outcomes were asthma, skin prick test (SPT) reactivity, a positive radioallergosorbent test (RAST), hay fever, and eczema. Daycare attendance was positively associated with asthma in five of six studies including asthma. In three of these studies there was no statistically significant association between daycare and asthma. Early start in daycare protected against later asthma in one study. There was a weak, but not a statistically significant positive relation between daycare and atopy in two of three studies when SPT reactivity was used as the outcome. In children of small families early start in daycare protected against atopy. The quality of the studies varies, and they are not directly comparable. The relation between daycare attendance and asthma and atopy is unclear, and further studies designed to answer this specific research question are needed.

Asthma↗

PubMed2002

Occupational skin disease.

Contact dermatitis, the most common occupational skin disease, is characterized by clearly demarcated areas of rash at sites of exposure. The rash improves on removal of the offending agent. In allergic contact dermatitis, even minute exposures to antigenic substances can lead to a skin rash. Common sensitizing agents include nickel and members of the Rhus genus (e.g., poison ivy, poison oak). Severe skin irritants tend to cause immediate red blisters or burns, whereas weaker irritants produce eczematous skin changes over time. An occupational cause should be suspected when rash occurs in areas that are in contact with oil, grease, or other substances. Direct skin testing (patch or scratch) or radioallergosorbent testing may help to identify a specific trigger. Skin cancer can have an occupational link in workers with prolonged exposure to sunlight and certain chemicals, although it can take decades for lesions to develop. In workers with occupational skin disease, workplace changes and protective measures are important to prevent future exposure.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗