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PubMed2006

Developments in management and technology of waste reduction and disposal.

Scandals and public dangers from the mismanagement and poor disposal of hazardous wastes during the 1960s and 1970s awakened the modern-day environmental movement. Influential publications such as "Silent Spring" and high-profile disposal failures, for example, Love Canal and Lekkerkerk, focused attention on the use of chemicals in everyday life and the potential dangers from inappropriate disposal. This attention has not abated and developments, invariably increasing expectations and tightening requirements, continue to be implemented. Waste, as a surrogate for environmental improvement, is a topic where elected representatives and administrations continually want to do more. This article will chart the recent changes in hazardous waste management emanating from the European Union legislation, now being implemented in Member States across the continent. These developments widen the range of discarded materials regarded as "hazardous," prohibit the use of specific chemicals, prohibit the use of waste management options, shift the emphasis from risk-based treatment and disposal to inclusive lists, and incorporate waste producers into more stringent regulatory regimes. The impact of the changes is also intended to provide renewed impetus for waste reduction. Under an environmental control system where only certainty is tolerated, the opportunities for innovation within the industry and the waste treatment and disposal sector will be explored. A challenging analysis will be offered on the impact of this regulation-led approach to the nature and sustainability of hazardous waste treatment and disposal in the future.

European Union↗
PubMed1978

Hazardous solid waste from metallurgical industries.

Types of land disposed residuals from selected metal smelting and refining industries are described, as are the origin and disposition of land disposed residuals from the primary copper industry as an example. Quantities of land-disposed or stored residuals, including slags, sludges, and dusts, are given per unit of metal production for most primary and secondary metal smelting and refining industries. Assessments of the hazard potential of residuals are given. Present treatment and disposal of residuals are discussed and assessed for health and environmental protection. Possible technologies for protection of ground and surface water contamination are presented. These include lined lagoons, chemical fixation of sludge, and ground sealing. Possibilities of resource recovery from residuals are discussed. Data are presented showing attenuation of heavy metal ions and fluorides in selected soils. The leachability and mobility of smelting and refining residuals constituents, including heavy metals and fluorides, and other potential toxicants in specific soil, geologic, and hydrologic disposal environments must be carefully considered in setting disposal requirements.

Copper↗
PubMed1992

Hospitals use alternative off-site methods.

More stringent state regulations on incinerating and autoclaving infectious medical waste on site, coupled with the high costs involved with having the waste hauled off site to be incinerated, is causing hospitals to look at alternative off-site disposal.

Contract Services↗
PubMed1986

Practical aspects of hazardous waste management for hospitals.

The two previous articles in this four-part series introduced the need for hazardous waste management in hospitals, the regulatory background, and insight into determining which hospital waste streams are hazardous or infectious. In this article the author focuses on the management of these waste streams including handling, packaging, storage procedures, and methods of disposal, and discusses those factors which need to be considered when choosing a disposal method.

Materials Management, Hospital↗
PubMed1989

[Disposal of dog feces--why, who, how?--esthetic, legal and organizational aspects].

Dog droppings in public footpaths and playgrounds have become a problem that makes many pedestrians and visitors feel more and more molested and even endangered. Increasingly, it also leads to a confrontation between the people afflicted and that part of the dog owners who never feel responsible for the removal of their pet's faeces. In the paper some considerations will be made on the "why", the "who" and the "how" of dog faeces disposal. The recommendation is to motivate the dog owners to teach their pets to defecate into the gutter or to remove the faeces that way by simple means, conform with the environment. Since rainfall makes the deposits gather in this area anyhow, there will be no additional burden for the municipal disposal facilities by this way.

Animals↗