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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

An inguinal hernia sac tumor of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma origin.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic hernia sac tumor from biliary malignancy is extremely rare with only one such case previously reported. We herein report an additional case of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma presenting as a hernia sac tumor. CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old man presented with an irreducible right inguinal hernia associated with a firm tumor, 2.0 cm in diameter. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a soft tissue density mass with heterogeneous enhancement within the right inguinal canal. The patient underwent a hernia repair and the hernia sac tumor was resected. Histological examination of the tumor revealed a metastatic adenocarcinoma suggesting the tumor was of pancreato-biliary origin. Further investigation using imaging studies disclosed a primary tumor in the upper bile duct. The patient died of the disease nine months after the resection. CONCLUSION: Hernia sac tumors should be considered when an irreducible, growing mass appears within an inguinal hernia. Computed tomography may be useful for the early detection of hernia sac tumors from undiagnosed intra-abdominal malignancies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of mandibular ameloblastoma: report of cases.

Treatment of ameloblastoma is based on clinical manifestations and radiological features. The value of routine radiographs in determining the extent of the lesion may be limited. Four cases of mandibular ameloblastoma were studied using axial and coronal computed tomography (CT). The soft-tissue mass, destruction of cortical bone, and extension of tumor into the infratemporal fossa and adjacent structures were clearly visualized. These features demonstrate the superiority of CT over conventional radiography in delineating the extent of the lesion, which may be essential to its management.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Spiral computed tomographic angiography as a substitute for intra-arterial angiography of aorta and its branches].

Until recently, intra-arterial angiography was the diagnostic method of first choice when pathology of the aorta or its branches was suspected. A disadvantage of this technique is that only the lumen of spaces with blood flow can be visualised and that the soft tissue surroundings remain (partly) invisible. Spiral computer tomographic angiography (CTA) has some major advantages compared with conventional angiography. The technique is less invasive and faster. Also, the soft tissue is imaged by CTA. In addition, computer reconstructions allow viewing from all directions without the limitations of overprojection. Spiral CTA is a suitable technique for imaging the thoracic part of the aorta: in case of dissection if transoesophageal echography is not available, in case of an aneurysm to determine the diameter and in case of rupture as a highly sensitive but not very specific examination technique. For imaging of the abdominal part of the aorta, spiral CTA may be considered. In case of an aneurysm or a possible rupture of this part of the aorta it is then possible to visualize the operation area and to choose the optimal approach. For the exclusion of stenoses in mesenteric arteries or in renal arteries, spiral CTA offers the advantage of non-invasivity. The technique is less suitable for demonstration of these stenoses and does not allow immediate intervention.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epiploic appendicitis: CT characteristics.

Acute infarction of an appendix epiploica resulted in an inflammatory process involving the caudal aspect of the transverse colon and the adjacent greater omentum. Computed tomography demonstrated prominent linear soft tissue densities, an increase in CT number of the involved greater omentum, and posterior displacement of the small bowel. In the setting of acute abdominal pain the location and focal nature of the inflammatory process as seen on CT may allow the radiologist to suggest the correct diagnosis.

Colitis↗
PubMed2004

[A case of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis with a marked thickening of the urinary bladder wall].

The patient was a 49-year-old male with the chief complaint of right lower extremity edema. Ultrasonography showed a right hydronephrosis and a thickening of the right side of bladder wall. No bladder tumor was found by cystoscopy. The right renal pelvis and ureter were not visualized by drip infusion pyelography (DIP). Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a soft tissue mass surrounding the bilateral common iliac artery and extending to thickened bladder wall. After the echo-guided needle biopsy, steroid therapy was performed under the diagnosis of the idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Prednisolone was administered for 10 weeks, resulting in the complete disappearance of thickening of the bladder wall.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1998

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the superior vena cava: computed tomography demonstration and review of the literature.

A case is reported of a 79-year-old man with rapid onset of superior vena cava syndrome caused by an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Contrast-enhanced helical computed tomography showed a soft-tissue mass with punctate calcifications obstructing the superior vena cava and infiltrating adjacent fat. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a very rare primary mesenchymal tumor of the superior vena cava that often presents with calcifications. It should to be added to the differential diagnosis of tumors of the anterior mediastinum.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic metastases of soft tissue angiosarcoma: CT and MR imaging findings.

BACKGROUND: We describe the computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of hepatic metastases caused by soft tissue angiosarcomas to clarify the relation between radiologic appearances and clinicopathologic features. METHODS: CT and MR examinations of 13 patients with hepatic metastases of soft tissue angiosarcoma were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Contrast-enhanced CT images showed multiple hypoattenuating lesions relative to the adjacent liver parenchyma. Lesions contained peripheral areas of enhancement in eight patients (62%). Tumors showed cystic attenuation with fluid-fluid levels, which were suggestive of hemorrhage in five patients (38%). In one patient (8%) with cystic attenuation and fluid-fluid levels, lesions also contained marked enhanced nodular portions located centrally or peripherally. On T1-weighted MR images, all four liver tumors appeared heterogeneous and hypointense relative to adjacent liver parenchyma. Fluid-fluid levels were identified on T2-weighted MR images in five patients (38%). After an intravenous bolus of gadolinium-based contrast material was administered, slight peripheral enhancement was seen in three patients (75%). CONCLUSION: The common CT findings of metastatic angiosarcoma in our series were multiple hypoattenuating lesions often associated with nodular enhancement and cystic lesions with hemorrhagic change.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Orbital fracture evaluation by coronal computed tomography.

Coronal computed tomography produces orbital scans in a plane that is analogous to Caldwell-view x-ray films. Coronal computed tomography permits simultaneous visualization of the orbital walls and the orbital soft tissues, including all extraocular muscles. Using coronal computed tomography, we studied a series of patients with radiographically proven orbital floor fractures. We studied in detail three of these patients, one with a linear orbital floor fracture, one with a depressed orbital floor fracture, and one with a severely comminuted orbital floor. In two patients, coronal computed tomography showed inferior rectus muscle entrapment, which was confirmed at the time of surgery. In each patient, some bone fragments could be seen more discreetly on coronal computed tomography than on conventional polytomes. Coronal computed tomography may be used to help confirm extraocular muscle entrapment in patients with orbital floor fractures. Coronal computed tomography can also be used to examine patients with possible intraorbital foreign bodies, unexplained reduction of vision, or severely displaced bone fragments.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Let's study pharmacokinetics related to anesthesiology by using computer graphics: intravenous drugs].

The pharmacokinetics of intravenous drugs used during anesthesia provides us important information for patients' care. The pharmacokinetic data are usually shown in a graphic expression together with numerical values. The numerical values are only convenient for investigators in exchanging their knowledge and information. The graphic data contain, however, whole and real information obtained in a pharmacokinetic study. The authors demonstrated a way to derive information from graphic data, which is practically applicable for patients' care. We also showed a way to calculate numerical values from graphic data by using "graphnote" by Fukutake Pub. Co. We believe that our manual way to calculate numerical values from graphic data, with an aid of computer graphics combined with scientific calculator, helps us to understand the invisible processes performed inside "a black box" or a computer installed with a commercially available soft ware for the pharmacokinetics.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1997

Thymic carcinoma metastatic to the orbit.

PURPOSE: To report a case of small cell carcinoma of the thymus metastatic to the orbit. METHODS: At age 37 years, a man who had been previously diagnosed and treated for small cell carcinoma of the thymus was initially examined for vertical diplopia and left proptosis. Computed tomographic scan disclosed a soft tissue mass in the superior aspect of the left orbit. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the mass was performed and submitted for cytopathologic examination. RESULT: The cytopathology and immunopathology disclosed malignant cells consistent with metastatic small cell thymic carcinoma. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of a primary thymus gland tumor metastatic to the orbit.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A true aneurysm of the femoral artery in acromegaly.

We report on an acromegalic patient who developed a true aneurysm in the right femoral artery. Plain computed tomography (CT) showed a soft tissue mass with low density adjacent to the right femoral artery. T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images exhibited the lesion with moderate hypointensity peripherally, and hypointensity centrally. T2-weighted images showed the lesion to have areas of hypointensity, moderate hyperintensity, and marked hyperintensity. Surgery revealed an ectasia of the common femoral artery and a true aneurysm from the lateral femoral circumflex artery.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of epidermoid carcinomas using panoramic radiography and computerized tomography].

The purpose of this work was to compare radiographic findings, such as localization and extension of tumors toward the bone and soft tissues, in panoramic radiography and computed tomography (CT). Four radiologists assessed the radiographic findings of 48 patients with the histopathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in different sites of the maxillofacial region. Panoramic radiographs and computed tomographs were obtained at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, at FUNDECTO-USP and at the hospital of the University of São Paulo (USP). We observed a considerable limitation of the panoramic radiography in determining the localization and extension of tumors, since it revealed unclear delimitations. Regarding CT, better results were obtained: it was possible to observe the invasion of the tumor toward adjacent soft tissues, as well as the extension of bone destruction and the depth of the lesion, which were confirmed by surgical findings. We concluded that computed tomography demonstrated to be a sensitive radiographic technique for the detection of the involvement of bone and soft tissues, contributing for a more precise diagnosis, surgical planning and intervention. On the other hand, panoramic radiography was considered less sensitive and less efficient than CT, since it shows only unclear borders of the lesions and is not able to assess the involvement of soft tissues.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

Fatigue fractures of the proximal tibia simulating malignancy.

The clinical and radiological features of nine fatigue fractures developing along the soleal line of the posteromedial cortex of the proximal tibia are described. Seven patients were referred with the diagnosis of a probable malignant sarcoma of bone. All nine patients were male and all but one were 18 years of age or less. Only two gave a history of a recent increase in physical activity. The plain radiographic findings consisted of an uninterrupted, lamellar, periosteal reaction arising medially and posteriorly in the proximal tibia with the fracture seen through the thickened posterior cortex. Bone scan revealed a fusiform focus of increased uptake in the posteromedial cortex of the tibia with varying degrees of activity in the adjacent metaphysis. Computed tomography, on a soft-tissue window, showed perifracture oedema and the absence of a soft-tissue mass. The attenuation of the underlying medulla was increased as a result of fibrosis and hyperaemia. On an extended window setting, both periosteal and endosteal callus was identified, maximal in the posteromedial tibia, and the fractures, multiple in two cases, were best demonstrated on a cortical window. Clinical and radiological features that differentiate a fatigue fracture of the tibia from a sarcoma are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Malignancy associated with chronic empyema: radiologic assessment.

Radiologic findings of six cases of malignancy associated with chronic empyema 5-39 years in duration were reviewed. Pathologic examination confirmed three B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, one round-cell sarcoma, one mesothelioma, and one adenocarcinoma. Retrospective findings on plain chest radiographs suggested the occurrence of malignancy: increased radiopacity in the thoracic cavity, soft-tissue bulgings and/or unsharpness of fat planes in the chest walls, destruction of bone near the empyema, and extensive medial deviation of the calcified pleurae. Computed tomography delineated masses with soft-tissue attenuation more clearly than radiography in all cases. Magnetic resonance images of three cases were informative because empyema cavities were surrounded by low-intensity rims, and two of them showed a signal intensity different from that of necrotic tumors. Scintigraphy revealed increased uptake of gallium in all cases. Ultrasonography was useful for biopsy guidance. Every radiologist should know this entity in observation of chest radiographs obtained in patients with chronic empyema, and further radiologic assessment and aggressive biopsy are recommended if malignancy is suspected.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of a collagen/hydroxylapatite implant for orbital reconstructive surgery.

A variety of autogenous and alloplastic materials have been used to correct enophthalmos. Hydroxylapatite (HA), is a calcium-phosphate-based compound that has been extensively studied as a bone replacement material. We studied the properties of a new dense particulate form of HA in a collagen matrix (PFC/HA) implanted in the subperiosteal space of ten rabbit orbits for a period of 6 months. All animals were studied with pre- and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, and measurements of induced proptosis and implant volume were made. The proptosis induced by the implant averaged 2.2 mm and was stable over a 6-month period. Implant volume was constant throughout the study. Three-dimensional computer-generated images of the soft tissue, skeletal, and implant surfaces confirmed the implant stability. All animals were studied histologically with fluorochrome bone markers, which revealed minimal foreign body reaction to the implant, no evidence of infection, and marked fibrovascular ingrowth. We found the PFC/HA to possess properties that make it an ideal implant material: ease of availability, ease of handling, no resorption, minimal immunogenicity, infection resistance, no observed migration, biointegration, and no risk of disease transmission. PFC/HA may make an excellent implant material to manage orbital volume.

Animals↗