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Results for “Therapist variable”

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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Interrater reliability of videotaped observational gait-analysis assessments.

The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability of videotaped observational gait-analysis (VOGA) assessments. Fifty-four licensed physical therapists with varying amounts of clinical experience served as raters. Three patients with rheumatoid arthritis who demonstrated an abnormal gait pattern served as subjects for the videotape. The raters analyzed each patient's most severely involved knee during the four subphases of stance for the kinematic variables of knee flexion and genu valgum. Raters were asked to determine whether these variables were inadequate, normal, or excessive. The temporospatial variables analyzed throughout the entire gait cycle were cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, and step width. Generalized kappa coefficients ranged from .11 to .52. Intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) and (3,1) were slightly higher. Our results indicate that physical therapists' VOGA assessments are only slightly to moderately reliable and that improved interrater reliability of the assessments of physical therapists utilizing this technique is needed. Our data suggest that there is a need for greater standardization of gait-analysis training.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Therapeutic factors in dysphoric disorders.

The working group on the treatment of dysphoric disorders focused on ways to integrate variables and qualities that optimize treatment effects for this clinical population. The variables examined represent three aspects or domains of the treatment context that effect positive change. These included aspects of the patient and therapist (participant factors), those relating to the development and role of the therapeutic relationship (relationship factors), and those that defined the application of formal interventions that are implemented by the therapist (techniques factors). The treatment literature on dysphoric populations was reviewed and a variety of relationships was identified, which then were translated into principles that are thought to enhance treatment effects. The principles representing the three domains of this review are then collected, in this article, into a set of cohesive suggestions for treating patients whose problems are characterized by major or minor depression, alone or as a comorbid condition.

Depression↗

PubMed2003

Marital relationship and the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia: a critical review.

The purpose of this paper is (1) to specify, among studies on the links between marital relationship and cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA), the conceptual and methodological limitations that may have produced inconsistent results in this field so far; and (2) to propose avenues of research that will help in remedying current weaknesses and answering important questions in this area. Following definition of PDA and a survey of its socioeconomic consequences, the authors examine results of the various ways research has tried to specify the links between marital relationship and the development, maintenance, and treatment of this disorder: the study of major life events before and after the onset of PDA, interpersonal problems and quality of marital relationship in the presence of PDA, the links between marital relationship and PDA treatment outcome, variability of experimental outcomes according to types of measure used to study these links, the effect of the spouse as co-therapist in PDA treatment, and the impact of a PDA treatment based on marital communication and problem-solving. Research hypotheses and methodological procedures are proposed to improve understanding of PDA and its treatment outcome.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Online psychological treatment for pediatric recurrent pain: a randomized evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a distance treatment delivered through Internet and telephone for pediatric recurrent pain. METHODS: Forty-seven participants (9-16 years of age) were randomly assigned to either an Internet-based treatment or a standard medical care waitlist. Treatment employed a Web-based manual for children and parents with weekly therapist contact by telephone or e-mail. At 1- and 3-month follow-ups, participants were assessed on the outcome variables of pain and quality of life. A 50% reduction in diary pain scores was considered clinically significant. RESULTS: Significant between-group differences were found: 71 and 72% of the treatment group achieved clinically significant improvement at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups, respectively, whereas only 19 and 14% of the control group achieved the criterion. No significant differences were found on the quality of life variable. CONCLUSIONS: Distance methods have considerable potential for making effective treatments more accessible with lower associated costs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

A longitudinal analysis of burnout in the health care setting: the role of personal dispositions.

Burnout is frequently interpreted as a situationally induced stress reaction. However, the long-term stability of burnout scores and their correlations with subjective well-being measures suggest that burnout may also reflect enduring qualities of the individual. To assess the contribution of personality to the experience of burnout, an exploratory longitudinal study was done. At Time 1, 36 occupational therapists (32 women, 4 men) from two hospitals completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; Maslach, 1982) and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985; a measure of the five-factor model of personality). At Time 2, the MBI was again given along with the Work Environment Scale (Moos, 1981) to 29 of the original therapists. Moderately strong correlations were found between burnout scores and measures of the five factors both concurrently and longitudinally. Even when situational variables were controlled, personality continued to account for a significant portion of the variance in burnout scores. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[A day care center for management of early stage Alzheimer's disease].

Alzheimer's disease represents an important problem for our societies, both in social and economical dimensions. Built in July 1997, the day care center of Liège aims at practicing strategic cognitive interventions in early Alzheimer patients or when pathological memory impairments occur. By means of an interdisciplinary work (by neuropsychologists and occupational therapists), the ultimate goal of the interventions is to facilitate the patient's autonomy in activities of daily living. Because of the variability of clinical symptoms of the disease, the goal of these cognitive interventions is to optimize the performance of each patient by making the most of its preserved abilities. Moreover, another goal of the day care center is also to support the caregivers, by giving them advices in order to adequately face with difficulties presented by the patient.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1994

[Habilitation for handicapped children, mainly for children with visual and hearing impairment, speech-language disorder, and hyperkinetic disorder].

This symposium was focused on habilitation for children with visual and hearing impairment, speech-language disorder, and hyperkinetic disorder. New and variable approaches were reported in topics of habilitation for these handicapped children by an ophthalmologist, an otorhinolaryngologist, a child neurologist, a speech therapist and an educational psychologist. Many points of these approaches were then discussed.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Attrition from conjoint alcoholism treatment: do dropouts differ from completers?

This study addresses patient attrition in order to identify variables associated with retention in conjoint treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence. Subjects were 105 male alcoholics and their partners who participated in a randomized clinical trial of three approaches to conjoint treatment of alcoholism: (a) alcohol and behavioral marital therapy (ABMT); (b) ABMT plus Alcoholics Anonymous and Alanon (AA/ABMT); and (c) ABMT plus relapse prevention (RP/ABMT). Completers (n = 45) attended two assessment and 15-17 treatment sessions. Partial completers (n = 23) left treatment between the 5th and 15th treatment session. Thirty-seven dropouts left treatment between the first assessment session and the 5th treatment session; of these, 22 dropouts completed at least one treatment session (called early treatment dropouts). Of subjects who entered treatment, dropouts from early treatment were least compliant with treatment requirements in the first few sessions, less educated, and less committed to their relationship. Data indicate that therapists with more clinical experience were more likely to retain clients in treatment, regardless of treatment condition. The data do not reflect a linear relationship between most variables studied and a continuum of attrition status from assessment to completion of the program.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Success and failure in time-limited psychotherapy. A systematic comparison of two cases: comparison 2.

This is the second article in a series comparing two patients treated in time-limited individual psychotherapy by a professional therapist in the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Project. The patients were two young men suffering from anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. One of the patients was a success case, the other a therapeutic failure. In addition to a variety of change measures, all tape-recorded therapy sessions were subjected to intensive study. Results showed that the outcome of psychotherapy depends markedly on the patient's ability to form a productive working relationship with the therapist early in therapy. Conversely, deep-seated characterological problems, manifesting themselves particularly in negativism, hostility, and other resistances, may give rise to insurmountable barriers resulting in negative therapeutic outcomes. The therapist's attitudes toward the patient and technical skill obviously play a part, but they appear to be overshadowed by the foregoing patient variables.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Stuttering in Lima, Peru: a qualitative case study of current concepts, theories, and treatment facilities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate within an ethnographic framework, certain cultural variables which may be factors in the etiology and presentation of stuttering as well as in the care provided for those who stutter. An assessment was made of the cultural influences upon the following variables of the transcultural investigation of stuttering: 1) epidemiological characteristics of stuttering; 2) attitudes of the stutterer and the stutterer's family, friends, therapists towards the defect; 3) cultural expectations which may be part of the etiology/perpetuation of the problem of stuttering, including an examination of these cultural expectations within the context of the stutterer's past and present home, work, and recreational lifestyles: 4) current theories and therapies.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Goniometry of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, Part I: a survey of instrumentation and placement preferences.

A telephone survey of 231 occupational and physical therapists was conducted to determine goniometric instrumentation and placement preferences for measuring the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the upper extremity. The variables included were academic degree, hand therapy certification, years of therapy experience, years of specialty hand experience, and preferences for goniometric instrumentation and placement. Descriptive statistics revealed a highly experienced population (mean, 11 years) who predominantly preferred the 6" cut-off clear and metal goniometers. Eight additional instruments were also noted. Dorsal placement of the goniometer was preferred by 73% of the practitioners. Lateral placement was occasionally preferred (by 20%) in difficult clinical situations. Seven percent of the practitioners reported always preferring the lateral method. Chi-square analyses revealed no significant relationships between the variables.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

PubMed1997

A comparative analysis of the therapeutic focus in cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal sessions.

This study compared therapeutic foci in a sampling of 30 cognitive-behavioral and 27 psychodynamic-interpersonal manual-driven treatments for depression. High- and low-impact sessions were coded for each client, with the Coding System of Therapeutic Focus. Results indicated that psychodynamic-interpersonal sessions focused more on such variables as emotion, patterns, incongruities, the impact that others made on clients, clients' expected reaction of others, the tendency to avoid therapeutic progress, therapists themselves, clients' parents, and links between people and time periods in clients' lives. Cognitive-behavioral sessions placed greater emphasis on external circumstances and clients' ability to make decisions, gave more support and information and encouraged between-session experiences, and focused more on the future. Relatively few differences emerged as a function of session impact. Results are discussed in terms of the different and similar theoretical conceptions of the change process.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Factors associated with compliance of alcoholics in outpatient treatment.

Predictors of compliance with psychosocial treatment were examined in a clinical sample of 150 patients seeking outpatient treatment for alcohol problems. Predictor variables were as follows: a) patient characteristics at the beginning of treatment and b) treatment characteristics of a matching model developed from the Conceptual System Theory. This model was based on the conceptual level of patients and therapists, and on the structure of the treatment. Using logistic regression analysis, we identified predictors of compliance in the motivation phase (first four consultations) and the active treatment phase (the remainder of the agreed treatment period of 12 months). Predictors of compliance in the motivation phase were a) therapists with a high conceptual level, characterized by an attitude toward the patients of empathetic and reflective listening; b) disulfiram; and c) psychopharmacological treatment. The only patient-related predictors of compliance in the active treatment phase were a) age below 40 and b) the presence of family and social problems, both factors predicting noncompliance. The only treatment-related predictor variables were a) the matching of patients with the structure of treatment and b) disulfiram during the first month of treatment, both factors predicting compliance. Two years after the beginning of treatment, those patients who completed the motivation phase as well as the active treatment phase had a significantly better psychosocial function than the noncompliant patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of familiar versus unfamiliar therapists on responding in the analog functional analysis.

The analog functional analysis involves the manipulation of pre-determined antecedent and consequent events and typically is conducted by trained experimenters. Inclusion of idiosyncratic variables in the analog functional analysis may affect responding. Inclusion of caregivers is one potential antecedent that may affect problem behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of including caregivers in the analog. Four individuals with developmental disabilities and their caregivers served as participants. For 3 of 4 participants, different patterns of responding were observed when caregivers versus experimenters conducted the functional analysis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[The patient and his psychotherapist: an analog study on the choice of therapy and reflections on the significance of person perception in psychotherapy].

In order to analyse the first beginning of therapeutic interaction an analog study was performed considering especially the social psychological elements of the situation. 93 subjects (mainly students of psychology and medicine, 54 female and 39 male, 18-30 years old) were shown two parts of films presenting examples for non-directive and behaviour therapy and then had to make a decision which therapy they would choose if they had psychologically determined problems. According to the demonstration in the film it was hypothesized that the arguments for choosing a therapy would be related more to the technique but instead most of the arguments were concerned with the person of the therapist. The influence of person-perception and halo-effects could also be shown by comparing the two therapist and other relevant roles including the self-description of the subjects by means of grid-technique with a pre-formed list of adjectives. Regarding other hypothetical influences of the required choice, also a set of personality variables gave a significant discrimination for the two therapy preference groups. The meaning and influence of person perception for the whole therapy process is taken up in the discussion. It is argued that person-perception might have greater influence in earlier phases of therapy, but is then succeeded by an interaction of learning strategies required by the therapist and the learning capacity of the patient.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

[Patient goals and therapist behavior patterns in triadic partnership therapy].

From various concepts of therapy an integrative attempt at a three-way partnership therapy (two partners and a therapeutist) has developed, with observable and testable interaction variables (concretised as patients' aims and therapeutists' behavior) being derived. Patients' aims (aims to advance the therapy) are regarded as one aspect of the relationship, which it is attempted to improve. Besides considering the verbal behavior of patients and therapeutist, patients' experience during treatment and experience outside of the therapy were examined. Empirical investigation has show that the integration of therapeutists' variables can frequently achieve certain targets in patients' behavior, and that a partial breakup of destructive communication patterns and alterations on the level of experience attitudes, ........, emotions, etc.) can be achieved.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1981

Speech-rhythm characteristics of client-centered, Gestalt, and rational-emotive therapy interviews.

The aim of this study was to discover whether client-centered, Gestalt, and rational-emotive psychotherapy interviews could be described and differentiated on the basis of quantitative measurement of their speech rhythms. These measures were taken from the sound portion of a film showing interviews by Carl Rogers, Frederick Perls, and Albert Ellis. The variables used were total session and percentage of speaking times, speaking turns, vocalizations, interruptions, inside and switching pauses, and speaking rates. The three types of interview had very distinctive patterns of speech-rhythm variables. These patterns suggested that Rogers's Client-centered therapy interview was patient dominated, that Ellis's rational-emotive therapy interview was therapist dominated, and that Perls's Gestalt therapy interview was neither therapist nor patient dominated.

Gestalt Therapy↗

PubMed1986

The effect of target behavior monitoring on weight loss and completion rate in a behavior modification program for weight reduction.

Although behavior modification of obesity is usually described as a behavior change procedure, measurement is most often limited to the outcome variable of weight loss. The present investigation employed detailed behavior monitoring forms in half of 16 obesity groups (n = 173) matched across four different therapists. The percentage of compliance for nine specific treatment behaviors was charted from these monitoring forms. At the end of treatment, the eight groups that had the behavior monitoring treatment averaged over 6 pounds more weight lost than the matched control groups as well as showing significantly better attendance. The between group weight loss differences were still evident 3 months after treatment.

Behavior Therapy↗