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PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic value of cytologic examination of peritoneal washings in patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Peritoneal pelvic washings from 54 women with pathologic stage I endometrial carcinoma were evaluated in a blind retrospective fashion for the concentration of malignant cells present. None of the 42 patients with normal washings developed recurrence after a median disease-free survival of 36 months. Of the 12 patients with adenocarcinoma in the washings, 4 had high concentrations of malignant cells (greater than 1000 cells/100 ml sample), and all 4 died as a consequence of carcinoma within two years. The remaining eight patients had lower concentrations of malignant cells in the washings (less than 1000 cells/100 ml sample), and six of these patients had no evidence of disease after 37 to 64 months. Cox's nonparametric statistical model showed that increasing concentrations of adenocarcinoma cells in washings significantly shortened the time to recurrence of disease. The abundance of malignant cells has prognostic importance in identifying those patients with pathologic stage I disease who may require more aggressive therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1983

Stimulation of eicosapentaenoic acid metabolism in washed human platelets by 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid.

Washed human platelets were not able to convert eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to thromboxane B3 (TXB3) and 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (AA) to washed human platelets induced conversion of EPA to TXB3 and 12-HEPE. Esculetin, a specific inhibitor of 12-lipoxygenase, prevented the effect of AA, but cyclooxygenase inhibitor did not. The conversion of AA to TXB2 was not affected by the same dose of esculetin. These data suggest that products of AA formed by 12-lipoxygenase in human platelets have stimulatory effects on EPA metabolism. When AA was preincubated with washed human platelets, its effect on EPA conversion was reduced, suggesting that a labile product of AA formed by 12-lipoxygenase is involved in the facilitation of EPA metabolism. Addition of 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid directly to washed human platelets caused dose-dependent synthesis of TXB3 and 12-HEPE, while addition of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid had no effect. Thus, 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid formed from AA promotes the metabolism of EPA in washed human platelets.

Arachidonic Acid↗

PubMed1983

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in nasal washings and saliva of leprosy patients.

IgA levels in nasal washings and saliva were determined in leprosy patients and healthy controls. In addition, serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM and total serum protein were analyzed. IgA levels in the nasal washings, but not in the salivas, were elevated significantly in the borderline (BL) and lepromatous (LL) groups. In the tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) groups, the IgA levels in both the nasal washings and salivas did not differ from the controls. Total protein was also elevated in the nasal washings in the BL and LL groups. Thus, the IgA expresses as mg/mg protein did not differ significantly from the control group. However, in individual patients the levels of IgA and total protein were not correlated in either the nasal washings or the salivas. The high serum immunoglobulin and protein levels were in accord with the findings of most other workers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Effect of serum factors and cell washings on leukocyte adherence inhibition in breast cancer patients.

A total of 81 individuals, including 41 breast cancer patients, 20 patients with other types of malignant tumors, and 20 normal volunteers, were studied in order to evaluate whether leucocyte reactivity directed to soluble tumor-associated antigens could be increased by extensive cell washings and could be blocked by preincubation with autologous serum. When 41 leucocyte samples were pretreated with autologous serum, washed 3 or 6 times, mean percentage of leucocyte adherence inhibition difference between control extract and breast cancer extract were -2.4 +/- 2.0, 5.8 +/- 1.3, and 10.0 +/- 1.2, respectively. The results of cells preincubated with serum were significantly different from those of cells washed 3 times and 6 times (both P less than 0.001 by Student's t-test). The results of cells washed 3 times were significantly different from those of cells washed 6 times (P less than 0.05 by Student's t-test). Serum blocking factors correlated with tumor burden and clinical stage. However, leucocyte reactivity against breast cancer extract did not correlate with tumor burden or clinical stage in breast cancer patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: analysis of pulmonary washings.

Bronchopulmonary washings from a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis who underwent therapeutic pulmonary lavage were examined. There were large amounts of protein and lipids of which main classes were phospholipid, cholesterol and free fatty acid. The major component of phospholipids recovered from the washings was lecithin rich in palmitic acid. We also found a high IgG level in the washings. Both the findings of free cholesterol in high concentration in the washings and the electrophoretic pattern of protein in the washings suggested that the alveoli-filling material of our patient was not wholely derived from passive transudation of plasma constituents.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytology by gastric washing in the diagnosis of gastric neoplasms].

A prospective and comparative study between the citology obtained through gastric washing and endoscopic (biopsy and brushing) for the diagnostic of the gastric neoplasias was carried at the Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico La Raza. Twenty one patients with benign gastric ulcer and 18 patients with gastric neoplasia (Two lymphomas and 16 adenocarcinomas) which we checked through surgery, necropsy or clinic evolution were studied. From 21 cases of gastric ulcer, the washing produced enough material for diagnosis in 17 of them (81%); in 16 of these neoplasia was excluded (94.1%) with false positive (5.9%). The endoscopic regained 100% of useful material and in a 100% ignored neoplasia. From 18 neoplasia cases, gastric washing produced material for 14 of them (77.8%); in 10 of these (71.4%) it made a diagnostic with 4 false negatives (28.6%); Endoscopic collected material in a 100% and the accuracy diagnostic was of 17 (94.4%) with one false negative (5.6%). Gastric washing has a high index of uselless for diagnostic from 39 samples, 8 were useless and from these, autolisis was the mein cause. Citology through gastric washing is usefull for neoplasm diagnosis in those cases in which endoscopy would be contraindicated or in those in which it is absent.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

[On compulsive hand-washing--psychopathology of "touching"].

Compulsive hand-washing has been well known to the psychiatrists, since Legrand du Saulle described this disorder by the name of "délire du toucher" (1866), which refers to mysophobia or contact-phobia. But its clinical significance seems to have been not fully examined, except from the psychoanalytical point of view, that has observed the repression of sexuality in its pathology. This report presents four cases of compulsive hand-washing, and explores why they exclusively wash their hands. In order to elucidate the reason for their hand-washing and its significance, this report aims to study the relation of following three elements; "Sexuality", "hand" and "touching". As the idioms using "hand" often represent the various modes of sexual life in Japanese language as well as in English, so the "touching by hand" is reasonably considered to evoke the sexual impulsions, which the hand-washers fear and wish to avoid. On the other hand, "touching" is, necessarily in nature, to be touched by the touched object. For example, one who touches the lover's hand is inevitably to be touched by hers. That is; one is forced to be an object of one's object, which becomes to be a subject. In this sense, the act of "touching" means to lose one's "being subject" and to melt oneself into the situation where the structural distinction of subject and object can disappear. So one's act of "touching" or vivid contact with the other can cause anxiety by means of losing one's ego, which may be also a critical point to introduce to create something new. A compulsive hand-washer fears and avoids this critical moment that can make him lose his "being subject", so he "washes his hands of (cuts off relation with)" the situation that can undermine his ego. This avoidance of having contact can be compared to "the lose of vivid contact with the reality (la perte du contact avec la réalité (Minkowski)" observed in schizophrenia. In their ways of life, many hand-washers are not less autistic than the schizophrenics.om

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Feasibility of peritoneal washing cytology through the totally implanted reservoir for early detection of peritoneal recurrence of ovarian cancer].

UNLABELLED: There have been no reliable ways to follow up ovarian cancer patients receiving optimal debulking. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of cytological diagnosis on peritoneal washing cells collected through a totally implanted reservoir as a tool in following up these patients. Between 1988 and 1993, 31 patients underwent optimal debulking and were implanted with a reservoir. After the operation, the patients were followed up at 2-4 week intervals with peritoneal washing cytology. Six patients were diagnosed as having a recurrence by the peritoneal washing cytology alone. And at this point there had been no other positive findings by other conventional methods. There were no complications caused by reservoirs. Activated mesothelial cells, multinucleated histiocytes and hemosiderine-laden histiocytes were characteristic cytologic findings accompanying adenocarcinoma cells. Hemosiderin-laden histiocytes were found by peritoneal washing cytology even before the appearance of adenocarcinoma cells. The appearance of hemosiderin-laden histiocytes may therefore be a sign of intraperitoneal recurrence of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION: 1) Peritoneal washing cytology through a reservoir is useful for early detection of intraperitoneal recurrence of optimally debulked ovarian cancer without any significant complications. 2) The appearance of intraperitoneal hemosiderin-laden histiocytes may be sign of intraperitoneal recurrence of ovarian cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

The impact of water temperature on core body temperature of North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) during simulated oil spill recovery washing protocols.

Ten North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) were anesthetized with Telazol and instrumented with ingestable radiotelemetry temperature sensors for measuring core body temperature. The otters were then subjected to a washing protocol to simulate rehabilitation following an oil spill contamination. This protocol consisted of a 30-min wash in a 1:16 dilution of dishwashing liquid using either cold (24 degrees C) water or water near baseline core body temperature (38.4 degrees C), followed by a 30-min rinse with water of the same temperature, followed by 10 min of forced hot air drying. Core body temperatures of the otters washed in cold water fell at a median rate of 0.1 degrees C/min, whereas otters washed in warm water maintained stable core temperatures until the completion of the protocol, at which time their core temperatures began to drop at a similar rate. Core temperatures restabilized in both groups, and no statistical difference in core temperature between groups remained 180 min after initiation of the protocol. Efforts to examine the efficacy of supplemental squalene administration to speed the recovery of fur condition and waterproofing were unsuccessful because the washing protocol did not cause loss of coat waterproofing in 8 of the 10 subjects.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1994

Pancreatic cancer. Cytologic study of peritoneal washings.

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the frequency and significance of free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity of patients with pancreatic exocrine adenocarcinoma. DESIGN: Randomly selected patients with pancreatic cancer had peritoneal washings performed at the beginning and conclusion of laparotomy. Results of cytologic studies were correlated with the clinical findings, size, spread, and resectability of the tumor and with the survival time of the patient. All patients were followed up until the present or until their deaths. SETTING: Tertiary care, referral hospitals in Toledo, Ohio. PATIENTS: Only patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were included. Thirty-six patients, yielding 62 specimens for cytologic study, were included. INTERVENTION: Peritoneal washings were performed at the beginning and completion of laparotomy. Each washing was evaluated independently by two skilled cytologists. If present, ascites was quantitated and studied cytologically. Biopsy specimens were obtained in each patient at the time of the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Presence or absence of malignant cells in peritoneal fluid; maximal diameter, grade, and spread of cancer; presence and volume of ascitic fluid; resectability of cancer; and length of survival of the patient. RESULT: Of the 36 patients studied, three had positive cytologic findings. All three had peritoneal carcinomatosis. Of 11 patients with ascites, only one had positive cytologic findings. CONCLUSIONS: Results of cytologic studies of peritoneal washings or of ascitic fluid are seldom positive with pancreatic exocrine carcinoma. When positive, they denote a very grave prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1998

Peritoneal washing in borderline epithelial ovarian tumors in women under 25: the use of cell block preparations.

Serous tumors of low malignant potential are uncommon in women under 30-years-old peritoneal washings play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian neoplasms. Accurate diagnosis of peritoneal washings is important in determining therapeutic regimens and in determining patient prognosis. In peritoneal washings, these tumors can be difficult to distinguish from reactive benign mesothelial cells. The cases of four women with borderline serous ovarian tumors, all of whom were under the age of 25, and had peritoneal washings which were positive for papillary tumors were reviewed.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Brief communication: Choice of washing method of hair samples for trace element analysis in environmental studies.

Determination of inseparable exogenous and endogenous levels of toxic trace elements such as lead in human scalp hair has been used to understand and assess population exposure to such elements. For any such analysis, washing of the hair samples to remove superficial contamination is the foremost requirement. However, the use of such washing methods prior to elemental analysis removes minute quantities of trace elements from the hair strands. This degree of loss is dependent on the washing method employed. In the present study, the element lead has been determined in human scalp hair after three methods of hair washing. It is apparent that the nonionic detergent-acetone method is best suited for securing valid lead analysis results in human scalp hair.

Acetone↗

PubMed2004

Effects of cyclodextrins, humic substances, and rhamnolipids on the washing of a historically contaminated soil and on the aerobic bioremediation of the resulting effluents.

Nontoxic and biodegradable pollutant-mobilizing agents, instead of chemical surfactants, were tested in the washing of an actual-site chloroaromatic-contaminated soil. A soil historically contaminated by chlorinated anilines and benzenes, thiophenes and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was subjected to washing by suspending it (15% w/v) in water or in water with 1.0% (w/v) beta-clodextrin (beta-CD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD), rhamnolipid (RL), dissolved humic substances (HS), or Triton X-100 (TX) in shaken batch reactors for 24 hr. The resulting wastewaters were amended with nutrients and treated aerobically in shaken reactors for 65 days. The biogenic agents markedly enhanced (by 237%, beta-CD; 265%, HP-beta-CD; 400%, RL; 566%, HS) the capability of water of eluting organic pollutants from the soil. TX enhanced the overall pollutant removal by about 660%; however, a lower depletion of the initial soil ecotoxicity, along with a more extensive impact on the soil organic matter, was observed. Furthermore, TX adversely affected the bioremediation of the resulting effluent by apparently inducing a premature decrease of specialized bacterial biomass. By contrast, the biogenic agents, and in particular HS and RL, sustained the biodegradation and dechlorination of pollutants by apparently enhancing the availability of specialized bacteria in the reactors. Thus, the biogenic agents proposed here seem to be promising nontoxic and nonaggressive soil washing agents for the integrated physicochemical (washing) and biological (aerobic posttreatment) restoration of poorly bioremediable (chloro) organics-contaminated soils.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed2005

Atypical papillary proliferation in gynecologic patients: a study of 32 pelvic washes.

Papillary clusters in gynecologic pelvic washes frequently cause diagnostic challenges because they can be associated with borderline or malignant ovarian tumors, as well as benign pelvic diseases. The objective of our study was to review all pelvic washes with atypical papillary proliferation (APP) and investigate whether cytomorphology and/or immunohistochemistry on cell block could determine their origin. Thirty-two pelvic washes from 31 patients containing APP were reviewed and correlated with their corresponding gynecologic or pelvic disease. Previously obtained cell blocks with immunohistochemical (IHC) stains were reviewed also. Nine of 32 washes (28%) were overcalled as malignant and were from patients with 5 borderline serous ovarian tumors (BSTO), 1 ovarian follicular cyst, 1 serous cystadenofibroma, and 1 endometrial carcinoma with ovarian seromucinous cystadenoma. BSTO and endometriosis were the most common sources of APP. Cell blocks could not discriminate further the etiology of APP. Immunohistochemistry was performed rarely and not fully contributory. Caution in interpreting papillary groups and cytohistological correlation is recommended to prevent a high false positive rate.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Detection of peritoneal micrometastasis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for heparanase mRNA and cytology in peritoneal wash samples.

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dissemination is the most common pattern of metastasis in advanced gastric carcinoma with serosal invasion. In the present study, we have reported the clinical relevance of a new diagnostic method with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay using heparanase as a target gene for detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes. METHODS: Intraoperative peritoneal washes were obtained from 48 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer. RT-PCR analysis with primers specific for heparanase and conventional cytological examination were performed subsequently. RESULTS: Heparanase RT-PCR was capable of detecting at least 10 tumor cells in 10 ml peritoneal wash fluid. There was no detectable heparanase expression in normal gastric epithelial cells and peritoneal wash samples from patients with benign disease. Twenty-five (52%) patients with gastric cancer had a detectable heparanase expression. Its positive rate was 100% and 59% for the cases with clinically evident peritoneal metastasis and serosal invasion, respectively, both of which are higher than that of cytology. CONCLUSIONS: Heparanase mRNA detected in peritoneal lavaged fluid might indicate the presence of free cancer cells in peritoneal cavity. The high sensitivity of RT-PCR based heparanase assay made it a candidate molecular marker for detecting peritoneal micrometastasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Polymerase chain reaction for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae detection in tracheobronchiolar washings from pigs.

We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in tracheobronchiolar washings collected from experimentally infected piglets. On the basis of the published nucleotide sequence of M. hyopneumoniae I141 probe (accession number U02537), primers were chosen to produce an amplified fragment of 1561 bp. All the M. hyopneumoniae strains tested could be detected by the PCR test. DNA from other mycoplasmal and bacterial species currently isolated from respiratory tract of piglets gave negative result. The detection limit was estimated to be 500 fg of purified DNA corresponding to 4.10(2) organisms. The sensitivity of PCR reaction was also evaluated on microorganisms in culture, the limit sensitivity was 2.5 10(3) organisms. In the present study, a total of 143 tracheobronchiolar washings collected from experimentally infected piglets were submitted to PCR. For each tracheobronchiolar washing, PCR was performed on crude extracts treated with lysis buffer and on extracted DNA. The PCR results obtained with the two kinds of samples were compared to the immunofluorescence (IF) results. This comparison indicates a good correlation between PCR and IF test in 121/143 cases. The presence of M. hyopneumoniae is revealed in 19/143 of the washing samples only by PCR. In our hand, PCR appears to be the more sensitive test to detect M. hyopneumoniae in experimentally infected piglets.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Relaxation of splenic strips during wash out with amine-free solution after an exposure to noradrenaline.

1. Strips were prepared from the spleens of normal or of reserpine-pretreated cats or rabbits. The strips were first exposed to (-)noradrenaline and then washed out with amine-free solution. 2. After inhibition of monoamine oxidase by pargyline "secondary sensitization" was prominent during the incubation with noradrenaline, and the early phase of quick relaxation was followed by a late phase of slow relaxation. The latter was cocaine-sensitive and has to be attributed to a slowly declining efflux of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings. 3. Inhibition of catechol-O-methyl transferase by U-0521 or inhibition of extraneuronal uptake by hydrocortisone (cat) or corticosterone (rabbit) failed to alter relaxation. Apparently, an efflux of noradrenaline from extraneuronal stores plays little or no role in the relaxation of splenic strips. 4. During prolonged exposure to noradrenaline strips become desensitized to noradrenaline; on wash out of the amine, sensitivity is restored. As a consequence of this temporary desensitization the response to noradrenaline is not well maintained during prolonged exposure to this amine (when MAO is intact), and the relaxation curve is distorted (whenever a late phase of slow relaxation is prominent). 5. Indometacin enhances the sensitivity of rabbit (but not of cat) splenic strips to noradrenaline but fails to substantially alter relaxation curves. 6. When the distribution of noradrenaline is restricted to the extracellular space and when the concentration of the amine is varied over a wide range, essentially parallel relaxation curves are obtained on wash out, provided the initial contraction does not exceed 80% of maximum. For higher initial contractions relaxation is slowed during the first minute of wash out, probably because of the sigmoid shape of the dose-response curve.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Quantitation and immunochemical characterization of carcinoembryonic antigen and glucose phosphate isomerase in blood and washings of patients with gastric and colonic diseases.

Circulating levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) have been measured and compared in 51 subjects with gastric and colonic diseases. Levels were higher in gastric and colonic cancer patients than in normals or patients with other diseases. Elevations of both these markers were most frequent in patients with metastases. Concentrations of CEA and GPI in gastrointestinal washings were also measured. No correlation was found between total protein content and concentrations of CEA or GPI in the washings. Further characterization of the perchloric acid-soluble material from colon washings by gel filtration indicated that the CEA-like substance from colon cancer patients was higher in molecular weight than standard radiolabeled CEA and CEA from normal colon washings. When tested against anti-CEA antiserum and pure CEA from a colonic cancer metastasis, all CEA preparations showed immunological identity in gel-diffusion plates; on immunoelectrophoresis similar mobility was indicative of a similar charge.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗