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PubMed1986

Central nervous system involvement in cat scratch disease.

Cat scratch disease is a cause of benign regional adenopathy which is rarely associated with CNS complications. Two children with cat scratch disease associated with alterations of mental status and convulsions are presented. One patient had a focal cerebral abnormality on neurologic examination, EEG, and computed axial tomography. The spectrum of CNS involvement is reviewed for this usually benign disease. Prognosis is generally excellent. The pathogenesis of the CNS complications has not been elucidated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Cat-scratch disease presenting as status epilepticus. A case report.

A 12-year-old Bedouin boy presented with sudden asymmetrical status epilepticus. The presence of a scalp wound, rubbery cervical lymphadenopathy and a history of contact with cats suggested the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease complicated by encephalopathy. The diagnosis was supported by histological examination of a cervical lymph node and a positive skin test with cat-scratch antigen. The rapid establishment of the diagnosis avoided the necessity of elaborate and complicated neuroradiological investigations.

Cat-Scratch Disease↗

PubMed1978

Cat scratch disease with involvement of intra-parotid lymph nodes. Case report.

A case of cat scratch disease, presenting as a parotid tumor, is described. In its oculo-glandular form, this disease may be associated with swelling of the intraparotid lymph nodes, and the possibility should be considered in the differential diagnosis of parotid tumors in children. A careful history, and skin testing with cat scratch antigen, may aid in the diagnosis of this condition.

Cat-Scratch Disease↗

PubMed1995

[Cat-scratch disease and disease caused by Bartonella (Rochalimaea)].

The aetiology of cat scratch disease remains controversial since both Afipia felis and Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae have been isolated from diseased lymph nodes. Bartonella henselae, Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana and Bartonella (Rochalimaea) elizabethae cause endocarditis and Bartonella bacilliformis cause septicemia (Oroya's fever) in non-immunocompromized patients, and Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana cause fever, bacillary angiomatosis, and visceral peliosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Bartonella quintana is the historical agent of trench fever and we recently isolated it from chronic adenopathy. The diagnosis of Afipia felis and Bartonella infections relies upon the isolation of the bacterium from blood, node tissue after inoculation of cell cultures systems and molecular identification, and upon the serology. In vitro both species are sensitive to aminoglycosides, and we recommend aminoglycosides be included in antibiotic regimens for treating cat scratch disease and Bartonella infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1995

Ocular cat scratch disease.

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is infectious and can cause a multitude of systemic diseases in addition to ocular CSD. Rochalimaea henselae has been identified as the causative agent for ophthalmic manifestations of cat scratch disease. A noninvasive method of making a positive diagnosis of ocular CSD was recently developed.

Bartonella henselae↗

PubMed1995

Multiple pulmonary nodules as a manifestation of cat-scratch disease.

Cat-scratch disease is an unusual bacterial illness that only rarely shows pulmonary involvement. The authors describe a 19-year-old woman with chronic renal failure who presented with multiple pulmonary nodules, a previously undescribed manifestation of cat-scratch disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Cat-scratch disease mimicking rhabdomyosarcoma.

A 12-year-old boy who had injured his elbow presented with a lump in the epitrochlear area. Originally thought to be a hematoma, then later myositis ossificans, this mass was actually a lymph node with large, reactive germinal centers. Although stains for acid-fast bacilli, fungal organisms, bacteria, and cat-scratch disease were negative, serological testing for detection of Rochalimaea henselae organisms found evidence of cat-scratch disease. We would like to remind orthopaedic surgeons to consider this diagnosis in evaluating masses of the soft tissues of the extremities.

Cat-Scratch Disease↗

PubMed1994

Disseminated cat-scratch disease: detection of Rochalimaea henselae in affected tissue.

An immunocompetent 9-year-old boy with disseminated cat scratch disease involving spleen, cervical and abdominal lymph nodes, skull, and one clavicle is reported. Antibodies to Rochalimaea quintana and R. henselae were detected, at increasing, then decreasing concentration. DNA extracted from the biopsied skull lesion was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and hybridized with species-specific oligonucleotides proving the presence of R. henselae in affected tissue. Our findings suggest that R. henselae plays a pathogenic role in cat-scratch disease.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMed1993

Multiorgan involvement in systemic cat-scratch disease.

Cat-scratch disease is considered in the differential diagnosis of benign regional lymphadenopathy. We describe a case of cat-scratch disease in a 12-year-old boy with multiple bony, hepatic and splenic lesions which resolved with chemotherapy. The present case with simultaneous multiorgan involvement supports the view of a systemic nature of the disease.

Abscess↗

PubMed1996

[Cat-scratch disease as a diagnostic problem of lymphadenopathy].

The diagnosis of cat-scratch disease is based on history and clinical symptoms. We present a case of a 4-year-old girl admitted to our unit with suspicion of histiocytosis X after histologic evaluation of a submandibular lymph node biopsy. On the basis of history, clinical features and histologic reevaluation, the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease was made.

Bartonella henselae↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cat scratch disease in a child.

We report a case of a 9-year-old girl scratched on the right side of her neck by a kitten about one month prior to admission. She was well until three weeks later when she developed enlarged right neck masses, a pustula on the scratch site, right injected conjunctiva, headache, general malaise and fever, thus fulfilling the clinical criteria for CSD. Initially, she was treated by a practicing physician but the manifestations persisted for one week. After admission, leukocytosis and a mildly elevated erythrocyte sedimentary rate were noted. The serum IgG titer to Bartonella henselae was performed by means of indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test at the National Institute of Preventive Medicine. The serum titer of anti-B, henselae Ig G was 1:256 and greater (> or = 1:256). The positive serum titer(negative titer being < 1:64) to B, henselae, the organism thought to be responsible for CSD, also supports this diagnosis. She was treated with a 7-day course of intravenous gentamicin and the fever subsided within 24 hours. Following this, she improved clinically and was discharged one week later. One month after discharge, she remained well with no palpable neck masses.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1997

[Cat scratch disease and associated infections].

Cat scratch disease (CSD) was first described in France by Debré et al. in 1950, yet the causative bacterial agent of CSD remained obscure until 1992, when Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) henselae was implicated in CSD by serological and microbiologic studies. B. henselae had been linked initially to bacillary angiomatosis (BA), but also bacillary peliosis, relapsing bacteremia and endocarditis. Cats are healthy carriers of B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae, and can be bacteremic for months to years. Cat to cat transmission of the organism involves the cat flea in absence of direct contact transmission. Present knowledge on the etiology, clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of cat scratch disease/bacillary angiomatosis are presented.

Angiomatosis, Bacillary↗

PubMed1998

[Cat-scratch disease. Presentation of 2 cases in a family with serologic follow-up and discussion of diagnostic methods].

Two cases are reported of cat scratch disease which we consider worth describing both because of their familial presentation (the involved patients were brothers) and the serologic follow-up performed after diagnosis, which showed significant increases in IgG antibody titers to Bartonella henselae in both patients, one on day 35 and the other on day 45 after diagnosis. Cat scratch disease is a rarely diagnosed condition in our environment and it is easily misdiagnosed with other regional lymphadenitis; hence, a serologic test revealing a seroconversion or a significant increase in serologic titers will be very useful, as well as the epidemiologic antecedent of cat exposure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Cat-scratch disease with an extraaxial mass.

CT and MR imaging of the brain and gallium-67 scintigraphy showed an enhancing, gallium-avid mass in the left middle cranial fossa of a 10-year-old girl. Craniotomy revealed an inflammatory mass related to the left trigeminal nerve. The lesion contained rodlike bacteria, and serologic tests were positive for cat-scratch disease. Neurologic involvement in cat-scratch disease is uncommon, and the presence of organisms in neural tissue has not been reported.

Bartonella henselae↗

PubMed1995

[Lichen amyloidosus--disease entity or the effect of scratching].

In current textbooks of dermatology, lichen amyloidosus is said to be a papular, intensely pruritic type of amyloidosis of unknown aetiology. When this concept was developed, there was no way of discriminating between the different types of amyloid. It is now known that amyloid in lichen amyloidosus is not derived from immunoglobulins or serum proteins, as it is in systemic amyloidoses, but from keratin peptides of necrotic keratinocytes. Even several years ago, chronic scratching was invoked as a possible cause of damage to keratinocytes in lichen amyloidosus. In support of this hypothesis, four cases are presented. Apart from amyloid in the papillary layer, all biopsy specimens revealed histopathological signs of chronic scratching (epithelial hyperplasia with hypergranulosis and compact orthokeratosis, coarse collagen in vertical streaks in the stratum papillare), such as are also found in prurigo nodularis and lichen simplex chronicus. Lichen amyloidosus is considered to be a variant of these conditions. Just as in prurigo nodularis and lichen simplex chronicus, pruritus seems to be the cause and not a symptom of the papular skin lesions. Consequently, treatment of lichen amyloidosus should not be directed at removing amyloid, but at improving the pruritus.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Satiety and scratching; effects of bombesin-like peptides.

Two novel amphibian peptides, [Ser7]litorin-like peptide (Ser-LIT) and [Ser7]bombesin-like peptide (Ser-BN), recently isolated from the skin of the South American frog Phyllomedusa sauvagei, are characterized by the occurrence of a Ser residue in place of His7 in the C-terminal tripeptide. For testing on food intake in fasted rats the peptides were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) and intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) and their activity compared with that of bombesin (BN) and litorin (LIT). Ser-LIT was completely ineffective on food intake while Ser-BN was about ten times less potent than LIT by i.p. injection; given i.c.v., Ser-BN inhibited food intake in the first 15 min after injection but its effect faded within 60 min. The i.c.v. administration of both [Ser7]-substituted peptides, elicited intense scratching with a potency equal to or higher than that of BN or LIT. The existence of two different kinds of receptors for BN-like peptides may be hypothesized: the first, specific for the C-terminal tripeptide sequence, is apparently involved in the inhibition of feeding; the second, responsible for the stimulating activity on the urinary bladder and for scratching, shows higher affinity for the N-terminal portion of the biological active sequence.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Activity of rubrospinal neurons during locomotion and scratching in the cat.

It is now well established that locomotion and scratching in vertebrates can result from the activation of a spinal central generator. The possibility of control of these rhythmic motor activities by the red nucleus has been analyzed in the thalamic cat, in which efferent nerve discharges representing fictive locomotion or fictive scratching can still be recorded following paralysis by curarization. It was found that the discharge of lumbar-projecting rubrospinal neurons is modulated in relation to the intensity and frequency of the rhythmic efferent activity in the contralateral hindlimb. The average firing frequency was minimal at the transition between the extensor and flexor efferent bursts and increased progressively to reach a maximum in the second part of the flexor burst. Comparison of the rubrospinal activities during real and fictive rhythmic motor activities revealed only minor influences of phasic afferent inputs. Analysis of the relations between the rhythmic discharges found in rubrospinal neurons, cerebellar neurons (interpositus nucleus and paravermal Purkinje cells of the cerebellar anterior lobe) and neurons of an ascending pathway (ventral spinocerebellar tract) leads to the conclusion that the rubrospinal tract belongs to an internal loop between spinal and supraspinal centres. However, until now, the results do not allow the evaluation of its contribution to the motor performance, even in situations which, like those studied here, do not involve the complex motor control present in the intact cat.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Scyliorhinin-I and -II induce reciprocal hindlimb scratching in mice: differentiation of spinal and supraspinal neurokinin receptors in vivo.

Scyliorhinin-I amide (SCY-I) (selective for NK-1 and NK-2 receptors) or scyliorhinin-II amide (SCY-II) (selective for NK-3 receptors) were injected either spinally (i.t.; intrathecally) or supraspinally (i.c.v.; intracerebroventricularly) to mice. Following i.c.v. administration, SCI-I and SCY-II produced potent, dose-related reciprocal hindlimb scratching about equipotently (ED50 = 0.05 and 0.08 nmol, respectively). However, following i.t. administration, only SCY-I elicited greater than 50% response (ED50 = 0.07 nmol). Reciprocal hindlimb scratching is a behavioral response that has not been associated previously with neurokinins. These results might provide the first functional in vivo correlate for the differential localization of neurokinin receptor types within the mammalian central nervous system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗