PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Adolescent Behavior”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Family structure versus parental attachment in controlling adolescent deviant behavior: a social control model.

This study examines the relationship between family characteristics and adolescent deviant behaviors such as major and minor delinquency, and alcohol, cigarette, and drug use, while controlling for gender and race/ethnicity. The intervening factor of the socialization of law-abiding belief was also examined. Data represent a subsample from Wave 1 of the South Florida Youth Development Project involving middle school students in Dade County public schools. A significant direct relationship was found between family attachment and each of the deviant behaviors; however, family structure was not significantly related to any of the deviant behaviors. No significant interactions were found between gender or race with family structure and family attachment regarding any of the deviant behaviors. Family attachment had a direct effect on law-abiding belief, which also had a significant effect on the deviant behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Ethnic differences in the link between physical discipline and later adolescent externalizing behaviors.

BACKGROUND: Parents' use of physical discipline has generated controversy related to concerns that its use is associated with adjustment problems such as aggression and delinquency in children. However, recent evidence suggests that there are ethnic differences in associations between physical discipline and children's adjustment. This study examined race as a moderator of the link between physical discipline and adolescent externalizing behavior problems, extending previous research beyond childhood into adolescence and considering physical discipline at multiple points in time. METHODS: A representative community sample of 585 children was followed from pre-kindergarten (age 5) through grade 11 (age 16). Mothers reported on their use of physical discipline in the child's first five years of life and again during grades 6 (age 11) and 8 (age 13). Mothers and adolescents reported on a variety of externalizing behaviors in grade 11 including aggression, violence, and trouble at school and with the police. RESULTS: A series of hierarchical linear regressions controlling for parents' marital status, socioeconomic status, and child temperament revealed significant interactions between physical discipline during the child's first five years of life and race in the prediction of 3 of the 7 adolescent externalizing outcomes assessed and significant interactions between physical discipline during grades 6 and 8 and race in the prediction of all 7 adolescent externalizing outcomes. Regression slopes showed that the experience of physical discipline at each time point was related to higher levels of subsequent externalizing behaviors for European American adolescents but lower levels of externalizing behaviors for African American adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: There are race differences in long-term effects of physical discipline on externalizing behaviors problems. Different ecological niches may affect the manner in which parents use physical discipline, the meaning that children attach to the experience of physical discipline, and its effects on the adjustment of children and adolescents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of differentiation of self on adolescent risk behavior: test of the theoretical model.

BACKGROUND: Innovative theoretical models are needed to explain the occurrence of high-risk sexual behaviors, alcohol and other-drug (AOD) use, and academic engagement among ethnically diverse, inner-city adolescents. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the credibility of a theoretical model based on the Bowen family systems theory to explain adolescent risk behavior. Specifically tested was the relationship between the predictor variables of differentiation of self, chronic anxiety, and social problem solving and the dependent variables of high-risk sexual behaviors, AOD use, and academic engagement. METHODS: An ex post facto cross-sectional design was used to test the usefulness of the theoretical model. Data were collected from 161 racially/ethnically diverse, inner-city high school students, 14 to 19 years of age. Participants completed self-report written questionnaires, including the Differentiation of Self Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Social Problem Solving for Adolescents, Drug Involvement Scale for Adolescents, and the Sexual Behavior Questionnaire. RESULTS: Consistent with the model, higher levels of differentiation of self related to lower levels of chronic anxiety (p < .001) and higher levels of social problem solving (p < .01). Higher chronic anxiety was related to lower social problem solving (p < .001). A test of mediation showed that chronic anxiety mediates the relationship between differentiation of self and social problem solving (p < .001), indicating that differentiation influences social problem solving through chronic anxiety. Higher levels of social problem solving were related to less drug use (p < .05), less high-risk sexual behaviors (p < .01), and an increase in academic engagement (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the theoretical model's credibility and provide evidence that differentiation of self is an important cognitive factor that enables adolescents to manage chronic anxiety and motivates them to use effective problem solving, resulting in less involvement in health-comprising behaviors and increased academic engagement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of factors affecting the validity of self-reported health-risk behavior among adolescents: evidence from the scientific literature.

We reviewed the existing empirical literature to assess cognitive and situational factors that may affect the validity of adolescents' self-reports of alcohol and other drug use, tobacco use, behaviors related to unintentional injuries and violence, dietary behaviors, physical activity, and sexual behavior. Specifically, we searched for peer-reviewed journal articles published in 1980 or later that examined the factors affecting self-report of the six categories of behavior listed above. We also searched for studies describing objective measures for each behavior. Self-reports of each of six types of health-risk behaviors are affected by both cognitive and situational factors. These factors, however, do not threaten the validity of self-reports of each type of behavior equally. The importance of assessing health-risk behaviors as part of research activities involving adolescents necessitates the use of self-report measures. Researchers should familiarize themselves with the threats to validity inherent in this type of assessment and design research that minimizes these threats as much as possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The impact of alcohol-specific rules, parental norms about early drinking and parental alcohol use on adolescents' drinking behavior.

BACKGROUND: The present study explores the role of having rules about alcohol, parental norms about early alcohol use, and parental alcohol use in the development of adolescents' drinking behavior. It is assumed that parental norms and alcohol use affect the rules parents have about alcohol, which in turn prevents alcohol use by adolescent children. METHODS: Longitudinal data collected from 416 families consisting of both parents and two adolescents (aged 13 to 16 years) were used for the analyses. RESULTS: Results of structural equation modeling show that having clear rules decreases the likelihood of drinking in adolescence. However, longitudinally alcohol-specific rules have only an indirect effect on adolescents' alcohol use, namely through earlier drinking. Analyses focusing on explaining the onset of drinking revealed that having strict rules was related to the postponement of drinking initiation of older and younger adolescents. Further, parental norms about adolescents' early drinking and parental alcohol use were associated with having alcohol-specific rules. Parental norms were also related to adolescents' alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: The current study is one of the first using a full family design to provide insight into the role of alcohol-specific rules on adolescents' drinking. It was shown that having strict rules is related to postponement of drinking, and that having alcohol-specific rules depends on other factors, thus underlining the complexity of the influence of parenting on the development of adolescents' alcohol use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sexual Development and behaviors of adolescents.

Adolescents are faced with many developmental tasks related to sexuality, such as forming romantic relationships and developing their sexual identities. Many adolescents will engage in a variety of sexual behaviors, including perhaps oral and anal sex, during this time period. Almost half will engage in vaginal sexual intercourse by the end of high school. A number of biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors can influence adolescents' romantic relationships and sexual behaviors. Some of these factors (eg, exposure to violence in the home, early pubertal development) may increase an adolescent's risk of being in an unhealthy relationship or engaging in sex at an early age. Parents, healthcare providers, and communities can support adolescents through these developmental tasks by forming close, connected relationships with teens and devising age-appropriate messages about the development of healthy sexuality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Risk behavior in adolescent students in Santiago de Chile].

Aiming to measure the prevalence of risky behaviors, familial disturbances and their interrelations, a probabilistic sample of 1904 teenagers (aged 15.5 +/- 1.8 years, 42% male) was surveyed using and anonymous and self applied questionnaire. Fifty two percent of the sample smoked, 54% consumed alcohol, 12.5% marihuana, 3.2% amphetamines, 2.3% cocaine, 0.8% inhalants and 5.3% other drugs. Thirty two percent smoked frequently (monthly, weekly or daily); frequent alcohol, marihuana, amphetamines, cocaine and other drug consumption was found in 15.5, 5, 1.4, 0.4 and 1.4% of the sample. Substance abuse, except cigarette smoking was more prevalent among males. Substance abuse was more frequent among people over 15 years old. As to unsociable behaviors, 24% of teenagers referred vandalism in the last 24 months, 44% individual aggressions and 14% robbery. Twenty nine percent had school absenteeism. Parental separation, psychiatric treatments and treatments for alcoholism were present in 22, 6 and 4 percent of teenagers. Risky behaviors were significantly more frequent among offspring whose parents had any of these problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The effect of school suspensions and arrests on subsequent adolescent antisocial behavior in Australia and the United States.

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of school suspensions and arrests (i.e., being taken into police custody) on subsequent adolescent antisocial behavior such as violence and crime, after controlling for established risk and protective factors in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States (U.S.). METHODS: This article reports on analyses of two points of data collected 1 year apart within a cross-national longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior, substance use, and related behaviors in approximately 4000 students aged 12 to 16 years in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, U.S. Students completed a modified version of the Communities That Care self-report survey of behavior, as well as risk and protective factors across five domains (individual, family, peer, school, and community). Multivariate logistic regression analyses investigate the effect of school suspensions and arrests on subsequent antisocial behavior, holding constant individual, family, peer, school, and community level influences such as being female, student belief in the moral order, emotional control, and attachment to mother. RESULTS: At the first assessment, school suspensions and arrests were more commonly reported in Washington, and school suspensions significantly increased the likelihood of antisocial behavior 12 months later, after holding constant established risk and protective factors (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.1, p < .05). Predictors of antisocial behavior spanned risk and protective factors across five individual and ecological areas of risk. Risk factors in this study were pre-existing antisocial behavior (OR 3.6, CI 2.7-4.7, p < .001), association with antisocial peers (OR 1.8, CI 1.4-2.4, p < .001), academic failure (OR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.5, p < .01), and perceived availability of drugs in the community (OR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.5, p < .001). Protective factors included being female (OR 0.7, CI 0.5-0.9, p < .01), student belief in the moral order (OR 0.8, CI 0.6-1.0, p < .05), student emotional control (OR 0.7, CI 0.6-0.8, p < .001), and attachment to mother (OR 0.8, CI 0.7-1.0, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: School suspensions may increase the likelihood of future behavior. Further research is required to both replicate this finding and establish the mechanisms by which school suspensions exert their effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

AIDS/HIV knowledge level and perceived chance of having HIV among rural adolescents.

Behaviors that increase the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents living in rural areas have been reported to be as frequent as those of lower socioeconomic minority youth living in large urban areas. Little is known, however, about whether rural adolescents possess adequate knowledge upon which to make responsible decisions to avoid exposure to HIV. In order to address this deficit, we administered the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 1989 Secondary School Health Risk Survey to 294 sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students (30.2% sample) from a rural county with significant social problems including epidemic sexually transmitted diseases STDs, sex-for-drugs, poverty, and drug abuse. The sample was 65% African-American, 50% female, with a mean age of 12.9 +/- 1.3 years. Although 68% reported having received school-based AIDS education, a lower proportion (greater than or equal to 10%) the students were found to correctly answer 8 of 17 AIDS/HIV knowledge questions than those from a national comparison group. The mean was 12.8 +/- 3.1 of 17 items answered correct. Lower AIDS/HIV knowledge was associated with lower school grade (rho = 0.46, p less than or equal to 0.0001); being African-American, Hispanic, or Native American (p less than or equal to 0.043); and never receiving school-based AIDS/HIV education (p less than or equal to 0.0001). Based on multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), only school-based AIDS/HIV education was a significant predictor (p less than or equal to 0.0001) of knowledge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

HIV/AIDS in South Africa: a review of sexual behavior among adolescents.

South Africa has a fast-growing HIV/AIDS rate, with the highest prevalence among young people (15 to 24 years), especially females. This paper is a comprehensive analytical review of available research concerning the sexual behavior of adolescents in South Africa. It offers insight into HIV infection among adolescents and provides an important base for educational interventions aimed at behavior change and reducing further transmission. The most important conclusion is that, despite the research (however limited) that has been done, there has been no significant change in the rate of infection among adolescents in South Africa. A new generation of behavioral interventions, involving both factual knowledge and life skills to promote behavioral risk reduction, is recommended.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Risk factors for adolescent suicidal behavior: loss, insufficient familial support, and hopelessness.

Upon admission to an inpatient psychiatric facility, 20 adolescent serious suicide attempters and 20 nonattempters matched on depression scores were asked about their perceived hopelessness, social support, and loss preceding hospitalization. Attempters and nonattempters were similar in psychiatric status, gender, age, race, and socioeconomic status. Measures included Reynold's (1987) Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) and assessment for recent loss of a significant other. Also included were versions of the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1967), Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Schuyler, & Herman, 1974), Suicide Intent Scale (Beck et al., 1974), and Sarason's Social Support Questionnaire (Sarason, Levine, Basham, & Sarason, 1983) modified to retrospectively assess the period of time just prior to hospitalization. Classification of serious suicide attempt using both staff screening and the Suicide Intent Scale was validated by attempters' high scores on the SIQ. Data show that loss and low family support were the best predictors of an adolescent's suicide attempt. Also, suicide attempters reported more hopelessness than did nonattempters. The influence of recent loss on serious suicide attempts, especially when paired with a perceived lack of family support and hopelessness, provides evidence for a "stress-vulnerability" model of adolescent suicide behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The role of repeat victimization in adolescent delinquent behaviors and recidivism.

PURPOSE: To report prevalence of adolescent victimization and delinquency recidivism as well as to assess the association between repeat victimization and delinquency recidivism in a large, population-based sample of high school seniors. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of the Monitoring the Future Project (about 17,000 high school seniors from 1996 to 1999) was analyzed as a pooled sample. The analysis was based on self-reported measures of ten different types of delinquent behaviors including violent and property offenses. Other measures included in the analysis are victimization and information about sociodemographic (e.g,. geographic region, parental education, number of parents in the home) and lifestyle (e.g., grade from average, truancy, work experience, religious commitment) characteristics. Pairwise and multivariate methods were used to examine the risk association between repeat victimization and delinquency recidivism. RESULTS: From 1996 to 1999, a downward trend was observed for most types of delinquent behaviors: recidivism among seniors except for hitting instructors/supervisors, damaging school property, and car theft. For the same study period, the prevalence of victimization recidivism was also on the decline except for injury with a weapon and physical threats. Repeat victimization was found to be significantly associated with delinquency recidivism. Other risk factors more frequently associated with delinquency recidivism included gender, race, drug use, poor school performance, truancy, risk-seeking, and conflicts with parents. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed a significant association between repeat victimization and delinquent recidivism; it identified characteristics of adolescent at risk of repetitive delinquent behaviors, which could be used for planning intervention strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Sexual orientation, sexual abuse, and HIV-risk behaviors among adolescents in the Pacific Northwest.

OBJECTIVES: We explored HIV risk behaviors, sexual orientation, and sexual abuse among 5 school-based cohorts in Seattle, Wash (SEA95 and SEA99:N=7477 and N=6590), and British Columbia (BC92, BC98, and BC03 [weighted]: N=239975, N=281576, and N=265132). METHODS: An HIV risk scale of 7 items assessed risky sexual behaviors and injection drug use. Self-identified sexual orientation included heterosexual, bisexual, gay/lesbian, and, in British Columbia only, mostly heterosexual. Analyses of covariance were conducted separately by gender and were adjusted for age and sexual abuse when comparing means. RESULTS: Gay/lesbian and bisexual adolescents had higher mean age-adjusted risk scores compared with heterosexual and mostly heterosexual adolescents. After we controlled for sexual abuse history, mean scores were 2 to 4 times higher among abused students than among nonabused students in each sexual orientation group. Age/abuse-adjusted models better explained the variance in risk scores (R(2)=0.10-0.31), but sexual orientation remained an independent predictor. CONCLUSION: Sexual minority adolescents who attended school reported higher HIV risk behaviors, and higher prevalence of sexual victimization may partially explain these risks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Explaining adolescent exercise behavior change: a longitudinal application of the transtheoretical model.

The developmental decline and benefits of exercise are documented, however, relatively little is known about the mechanisms and motivations underlying adolescent exercise behavior This project investigates which variables drive exercise or are a consequence thereof, within the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Baseline questionnaires (N = 819) were collected through 5 Canadian high schools. For this longitudinal investigation, all baseline participants were approached for a 3-year follow up. Follow-up questionnaire completers (n = 400: mean baseline age = 14.89, SD = 1.15, mean follow-up age = 17.62 years, SD = 1.18) were not different from noncompleters (n = 419) on all baseline variables, except for sex (54. 75% and 43. 68% females, respectively; p <. 003). Stages, processes, self-efficacy, pros and cons of exercise from the TTM, and self-reported exercise were assessed. Panel analyses revealed that although the directions of the relations were as hypothesized, the processes did not significantly lead to exercise or vice versa. As hypothesized, exercise leads to self-efficacy and pros and cons, showing that the TTM can serve as a framework to understand adolescent exercise behavior Future research needs to incorporate shorter assessment intervals and use larger samples to be able to look at adjacent stage transitions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Clusters of problem behaviors in adolescents.

This study was designed to examine clusters of problem behaviors in a sample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health at two time points. The technique employed was a person-oriented approach, cluster analysis. Three clusters were identified, a normal behaviors cluster, a problem behaviors cluster, and a deviant behaviors cluster. The clusters were tested for stability and for their relationships to the demographic variables gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status. The mean values for most of the problem behaviors in the problem behaviors cluster were higher than for those in the normal behaviors cluster and lower than for those in the deviant behaviors cluster. Selling drugs and weapon use distinguished the deviant behaviors cluster from the other two. Different interventions probably will be required to address the needs of those in each of the different clusters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A cojoint, operant model for assisting profoundly behaviorally disordered adolescents.

This article describes a community treatment program established in a semirural New Mexico community that was cojointly administered by the local school district, university and mental health center in order to facilitate the adoption of personal and academic skills among profoundly, behaviorally disordered adolescents. The treatment, a model classroom, is staffed by a fulltime teacher and a full-time psychologist whose roles are differentiated primarily by the ways and type of operant behavior they reinforce. This cojoint operant model for assisting profoundly behaviorally disordered adolescents was successful in facilitating the overall adjustment of eight adolescents in one academic year, as evidenced results of a behavior rating scale, projective testing, and parents' checklist and individual interviews. Theoretical bases and procedures for implementing the model are described, and recommendations for future programs serving emotionally disturbed adolescents are proposed.

Adolescent↗