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PubMed2004

What's the use in getting mad? Anger and instrumentality in women's relationships.

In two studies, we examined women's anger expression and its instrumental function in relationships by addressing the following questions: What is the relationship between women's self-reports of instrumentality and their perceived styles of anger expression? In what ways and situations do women see their anger expression as instrumental or goal enhancing? In Study I, we expected that women's perceived styles of anger expression would be positively related to instrumentality, as measured with the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ; Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, 43, 1974). Although our hypothesis was not supported, a positive relationship did emerge between assertiveness and instrumentality, as predicted. In Study II, we conducted three focus group discussions to elucidate women's experiences of anger and to provide clarification for the results of Study I. We identified group themes related to when women experienced their anger expression as instrumental as well as when women perceived themselves as noninstrumental in anger-arousing situations. In their narratives, women explained how they make decisions about expressing their anger based on relationship concerns.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

It's not because I'm fat: perceived overweight and anger avoidance in marriage.

Employed married Israeli women responded to questions about their perceived weight, their husbands' evaluation of their appearance, and their expression of anger in marriage. Our data, based on 125 questionnaires and five in-depth interviews, supports the possibility that women who perceive themselves as overweight, that is, "fail" to live up to the standards of female beauty in society, often suppress their anger and express it in limited areas. Our findings suggest that women who have not been able to resist the appearance-directed normative imperative in the constitution of their feminine self have to work harder to meet gender norms that require "emotion work" in the form of anger avoidance.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Who me, angry? Patterns of anger diversion in women.

Researchers suggest that women's experience of anger is very complex and may not be accounted for by existing anger models. The current study was an attempt to clarify a model of women's anger proposed by Cox, Stabb, and Bruckner in Women's Anger: Clinical and Developmental Perspectives, 1999. Anger diversion focuses on women's attempts to bypass anger awareness, to use indirect means to cope with anger, or both. A sample of predominantly college and graduate student women (N = 514) completed a vignette questionnaire assessing diversionary anger styles as well as instruments evaluating symptoms, anger behaviors, emotional expression, and tendencies to respond in socially desirable ways. The results of the study partially support Cox and colleagues' model, particularly in distinguishing between diverting anger and expressing anger assertively. We found that women who divert anger are more vulnerable to symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and somatization than are women who use an assertive approach to coping with anger.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Home alone: the experience of women with type 2 diabetes who are new to intensive control.

Using an inductive interpretive approach we examined the early experiences of women learning intensive self-management of type 2 diabetes. The women expressed feelings of being very much "home alone" during their initial self-management experience, in spite of having requisite knowledge and skills from completing a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary diabetes educational program. Invariably, engagement in the self-management process resulted in strong emotional responses, self-blame, and negative characterizations of self. Conditions associated with ways of being engaged in intensive self-management are described and provide practitioners with needed personal and contextual information to inform clinical care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Midlife women's narratives of living alone.

Women who live alone in the United States maintain connectedness in ways that are not fully understood. The purposes of this study were to (1) describe midlife women's definitions of themselves and how these are related to living alone; (2) identify the role of connections in relation to self; and (3) describe how self-definition is related to well-being. Van Manen's interpretive phenomenology and Riessmann's method of narrative analysis were used to examine the role of connections and well-being. Living alone was a core component of self. Outside connections supported the women's well-being. Women's future concerns included disability and financial viability. Directions for further study include examining the concepts of mattering and belonging in relation to women's emotional health.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

The meaning of health: perspectives of Anglo and Latino older women.

This qualitative study, utilizing the dimensional analysis approach, was conducted to generate a substantive theory about the description and meaning of functional health from the perspectives of older Anglo and Latino women. Through focus group interviews with older Anglo and Latino women and data analysis, the investigators learned that the women's perceptions of functional health were vastly different. As planners and providers, we usually are trained in a health culture that is predominantly based on White, middle-class values. This ethnocentrism can act as a barrier leading us to disregard the notion that concepts such as health are not universally perceived. Findings from this study may enable us to achieve a closer approximation of the real experiences of our clients and to sensitize us to different world views.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The myth of the replacement child: parents' stories and practices after perinatal death.

Parents bereaved by perinatal death adapt to their losses in different ways. When bereaved parents give birth to a child or children subsequent to a perinatal death, their constructions of the family necessarily change. The subsequent child is thought to be at risk of psychopathology (the replacement child syndrome) if parents have not sufficiently grieved their losses. This qualitative interview study examines the family stories told by bereaved parents, with particular attention to how parents represent the dead child and subsequent children in the current family structure. We categorized parents' stories as those which suggested that parents replaced the loss by an emphasis on parenting subsequent children, or maintained a connection to the dead child through storytelling and ritual behavior. The two ways in which parents maintained the connection were to preserve the space in the family that the dead child would have inhabited, or to create an on-going relationship with the dead child for themselves and their subsequent children. There seem to be multiple paths to parenting through bereavement. The place of rituals and memorial behavior is also examined.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Perceived images of disability: the reflections of two undergraduate medical students in a university in South Africa on life in a wheelchair.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this manuscript is to document the experiences of two undergraduate medical students at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, who registered for a 4-week special study module titled "Images of Disability", as part of the medical training programme. The objective of the module was to foster the development of positive attitudes toward persons with physical disability through role-playing. METHOD: The special study module required that the students assumed they had mobility impairments and were physically confined to wheelchairs. The students were required to document their personal experiences of life in a wheelchair for five consecutive working days. RESULTS: The students had to deal with their perceptions of the attitudes of individuals they interacted with, which resulted in feeling of inferiority and lowered self-esteem. The students also identified obstacles in the environment which hindered integration. CONCLUSIONS: The students reported significant positive changes in their attitudes towards persons with disabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Gender differences in autobiographical memory styles of older adults.

Older adults provided oral life histories in a semi-structured interview format. The transcribed narratives were coded for the presence of specific, one-moment-in-time episodes. Participants differed systematically in the degree to which their narratives were marked by descriptions of specific events. Women's memory styles were markedly more specific or episodic than were men's styles. Participants' ratings of the ways that they use memory in daily life suggest that women place a greater value on purposeful reminiscence than do men.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accounts from the field: a public relations perspective on global AIDS/HIV.

This study is a theoretical as well as empirical exploration of the power and cultural differentials that mark and construct various intersecting discourses, specifically media discourse, on global AIDS/HIV. It applies the language and concepts of public relations to understand how the press coverage of the pandemic is associated with the variables that impact the newsmaking process as well as the public and policy implications of macro news frames generated over time. Theoretical work in the areas of agenda setting and news framing also instruct the conceptual framework of this analysis. Narrative analysis is used as a methodology to qualitatively analyze three pools of accounts-from people either living with AIDS/HIV, involved in AIDS/HIV work, or discursively engaged in the media construction of the pandemic; from transnational wire service journalists who cover the issue at global and regional levels; and policy shapers and communicators who are active at the global level. These three communities of respondents represent important stakeholders in the AIDS/HIV issue. The findings are analyzed from a public relations standpoint. Perhaps the most important finding of this study is that the public relations approaches used to address AIDS/HIV related issues need to be grounded in context-specific research and communicative practices that bring out the lived realities of AIDS/HIV at grassroots levels. The findings also posit that those situated at critical junctions between various stakeholders need to cultivate a finely balanced understanding of the etic and emic intersections and subjectivities of global/local AIDS/HIV.

Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Treatment, custody, support: an exploratory qualitative dialogue to map the ethics of interagency co-operation in hospital emergency departments in the UK and the Netherlands.

Interviews with senior professionals in accident and emergency (A&E) healthcare, policing and social services to map the ethical dimensions of interagency collaboration suggest that the main ethical themes for systematic research are information sharing and confidentiality, consent, professional values and autonomy, human rights, formal (organisational) accountability, staff safety and public interest collaboration. An emerging specific issue is the extent of A&E disclosure to the police and to the social services and its legal and ethical parameters.

Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Primary care nurse practitioners and the interface with secondary care: a qualitative study of referral practice.

In the United Kingdom nurse practitioners are assuming responsibilities traditionally considered to be within the domain of general practitioners. Important amongst these is the referral of patients to medical consultants in secondary care, a responsibility commonly associated with the general practitioner's role as 'gatekeeper' to health care. This paper describes a study designed to identify issues raised by the challenge that a developing nursing role presents to interprofessional working at the interface between primary and secondary care. When invited to comment, study participants (nurse practitioners, nurse educators, medical consultants and general practice registrars) related nursing referrals to issues associated with professional boundary changes, namely: teamwork, regulation of practice, communication, professional conflict and professional relationships. This paper discusses the views of primary and secondary care practitioners about who should take responsibility for the referral of patients in the light of concerns raised about professional competence and accountability. Individual nurse practitioners and their colleagues have found pragmatic ways to manage their work however, although UK government policy supports development of advanced clinical nursing, there remains much work to be done to provide the professional and legal infrastructure to support the role.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Losing a M.A.S.H.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anecdotes as Topic↗