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PubMed1985

Cysticercosis in Los Angeles County.

Four hundred ninety-seven patients were identified as having been treated for cysticercosis at four hospitals in Los Angeles during the 11-year period 1973 through 1983. Eleven deaths were recorded. Over 90% of these patients were Hispanics in productive age groups; the majority were Mexican by nationality. Hospitalizations were generally short, and readmissions for recurrence of symptoms or complications of therapy occurred in only 14% of patients. Cysticercosis was diagnosed in 12 US citizens who had no history of travel to countries considered traditionally endemic for Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis. A dramatic rise in numbers of cases was observed after 1977, appearing to plateau at approximately 80 cases per year in 1981. The increase in cases beginning in 1977 coincided with the introduction of the computed tomographic scan.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Course of cerebral cysticercosis].

In the light of 4 cases of cerebral cysticercosis observed in the period 1970-1976 in Zabrze the authors call attention to the possibility of a very long, lasting even tens of years, time period preceding development of intracranial hypertension and to the diagnostic difficulties in this period. If immunological reactions are negative and the cerebrospinal fluid is normal, presence of calcified cysts in skeletal muscles visible on radiograms may be helpful. An uncertain syndrome of cerebral manifestations in a patient with occupational exposure (butchers) requires ruling out of cysticercosis. Three of these patients were butchers. In 2 plain radiograms showed calcified cysticerci in the muscles, in one they were present in the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Neurological and related manifestations of cysticercosis.

Neurological and related manifestations of 17 cases of human cysticercosis have been reported. The cases have been grouped into convulsive disorder (6 cases), meningo-encephalitis (4 cases), pseudo-tumour syndrome (2 cases), psychiatric disease (2 cases), ocular cysticercosis (2 cases) and pseudomuscular hypertrophy (1 case) which proves the varied clinical manifestations of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in cysticercosis of the central nervous system.

Investigation on the behavior of immunoglobulins IGG, IGA and IGM in the CSF, in cases of cysticercosis of the CNS, based on data pertaining to two different series of cases. The first series comprises 30 samples of CSF, and the second one, 5 samples. It was demonstrated that IGG is the one representing the largest contingent. IGG concentration keeps in proportion with the gamma globulin concentration, of which it represented an 88% average in the cases studied. Participation of IGG in the protein profile of the CSF is greater than the usually referred; the results for the material analyzed showed 16%. It was verified a proporcionality also between IGG concentration and the titer of positive complement fixation test for cysticercosis; there is a positive correlation, whose numerical expression was found to be significant in the samples studied.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Subcutaneous cysticercosis.

Subcutaneous cysticercosis occurred in a 34-year-old man who had multiple asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules. Surgical excision of one lesion revealed a cystic structure with a fibrous capsule that embraced a pork tapeworm larva (Cysticercus cellulosae). Such esoteric afflictions as cysticercosis may be seen with increasing frequency in an age of accelerated international travel.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Subcutaneous and cerebral cysticercosis treated with praziquantel.

Subcutaneous and cerebral cysticercosis, the latter visualized in computer tomography, occurred in a 38 year-old Filipina who had multiple asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules and headache. Treatment with praziquantel was given at 35 mg/day for 10 days, dexamethasone and carbamazepine were also given to reduce side effects. Three months after praziquantel therapy most of the subcutaneous nodules, the headache and the intracranial lesion disappeared and at 9 months 23 of the original 26 subcutaneous nodules had disappeared. Computer tomography is a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis and follow up of cerebral cysticercosis and praziquantel was found to be very effective in the treatment of the parasitoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cerebral cysticercosis: surgical considerations.

Cerebral cysticercosis is no longer an uncommon disease in areas such as Southern California to which there is extensive travel and immigration from adjoining areas in which the disease is endemic. The diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis should be entertained in patients from such an endemic area when they present with neurological symptoms and characteristic CT findings. There is no specific or definitive therapy for the disease; treatment should be directed at alleviating its manifestations. We recommend surgical consideration in those patients with hydrocephalus, intraventricular cysts, solitary cysts producing uncontrolled seizures, and solitary cysts producing significant mass lesion effect.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1978

[Cerebral cysticercosis. About two cases of brain localisation (author's transl)].

The authors report 2 cases of brain localisation of cysticercosis due to Cysticercus cellulosae. In both cases epilepsy was found but only later was its origin proved by the finding of characteristic ellipsoidal calcifications of cysticerci on the roentgenogram. The authors also recall the various possible symptoms ; insist on the fact that early positive diagnosis is difficult and that the mode of treatment by surgery is exceptional. Though cysticercosis is rare in France, it should be remembered when a diagnosis of epilepsy is made and no apparent cause is found : further research of etiology should thus be made in such cases.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Contribution to the knowledge of the reliability of some serological tests in detecting spontaneous bovine cysticercosis.

A total of 110 bulls coming from a farm where cysticercosis repeatedly occurred were examined by means of indirect haemagglutination (IHA), microprecipitation in agar (MPA), and indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFR). Cysticercosis (isolated cysts with live or dead cysticerci) was detected in 29 of them at post-mortem examination. Among the 29 infected animals, positive reactions were obtained in 37.9% with IHA, 51.7% with MPA and 10.3% with IFR. The remaining animals were negative. Of 82 animals giving negative reactions with IHA, 22% harboured cysticerci at post-mortem examination. Of 70 animals negative with MPA, 20% were infected with cysticerci and of 71 animals negative with IFR, 29.5% were positive at the slaughter. Consequently, none of the used serological methods is reliable for the detection of a very light spontaneous infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Epizootiology of bovine cysticercosis in the Jindrichuv Hradec District].

The results of the study of the epidemiology and epizootology of Taenia saginata in the Jindrichův Hradec district indicate that this tapeworm species has adapted successfully to anthropogenic conditions. Mass occurrence of bovine cysticercosis, coming from a limited source, was observed in the Jindrichův Hradec district. Our of the 907 employees of one farm, T. saginata was found in two workers engaged in animal production and in one person working in crop production. Their recovery resulted in the eradication of cysticercosis in the cattle kept on that farm; before eradication the disease was responsible for losses of several hundreds of thousands of crowns.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in five patients with cerebral cysticercosis.

Cerebral cysticercosis from Taenia solium infection is a common disease in Central American countries but an infrequent one in the United States. We report distinctive cellular findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and attendant clinical features in five patients from Central America. The patients' histories showed variable previous parasitic infestations; their neurologic symptoms and signs usually were nonfocal. Routine examination of CSF of the five patients revealed elevated leukocyte counts, but eosinophilia was found in only two. Three of the CSFs showed marked pleocytosis, high variability and atypia, indicating possible lymphoma of the central nervous system. No hooklets or other structures associated with parasitic invasion were identified. The clinical findings, together with the cellular pleomorphism in CSF, generally suggested an inflammatory lesion rather than lymphoma. In cerebral cysticercosis, confirmation of diagnosis requires proof of the etiologic agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnosis of cysticercosis using the intradermal test].

56 healthy rabbits were inoculated with the active Cysticercus each into lateral ventricle of the brain, the white substance of the brain and into Spatium subarachnoideale. Rabbits were killed after 32 weeks p.i. Then their brains were macro- ev. microscopically investigated. The positive seroreactions (ringpreciptitation reaction and the latex-test) were observed at the beginning of the second week after infection. Curve of the titers was revealed two tops: first one between 6-7 weeks, second one 16-22 weeks after infection. All rabbits except one reacted positive on the application of the Cysticercus antigen. The control group consisted of the 8 rabbits revealed negative serological and immunological reactions. Three groups of the cerebral cysticercosis, dependent on the localization of the cysticerci in the brains, were observed: oedema form, hydrocephalous form and tumor form. These forms as well as the symptoms are similar to the human cerebral cysticercosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cysticercosis in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Six new cases of cysticercosis and three previously reported cases in Surabaya have been examined in order to determine the age, sex, religion, sites of location and size of cyst. The host response was also discussed. A comparative study was also conducted with other centres in Indonesia. The relative high prevalence of cysticercosis in Bali and the probable influencing factors was also presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Burns and epileptic fits associated with cysticercosis in mountain people of Irian Jaya.

The number of patients with burns, admitted to the hospital in Enarotali, Central highlands of Irian Jaya, New Guinea, Indonesia, markedly increased during the last years. Before 1973 only a few cases were hospitalized whereas from 1973 to 1976 157 cases were admitted. Most of the burns (74.5%) were classified as third and fourth degree burns. Clinical observation and stool examination revealed epileptic seizures, cysticercus-nodules and eggs or proglottids of Taenia in respectively 62.8%, 33.1% and 16.6% of the cases with burns. Among infants, burns were not associated with clinical manifestations of cerebral cysticercosis. In the age group of over 11 years 88 out of 121 cases had epileptic seizures before or during hospitalization. It is assumed that the increasing number of burns during the last years is caused by the high prevalence of cerebral cysticercosis.

Burns↗
PubMed1995

[Cysticercosis: a frequent and redoubtable parasitic disease].

Cysticercosis is due to development of the larval form of Taenia solium, Cysticercus cellulosae in human tissue. It is widespread in developing countries especially in rural areas where it is endemic. Larval invasion of the central nervous system constitutes a dreadful complication. The incidence of this worldwide disease is underestimated in French-speaking Black Africa; the Indian ocean region has one of the highest incidences with Madagascar reporting a seroprevalence of 18% in 1994. It is estimated that 50 million people are infected in the world with 50,000 deaths a year. "Taenia solium carriers" play a major role in transmitting the disease to their immediate entourage even if the initial contamination of the carrier was due to infestation of pork. A wide range of epileptic manifestations can and often do constitute the first signs of neurocysticercosis which has been estimated to be the cause of epilepsy in two thirds of cases. This fact explains the numerous neuro-epidemiologic studies have been undertaken. In industrialized countries computeur tomodensitometry and magnetic resonance imaging are widely used for diagnosis and follow-up but immunologic diagnosis is most common in developing countries since medical imaging techniques are generally unavailable. The immuno-enzymatic method provides a basis for suspicion of infection and immuno-electrotranfer-blot allows diagnosis of progression of the disease to a stage at which cestocide treatment is active. New agents against cysticercoids that can circulate in the central nervous system (praziquantel, albendazole) have greatly improved the prognosis of neurocysticercosis. Massive single-dose treatment with praziquantel is especially useful in developing countries since taeniasis is rarely diagnosed in Taenia solium carriers. Persistent efforts to prevent contamination of pork have eradicated the infection in industrialized countries and diminished seroprevalence in others (Reunion Island). Cysticercosis is a major public health problem in developing countries. Systematic detection of the hotbeds and application of adequate control measures are needed.

Africa↗
PubMed1995

Hepatic cysticercosis. Report of an unusual case.

We report a case of hepatic cysticercosis in a 62-year-old man who had been diagnosed with a colonic adenocarcinoma 9 years previously. Additional clinical studies failed to show disease in the soft tissues, brain, orbit and heart. The patient was successfully treated with a course of praziquantel and prednisone and is alive and well 28 months after diagnosis. This is the first reported case of hepatic cysticercosis that has resulted in significant morbidity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

A role for 17-beta-estradiol in immunoendocrine regulation of murine cysticercosis (Taenia crassiceps).

In experimental murine cysticercosis caused by Taenia crassiceps, parasite reproduction is favored by thymectomy or by orchidectomy, and restricted by ovariectomy. Hormonal reconstitution experiments showed that 17-beta-estradiol increases parasite numbers whereas 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone was ineffective. Parasite numbers decreased with increments in cellular immunity but were insensitive to antibody levels. A possible immunoendocrinological interaction involving estrogen as a depressor of cellular immunity is envisaged in the control of cysticercosis.

Animals↗