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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[An epidemiologic study on an outbreak of measles in a particular group of infants].

An outbreak of measles broke out and prevailed in the Beijing Children Welfare House from March 23rd to April 27th, 1992. The 18 victims accounted for 4.8% of the whole infant population in the Welfare House, 11 of them being babies of less than 8 months. One third of the attacked babies were in bad condition and were hospitalized in the observation room. The clinical manifestations indicated that severe symptoms, more complications but favourable prognosis were characteristic of the infant patients. Based on the epidemiologic study and serological test, it was found that the outbreak and spread of the measles originated from outside the Welfare House. It was also found that the vaccinated handicapped infants exposed to natural measles were highly protected. This investigation leads to the conclusion that the cause of this measles outbreak was laid to the vacancy of planning immunization and the existence of a large number of non-protected babies.

Child, Institutionalized↗
PubMed1993

[Alcohol drinking in parents and its relation with intellectual score of their children].

Among children living in orphanages of the Metropolitan Region, the paternal alcohol ingestion patterns were investigated. According to abnormal parental alcohol ingestion, a sample of 291 children was studied, of whom 32% were living in simple protection homes for infants with normal intellectual coefficient and 52% in homes for mentally retarded boys. There was a higher frequency and intensity of abnormal alcohol ingestion among parents of infants living in homes for the mentally retarded. Among these, 29% of mothers were illiterate and 11% had incomplete primary school education compared to mothers of simple protection homes in whom the frequency of illiteracy was 10% and of incomplete primary education, 50%. Twenty percent of fathers of children living in homes for the mentally retarded were unemployed, 16% had occasional jobs and 11% had a stable work; these numbers were 11, 30 and 15% respectively for fathers of simple protection homes. Among infants living in homes for the mentally retarded, undernutrition was found in 44%, growth retardation in 51% and microcephaly in 34% compared to 33, 30 and 11% in children living in simple protection homes. Sixteen percent of the sample had fetal alcohol syndrome, 24% among those living in homes for the mentally retarded and 12% in simple protection homes. There was an inverse relationship between offspring intellectual coefficient and the number of drinking parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A clinical study of severely mental and motor retarded children].

From 1986 to 1992, we examined 73 patients with severely mental and motor retardation. The onset age of 82% of the patients was less than one year. The number of patients was 29 and 54, in 1986 and 1992, respectively. The etiology for 48 patients was congenital or neonatal diseases. All patients were unable to eat by themselves. Tracheotomy was made on ten cases. Eight patients were on home oxygen therapy. Twenty-one patients had the history of mechanical ventilation. Sixty-three patients had the history of hospitalization and their total number of hospitalization was 343. About a half of hospitalizations was for respiratory disturbance. The number of cases with long term hospitalization recently increased. Ten patients died, only one patient died of pneumonia. Unexpected sudden death occurred in three patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Tuberculosis in children and adolescents in orphanage and boarding schools and optimization of its prevention].

Clinical examinations and follow-up were conducted in 1641 children and adolescents at risk of tuberculosis infection. Of them, 701 examinees attended children's homes and boarding schools, 940 controls went to kindergartens and secondary schools. The trial revealed that the test group children and adolescents are at much higher risk to develop tuberculosis than controls. Primary infection and the disease were recorded in them 8.5 and 1.8 times more frequently, respectively. These facts urge compulsory introduction in children's homes and boarding schools as the foci of minor bacterial dissemination of the whole complex of antituberculosis measures, tuberculin diagnosis twice a year and isoniazid chemoprophylaxis, particularly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The characteristics of the mental development of young orphan children].

The peculiarities of the development of 45 orphan children who were bringing up in one Moscow's "baby's home" in early age from birth till first 3.5 years had been analysed. The "orphan syndrome" which was characterized by both alteration in affective background of personality and para-autistic appearance of deprivation character had been described. The article emphasized that the conditions of ordinary bringing up which were formed on the basis of standard crèche and kindergarten programmes for normal children were insufficient for orphan children in "baby's home". Deprivation psychopathological manifestations in orphan children must to attract attention of psychiatrists as well as psychologists toward the necessity of correction and prophylaxis of these disturbances with their direction on the softening of maternal deprivation consequences.

Child Development↗
PubMed1996

Hepatitis B infection in black children from residential care facilities in KwaZulu-Natal. Implications for adoption and foster care.

OBJECTIVES: A study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in selected residential child care facilities in Natal. DESIGN: All residents at three facilities in the Durban and Pietermaritzburg areas of KwaZulu-Natal were tested for markers of hepatitis B infection as part of a broader health status assessment. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-five children between the ages of 3 and 194 months (78 +/- 47) were studied. Overall 66.2% of children had evidence of past exposure to hepatitis B virus. Of these 14.9% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, 13.3% for hepatitis B e antigen, 47.7% for hepatitis B surface antibody and 59.5% for hepatitis B core antibody. Relative rates of infection increased with age from 18.2%, 20% and 27.8% in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of life respectively to 72.2% and 88.2% in the 4th and 5th years of life. Relative rates of infection increased with duration of stay from 40% by the end of the 1st year to 100% by the end of the 5th year. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated a very high rate of infection with hepatitis B virus and a high prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenaemia in residential care facilities. It has also shown that the infection is horizontally transmitted within these facilities, that infection increases with duration of stay, that there is a dramatic increase in infection rates after the 3rd year of life, that the highest carrier rates are occurring in children between the ages of 2 and 4 years, and that the vast majority of carriers are highly infectious. These children are not only at risk themselves for the long-term complications of this disease but also constitute an important reservoir of hepatitis B infection within the larger community. There is an urgent need for uniform national guidelines for the screening and management of children in residential care facilities and children being prepared for adoption or foster care. There is also a need for a wider investigation into conditions at residential care facilities previously designated for black children in this country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Health of children adopted from the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Comparison with preadoptive medical records.

CONTEXT: Children born in the countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe are now a main source of international adoptions in the United States, but often little information is available about these children prior to adoption. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the preadoptive medical reports of children adopted from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and to compare these reports with their evaluations after arrival in the United States. DESIGN: Case series. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: A total of 56 children adopted from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union were evaluated in 2 international adoption clinics. Preadoptive medical records were available for 47 of these children. RESULTS: There were 43 (91%) of 47 medical reports available from the children's birth countries that included multiple unfamiliar neurologic diagnoses. Evaluations in the International Adoption Clinics frequently revealed growth delays (zscore < or = -1 for weight in 44% of children, height in 68%, and head circumference in 43%). Children had 1 month of linear growth lag for every 5 months in an orphanage (r=-0.48, P<.001). Developmental delays were also common (gross motor delays in 70% of children, fine motor in 82%, language in 59%, and social-emotional in 53%). While serious medical problems were found or corroborated in 11 (20%) of the 56 children evaluated in our clinics, neurologic diagnoses cited in preadoptive medical reports were not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Preadoptive medical records from these international adoptees included multiple diagnoses suggesting severe neurologic impairment. Although these diagnoses were not confirmed when the children were evaluated in the United States, substantial growth and developmental delays were identified.

Adoption↗