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PubMed2002

Transthoracic defibrillation of short-lasting ventricular fibrillation: a randomised trial for comparison of the efficacy of low-energy biphasic rectilinear and monophasic damped sine shocks.

BACKGROUND: Biphasic rectilinear shocks are more effective than monophasic shocks for transthoracic atrial defibrillation and for ventricular arrhythmias during electrophysiological testing. We undertook the present study to compare the efficacy of 100 J rectilinear biphasic waveform shocks with 150 J monophasic damped sine waveform shocks for transthoracic defibrillation of true ventricular fibrillation during defibrillation threshold testing (DFT). The second aim of the study was to analyse the influence of patch positions on the efficacy of defibrillation. METHODS: 50 episodes of 14 patients (age ranging from 37 to 82 years) who underwent DFT testing were randomised for back-up shocks with either a sequence of 100 and 200 J biphasic waveform, or a sequence of 150 and 360 J conventional monophasic shocks. A binary search protocol was used at implantation and before hospital discharge. Patients were also randomised to an anteroposterior position versus a right-anterior-apical position. A crossover was performed between implantation and pre-hospital discharge for biphasic versus monophasic sequence as well as for the 2 different positions. RESULTS: After failed internal shocks, 27 episodes were treated with biphasic, and 23 with monophasic shocks. The first attempt by the external device did not terminate II episodes (2 biphasic, 9 monophasic). The first shock efficacy was significantly greater with biphasic than with monophasic shocks (p < 0.02). The overall success rate was 93% with biphasic shocks and 64% with monophasic shocks. In multivariate regression analysis including patch position, arrhythmia duration, type of waveform, testing order and session, only waveform was associated with successful defibrillation (p < 0.02). CONCLUSION: For transthoracic defibrillation of ventricular fibrillation, low-energy rectilinear biphasic shocks are more effective than monophasic shocks. The position of the defibrillation shock pads has no influence on the biphasic shock efficacy, but anteroposterior pad position is more effective using monophasic shocks.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Results of damped-rotation tests in brain damaged infants and children.

We studied the relation between vestibular functions and neurological diagnosis in 477 brain damaged infants and children who had delayed gross motor functions. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 319 infants with cerebral palsy in the first year of life, and Group 2 consisted of 158 brain damaged children up to 4 years of age. The damped-rotation test was used to evaluate vestibular function and the number of perrotatory nystagmus were measured. In Group 1 there were 24 infants with no vestibular responses, including two who were deaf. Five of those in Group 1 showed no responses at the first year of life but normal responses as they developed. In Group 2, all had normal vestibular responses. These results show that the incidence of no vestibular response is very high in infants with spastic cerebral palsy.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

A comparison of energy expenditure by a high level trans-femoral amputee using the Intelligent Prosthesis and conventionally damped prosthetic limbs.

Comparisons were made between the Intelligent Prosthesis (IP), Mauch and pneumatic swing phase control damping systems on the same prosthesis worn by a high level trans-femoral amputee. Speeds self selected by corridor walking (4.4-5.5 kmh-1) proved not to be sustainable for treadmill walking. Comfortable speeds were attained when the subject walked on a treadmill at 2.0, 2.6 and 3.2 kmh-1 in two tests for each prosthesis type. Oxygen uptake (VO2), cadence and heart rate were measured over 5 minute walks interspersed with rest periods. Spearman's correlation was used to test for differences between prosthesis types at each speed. At the two slower speeds no significant difference was found, but at the higher speed of 3.2 kmh-1, the IP was associated with a significantly lower VO2 (p < 0.05). A two way analysis of variance with replication (ANOVA) demonstrated a significant difference between VO2 for different limb types (p = 0.015). A square law function was fitted to the mean VO2 for each prosthesis type by the method of least squares regression. ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference between velocity coefficients for the different prosthesis types (p < 0.05). Cadence was almost constant during the period of each walk, varying by 1 step min-1 at most. However the test-retest differences in cadence were considerable. It is concluded that there was little difference in energy expenditure between prosthesis types at slower speeds, but at higher speeds (==> 3.2km h-1) the IP gave a lower oxygen uptake by about 10%.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Selective alkylation of rat urinary bladder muscarinic receptors with 4-DAMP mustard reveals a contractile function for the M2 muscarinic receptor.

Our previous data indicate that M3 muscarinic receptors mediate carbachol induced bladder contractions. The data presented here were obtained by selective alkylation of M3 receptors with 4-DAMP mustard and suggest that the M2 receptor subtype may be involved in inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptor induced relaxation, therefore, allowing recontraction. Alkylation resulted in 85% of M3 receptors and 65% of M2 receptors unable to bind radioligand as demonstrated by subtype selective immunoprecipitation. Rat bladder strips subjected to our alkylation procedure contracted submaximally, and direct carbachol contractions were inhibited by antagonists with affinities consistent with M3 receptor mediated contraction. In contrast, the affinities of antagonists for inhibition of carbachol induced recontractions following isoproterenol stimulated relaxation in the presence of 90 mM KCl, indicated a contractile function for the M2 receptor that was not observed in control strips. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate a possible role for the M2 subtype in bladder smooth muscle contraction.

Alkylation↗

PubMed1979

Ultrastructure of the turkey's basilar papilla and the damping elements in the scala media.

The ultrastructure of the turkey's inner ear was investigated by use of scanning and transmission electron microscopes. It was shown that hair cells of the basilar papilla are separated from each other by microvilli of the supporting cells. Organized compartments in the lower surface of the tectorial membrane of the turkey are arranged in polarized fashion as are the hair bundles. Kinocilia were not identified in the hair bundles examined in this study. Well-organized filamentous elements were observed in the cutucular plates. The continuation of these filamentous elements into the stereocilia indicates that the theory of adjustable resistor in generating cochlear potential may be closely associated with these elements. Membrane bound homogeneous material was found in the scala media between the tegmentum vasculosum and the tectorial membrane. The presence of this homogeneous damping material is believed to be essential in offsetting the sensitivity and enhancing the time resolution ability of the relatively short avian cochlea.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Clinical study of chronic renal failure with syndrome of dampness-heat due to spleen deficiency treated with Jianpi Qinghua Recipe].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Jianpi Qinghua Recipe (JPQHR) on chronic renal failure with syndrome of dampness-heat due to spleen deficiency and its mechanism. METHODS: One hundred and six patients were randomly divided into two groups: control group (53 patients treated with routine therapy) and JPQHR-treated group (53 patients treated with routine therapy and JPQHR). RESULTS: Routine therapy combined with JPQHR could improve symptoms. The serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein decreased significantly in the JPQHR-treated group as compared with those in the control group (P<0.05), while the number of erythrocyte rosette-forming cells increased significantly in the JPQHR-treated group as compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Routine therapy combined with JPQHR can significantly decrease blood lipid level and strengthen cellular immune system, so it can lower the urine protein in the early and middle stages of chronic renal failure and improve renal function.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Damping method of traction].

Damping of the system of skeletal extension with steel coil springs, ball bearing blocks and capron fishing-line was shown by the authors to be a necessity, since the routinely used "rigid" systems proved to be less effective. The authors have elaborated a new method of elimination of angular deviations of fragments and dislocations in width.

Femoral Fractures↗

PubMed1997

[Clinical and experimental study on treatment of fatty liver of phlegm-dampness stagnation type by zhiganle capsule].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Zhiganle capsule (ZGLC) in treating fatty liver of Phlegm-Dampness Stagnation type. METHODS: One hundred and forty-six patients were treated with ZGLC, the effects were observed and compared with those treated with Dongbao Gantai (DBGT,) tablets as control. The effect of ZGLC on ethionine induced hyperlipemia model rats was also observed. RESULTS: The effect of ZGLC was obviously better than those of DBGT in relieving or removing symptoms, normalizing the ultrasonic abnormal findings, lowering the serum levels of lipid and enzyme and improving hemorrheologic properties. Experimental study showed that ZGLC could reduce the blood lipids, inhibit the lipid deposition in liver. As compared with the model group, level of triglyceride in the ZGLC treatment group were much lowered (P < 0.01) and the effect was better than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: ZGLC has the effect of reducing blood triglyceride level, inhibiting lipid deposition in liver and improving hemorrheologic properties.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Chinese drugs for invigorating spleen to remove dampness, activating blood circulation to eliminate turbid in retarding progression of chronic renal failure].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Chinese drugs (CD) for invigorating Spleen to remove dampness, activating blood circulation to eliminate Turbid in retarding progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with CRF were divided into two groups randomly, 18 patients in the control group were treated with low protein diet and controlling blood pressure and 21 patients in the CD group were treated similarly with that of the control group but with additional CD. Levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood albumin (Alb), cholesterol (CH), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and hemoglobin (Hb) were checked every 2 months, and the rate of progression of CRF was estimated by slope of the creatinine reciprocal (1/SCr) with time (month). RESULTS: Levels of SCr and BUN in the CD group were significantly lower and HDL markedly higher than those in the control group, P < 0.05. Mean slopes of the creatinine reciprocal with time in the two groups was significantly different, P < 0.01. CONCLUSION: Additional CD treatment based upon the protein diet and controlling blood pressure could retard the progression process of CRF evidently.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Damping-off in conifer seedling nurseries in Noshahr and Kelardasht.

To study the damping-off of conifer seedlings, we have collected samples from the roots of conifer seedlings (Pinus nigra, Picea excelsa, Abieces spp, Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus sempervirens) from nurseries in the south of Iran (Noshahr and Kelardasht). After disinfecting the samples, we have used standard media like PDA, MA and CLA. The following fungi were identified: Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sambucinum, Clamydosporium, Rhizoctonia solani, Cylindrocarpon spp., Alternaria spp, Macrophomina phaseoli. Amongst the above mentioned fungi, Fusarium spp. were the commonest ones. Pathogenecity tests of Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani on seedlings were done. Isolated fungal colonies were purified using single mycelium and single spore methods. Fungal isolates were identified after subculturing on PDA and CLA media by Nelson method. These isolates were Fusarium solani, F. oxysporium, F. sambucinum and F. clamydosporum. Other fungal isolates were Rhizoctonia spp. In order to determine the infectivity of Fusarium on their hosts, seeds of Pinus nigra, Cupressus arizonica and Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis were cultured in four repetitions each containing 2 seedlings. After a seasonal growth, seedlings were inoculated with a suspension of Fusarium spores (4.5 +/- 0.3 x 1016 spore/ml). Infection of P. nigra, Cupressus arizonica and Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis with F. solani and Pinus nigra and Cupressus semperivirens var. horizontalis with F. oxysporum was high whereas that of Cupressus arizonica with F. sambucinum, F. mondiforme and F. clamydosporum was moderate.

Abies↗

PubMed2003

Impulse response due to jumping on shoes of various stiffness and damping.

The human body is a dynamic system with dynamic behaviour. Linear and nonlinear models of a standing human are investigated. The models simulated the body by 15-lumped masses connected by springs and dampers. A square wave impulse input is applied at the shoes and the lumbar spine response is presented as an example. The results show that the mechanical response is affected by the kind of representation (linear or nonlinear model) and the shoes stiffness and damping coefficients.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed2001

Integrated biological and chemical control of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani using Bacillus subtilis RB14-C and flutolanil.

Bacillus subtilis RB14-C was isolated as a potential biological agent to control the occurrence of various plant diseases. Integrated control of damping-off in tomato plants caused by Rhizoctonia solani was carried out in pots using B. subtilis RB14-C and chemical pesticide, flutolanil. The growth of RB14-C was the same in both the flutolanil-containing and the flutolanil-free media, indicating the resistance of RB14-C to flutolanil. Although the productivity of surfactin decreased to one-third in the flutolanil-containing medium, compared with that in the flutolanil-free medium, the productivity of iturin A which is mainly associated with the suppressive ability of RB14-C against plant pathogens was unaffected. The integration of RB14-C and flutolanil reduced the amount of flutolanil used to one-fourth of that of the single use of flutolanil, with the same efficacy of reducing disease occurrence.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

[Preliminary study on intestinal flora in diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome with pi-wei dampness-heat syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of intestinal flora in diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome with Pi-wei dampness-heat syndrome (IBS-PDS). METHODS: The seven kinds of common intestinal bacteria in feces, including enteri bacillus, enterococci, saccharomycete, bifid bacteria, lactobacillus, bacteroides and peptococcus were studied in 21 patients suffered from IBS-PDS, and compared with those in 22 patients with IBS with deficiency of Pi syndrome (DPS) and 25 healthy subjects as control. RESULTS: As compared with the healthy subjects, the levels of enteri bacillus and enterococci were significantly increased (P<0.01), the levels of bifid bacteria, Lactobacillus and Peptococcus were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and saccharomycete and Bacteroides were insignificantly different in patients with PDS. As compared with patients with DPS, the levels of enteri bacillus, enterococci, bifid bacteria, Lactobacillus, Peptococcus and Bacteroidaceae were significantly increased except the level of saccharomycete. CONCLUSION: There may be alteration of intestinal flora in patients with IBS-PDS.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Identification of anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of seed rot and damping-off of bean in Iran.

Bean is one of the major crops in Iran. Seed rot and damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani is the most important disease of bean. In this research, infected roots and seedlings of beans were collected from different fields of Tehran Province. The samples were sterilized with 10% sodium hypochloride (5% stock) and incubated on PDA surface in petri-dishes. The purified fungi kept on filter paper and identified, pathogenicity test of R. solani was carried out on 2 cultivars of bean (red bean cv. Naz and white bean cv. Dehghan) and it determined. For identification of the anastomosis groups, the discs of cultured media with 5 mm. diameter of standard AG placed on one side of microscopic slides covered with water agar (2%) of 1 mm. thick and the isolates of the fungus on another side of slide about 2 cm away from each other. Experiment carried out in 4 replications. The cultures were incubated in 25 +/- 1 degrees C incubator for 24 hours, then the mycelial contact stained with lactophenol, cotton blue and hyphal anastomosis looked for under the light microscope with 10 x 40 and 10 x 100 magnifications. As a result, anastomosis groups: AG4, AG4HGII, AG2-2-2B and AG6 determined, frequency of these groups were 64, 18, 2, 16%, respectively. The group AG6 and subgroups AG4HGII and AG2-2-2B are introduced as new anastomosis groups on bean in Iran.

Colony Count, Microbial↗

PubMed2005

The causal agents of damping-off disease of buglosse from Iran.

Iran is considered a major genetic for medicinal plant in the world. Because of this significant diversity and historical background in identification and utilization to remedy human and animal diseases, export of medicinal plant can help to strengthen local as well as natural economy. Buglosse (Fig. 1) is one of the most important and common medicinal plants in Iran and exist as Echium amoneum and Borago officinalis. This work was conducted in order to identify the causal agent(s) of damping off disease in buglosse. Plant disease samples were taken from Esfahan and Tehran provinces. Symptoms on original plant including root, crown rot, dark tissue, pith and hallow root were collected in order to isolate disease agent(s). Symptomatic root and crown tissues after surface sterilization with 96% ethanol were transferred on to PDA and WA media and also on moist filter paper in petri dishes. Two fungal colonies grew from tissue segments and spore culture was subsequently purified. The fungal isolate identified as Rhizoctonia solani based on the following test. Hyphal tip was removed from colony margin placed on PDA and PSA media and incubated in dark. Colony diameter of one hundred hyphae measured and nucleus was stained according to Bandoni (1979), Kronland and Stanghellini (1988). It was observed that in each cell of hyphae there are more than two nuclei. Single spore culture were obtained from macroconidia of Fusarium isolate. After 24 hr of incubation, growing single spore were transferred to KCL medium to detect spore chains. Fungal isolates transferred to PSA and PDA media for sporulation. After 7 days colonies appeared as white cream to pinkish on top and cream to dark pink at the bottom of petri dish with abundant micro and macro conidia. Colonies were snow white, felting shape, with ample causal hyphae on PSA medium. On KCL medium, fungal growth was superficial and colonies were colorless with long macroconidia and individual sausage-shape macroconidia being thinner one side and having maximum four septa. Microconidia were long double compartment round on both side, straight to slightly curved. Base on morphology and dimension of conidia and production of chlamidospore the funguses identify as Fusarium solani.

Borago↗

PubMed2006

[Clinical observation on chronic severe hepatitis B treated by principles of cooling-blood and detoxicating combined with clearing-heat and resolving-damp or combined with strengthening-Pi and warming-yang].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic efficacy on chronic severe hepatitis B (CSH) patients of Yanghuang and Yinhuang syndrome type by principles of cooling-blood and detoxicating combined with clearing-heat and resolving dampness (PA) or with strengthening-Pi and warming-yang (PB), respectively. METHODS: Forty-three patients with CSH were randomly divided into two groups, group A (22 cases) treated with PA and group B (21 cases) with PB. The therapeutic efficacy, laying stress on the effect in eliminating jaundice, was observed. RESULTS: The efficacy in group B was effective in 19 cases (90.5%), and ineffective in 2 (9.5%), while in group A, effective in 16 (72.7%) and ineffective in 6 (27.3%). Levels of TBIL and ALT were significantly lower in both groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the descending extent was greater, the thrombinogen activity was higher in group B than that in group A after treatment (P < 0.05), no significant difference in ALT was found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of PB is better than that of PA on CSH with Yanghuang and Yinghuang syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Research on relationship of syndrome type and parameters of hemorheology and platelet activation in patients with acute gout arthritis of dampness-heat blockage type and stasis-heat accumulate type].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between syndrome type and the parameters of hemorrheology and platelet activation in patients with acute gout arthritis of dampness-heat blockage (DHB) type and stasis-heat accumulation (SHA) type. METHODS: Forty patients with acute gouty arthritis were divided into 2 groups according to TCM syndrome differentiation, the DHB group (n=24) and the SHA group (n=16), and 20 healthy people were taken as the control group. Hemorrheological parameters, platelet activating factor (PAC-1) and P-selection (CD62p) in them were detected. RESULTS: Plasma viscosity, outcome of erythrocyte sedimentation and K value of its equation, levels of PAC-1 and CD62p were higher, erythrocyte electrophoresis index was significantly lower in gout patients of both types than those in the control group (all P < 0.01), and the levels of PAC-1 and CD62p in the SHA group were higher than those in the DHB group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DHB type and SHA syndrome type of acute gout arthritis are correlated with parameters of hemorrheology and platelet activation, and the different levels of these pameters showed in the two types, may be the internal factors for their genesis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Antagonism of acetylcholine action in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle and epithelium by pirenzepine, 4-DAMP and atropine.

Acetylcholine-induced guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle contraction and epithelium-derived relaxant factor release were evaluated using guinea-pig open tracheal rings and rat anococcygeus muscle bioassay to get insight into the participation of muscarinic receptor subtypes in these responses. There was a significant difference between the two pA2 values obtained in contraction and relaxation experiments for pirenzepine, but no difference was found either for atropine or for 4-DAMP. This difference seems to be due to the participation of M1-receptors in smooth muscle contraction.

Acetylcholine↗