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PubMed2004

Concurrent validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II Motor Scale and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 in children with developmental delays.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore concurrent validity of the age equivalent and standard scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II) Motor Scale and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2), including correlations and clinical agreement between the scores of the two tests. METHODS: One hundred ten children aged three to 41 months who were referred to an early childhood evaluation program because of concerns about their development were administered both the BSID II Motor Scale and the PDMS-2 as part of their developmental evaluations. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients were high to very high for age-equivalent scores, and the Locomotion Subscale had the closest agreement with the BSID II Motor Scale age equivalent. The correlation coefficients were moderate to high for standard scores, and there was only slight agreement between the tests for standard score categories. More than 75% of the 70 children in this study whose scores on the BSID II supported eligibility for services based on scores at least two SD below the mean of the test would not have qualified for services if the PDMS-2 standard scores alone were used to assess their eligibility. Approximately half the children who showed appropriate total motor performance on the PDMS-2 were classified as delayed on the BSID II Motor Scale. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports concurrent validity of the tests only for certain subscale age-equivalent scores, particularly the BSID II Motor Scale with the PDMS-2 Locomotion Subscale. The current findings suggest that the standard scores show poor agreement and have low concurrent validity. There are marked differences in the standard scores of the two tests that may affect a child's eligibility for services in some states, and therapists should be cautious when making clinical decisions based solely on standard scores of one test.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Sensory Experiences Questionnaire: discriminating sensory features in young children with autism, developmental delays, and typical development.

BACKGROUND: This study describes a new caregiver-report assessment, the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), and explicates the nature of sensory patterns of hyper- and hyporesponsiveness, their prevalence, and developmental correlates in autism relative to comparison groups. METHOD: Caregivers of 258 children in five diagnostic groups (Autism, PDD, DD/MR, Other DD, Typical) ages 5-80 months completed the SEQ. RESULTS: The SEQ's internal consistency was alpha' = .80. Prevalence of overall sensory symptoms for the Autism group was 69%. Sensory symptoms were inversely related to mental age. The Autism group had significantly higher symptoms than either the Typical or DD groups and presented with a unique pattern of response to sensory stimuli -hyporesponsiveness in both social and nonsocial contexts. A pattern of hyperresponsiveness was similar in the Autism and DD groups, but significantly greater in both clinical groups than in the Typical group. CONCLUSION: The SEQ was able to characterize sensory features in young children with autism, and differentiate their sensory patterns from comparison groups. These unique sensory patterns have etiological implications, as well as relevance for assessment and intervention practices.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Mothers' attributions of communication to prelinguistic behavior of developmentally delayed and mentally retarded infants.

Some investigators have suggested that mothers of severely handicapped infants do not attribute communication to their infants' behavior as frequently as do other mothers because such infants exhibit developmentally younger and more ambiguous behavior. This premise was tested, and several factors that may influence the frequency with which mothers attribute communication to their babies' behavior were examined. Sixteen mother-handicapped infant pairs participated. Results did not support the simple notion that mothers of severely handicapped babies attribute less communication than do mothers of mildly handicapped infants. Results suggest that the mothers' attributions of communication may be influenced by a number of factors besides the actual behavior emitted by the infants, factors that may allow the mothers to interact effectively with an even severely handicapped baby.

Adult↗