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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Glutamine-enriched intravenous feedings attenuate extracellular fluid expansion after a standard stress.

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was performed to determine the effect of glutamine (GLN)-enriched intravenous feedings on the volume and distribution of body fluids in catabolic patients. Subjects with hematologic malignancies in remission underwent a standard treatment of high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation. After completion of this regimen, they were randomized to receive either standard parenteral nutrition (STD, n = 10) or an isocaloric, isonitrogenous nutrient solution enriched with crystalline L-glutamine (0.57 g/kg/day, GLN, n = 10). Extracellular water (ECW) and total body water (TBW), determined by bromide and heavy water dilution techniques, were measured before the conditioning treatment and after termination of the intravenous feedings that were administered for 27 +/- 1 days. In addition electrical resistance (R, in ohms, omega) and reactance (Xc, omega) of the body to a weak alternating current were measured at these time points. Both study groups were comparable for age, weight, height, sex, and diagnosis. Initial TBW was highly related to electrical resistance (r = -0.93, p less than 0.001). After conditioning therapy, bone marrow infusion, and intravenous feedings, a 20% expansion in ECW was observed in the STD group (ECW: 18.0 +/- 1.1 L vs. 14.9 +/- 1.0, p = 0.012), and this fluid retention was associated with a marked decrease in electrical resistance (R: 514 +/- 28 omega vs. 558 +/- 26, p less than 0.05). In contrast the extracellular fluid compartment in patients receiving GLN-supplementation did not change (ECW: 15.8 +/- 0.9 L vs. 15.4 +/- 0.8, p = 0.49), and the body's resistance was maintained (R: 552 +/- 27 omega vs. 565 +/- 23, p = 0.42). Expansion of ECW could not be related to differences in fluid or sodium intake, or to the use of diuretics or steroids. Patients receiving the STD solution, however, exhibited a greater number of positive microbial cultures (p less than 0.01) and a higher rate of clinical infection compared with the GLN patients (5/10 vs. 0/10, p less than 0.05); the fluid expansion in infected STD patients was greater compared with uninfected individuals (delta ECW: + 5.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.5, p = 0.007). In this model of catabolic stress, fluid retention and expansion of the extracellular fluid compartment commonly observed after standard total parenteral nutrition can be attenuated by administering glutamine-supplemented intravenous feedings, possibly by protecting the host from microbial invasion and associated infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Nocturnal enuresis and diurnal changes in extracellular fluid space in childhood].

Diurnal changes of extracellular body water in enuretic (n = 8) and healthy children (n = 8) and plasma antidiuretic hormone level were examined in enuretic patients, using bioelectrical impedance analysis and radioimmunoassay. In enuretic children day/night values of extracellular space were 25.81% (10.90 l) vs 25.00% (10.52 l), with a night reduction of 3.13% (daytime 100%) (0.38 l). In controls the same parameters were 24.92% (11.88 l) vs 24.82% (11.80 l), the difference is 0.44% (0.08 l). In patients plasma antidiuretic hormone values were 2.96 pM/ml during the day and 2.70 pM/ml in the night. Results show, that in enuretic children there is a nocturnal reduction in extracellular water (p < 0.01), and the physiological nocturnal rise in antidiuretic hormone secretion in absent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Analysis of three compartments of extracellular fluid in dog.

The distribution kinetics of an extracellular volume tracer 51Cr-EDTA was analysed from the results of continuous monitoring of plasma radioactivity. 51Cr-EDTA was injected intravenously into spleno-nephrectomized dogs by a single injection, and the radioactivity of circulating blood and physiological parameters were continuously monitored for 150 min. The dilution curve of radioactivity was resolved into 4 components, and expressed as c(t) = Ae-alpha t + Be-beta t + Ce-gamma t + D. The half-times of each term were 0.51, 2.41, and 19.26 min, respectively. Based on this result, 51Cr-EDTA space was divided into 3 compartments--plasma volume (V0), rapidly diffusing interstitial fluid (V1), and slowly diffusing interstitial fluid (V2). To explain the distribution of the tracer among these fluid spaces, two possible models were proposed. In the "tandem model" the volume of each compartment was calculated as 59.2, 121.7, and 101.7 ml/kg of body weight, respectively, and the mobility index of the tracer from V0 to V1 was 5.1 times as great as that from V1 to V2. In the "parallel model" the volumes were 59.2, 72.3, and 151.1 ml/kg of body weight and the mobility index of the tracer from V0 to V1 was 3.3 times as great as that from V0 to V2. The characteristics of each model were discussed in relation to the properties of the interstitial space.

Animals↗