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Plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentrations in Rhode Island red hens averaged 72.1 +/- 6.9 pg.ml-1, range 33.4-136.0 pg.ml-1. The intravenous infusion of isotonic saline containing 3% dextran for 2 h produced no significant changes in plasma osmotic or electrolyte concentrations; however, heamatocrit changes indicated vascular expansions of 14.4% after 1 h and 21.3% after 2 h and plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentrations were elevated by 190% and 257% respectively. The intravenous infusion of chicken atrial nutriuretic factor at rates of 10, 25, 50 and 100 ng.kg-1.min-1 for 20 min produced levels of plasma atrial nutriuretic factor that were directly related to the infusion rate and which, in birds undergoing a steady-state diuresis/natriuresis driven by the intravenous infusion of isotonic saline at 1 ml.min-1, produced dose-dependent increases of 19, 26, 38 and 55% in urine flow rate and of 8, 30, 49 and 77% in sodium excretion. Potassium excretion was significantly increased only at the two highest atrial natriuretic factor infusion rates. The observed correlation between plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration and vascular volume together with the atrial natriuretic factor-induced modulation of renal salt and water elimination is consistent with the concept that in the chicken this peptide has a physiological role as a regulatory hormone in volume homeostasis.
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The present study aimed at: 1. Examination of commercial chicken and duck eggs for the possible presence of aflatoxins. 2. Study of the sex susceptibility of mature chickens when fed on ration containing aflatoxins. 3. Study of clinicopathological effects on their ovaries and testicles. In this investigation, 100 chicken and 50 duck eggs collected from markets in the vicinity of Assiut Governorate, were examined individually for the presence of aflatoxins in the whites and yolks. The study revealed that the examined eggs contained no aflatoxins. Experimentally, aflatoxin BV(8.1 ppm) and G. (1.6 ppm) were incorporated into the feed of five laying hens and five mature cooks for three weeks duration. The layers showed cessation of egg production during the whole feeding period. Histopathological examinations revealed that, the ovaries showed follicular atresia while testicles were normal. It was shown that, aflatoxicosis cause pathological changes in the chicken ovaries, which has a detrimental effect on egg production.
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Short circuit currents (Isc), resting electrical potential differences (p.d.) and resistances were measured in vitro for stripped rectal ("colonic") and coprodeal epithelia from fowls transferred to low from high NaCl diet for 1, 2, 4 or 8 days (NaCl depletion), and from birds adapted to low NaCl diet and sacrificed 8, 16 and 24 h after NaCl-loading (resalination). NaCl-depletion enhanced Isc and p.d. fully by 4 days in rectum but took 8 days in coprodeum (half times 1.2 days and 4 days respectively); rectal amino acid-sensitive Isc was abolished and amiloride-sensitive Isc was established by 4 days (half-time 1 day). Resistance changes were transient and relatively small in rectum, but coprodeal resistance decreased. Resalination reversed these changes very rapidly in both tissues (within 25-50 h; half times 10-20 h). It is concluded that responses to NaCl-depletion are mediated by aldosterone (and possibly by some other unknown agonist); responses to resalination may be due in part to suppressed aldosterone secretion and possibly to the evocation of some other controller (perhaps prolactin or corticosterone) antagonising aldosterone.
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