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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Ongoing research on mammalian cloning and embryo stem cell technologies: bioethics of their potential medical applications.

Reproduction by cloning has been achieved by transfer into enucleated oocytes of nuclei from embryonic cells and more recently from cells of adult animals. The efficiency at which embryos produced by such nuclear transfers will develop into healthy newborns is very low but has succeeded in producing some cloned bovines, ovines and mice. Since the first report of sheep cloning from an adult cell in 1997, the potential applications of reproductive cloning in human medicine have been envisaged amidst a flurry of moral debates. Although the technology is still far from being ready for any human use, it has been condemned up front. It has also led to irrational fantasies and fears, based mainly on the misconception that genetic identity means identical twin personalities. Scientific research is ongoing to refine the cloning technology for applications in the production of genetically homogeneous farm animals with useful nutritional or therapeutic genetic traits. A new area of research is non-reproductive therapeutic cloning for the purpose of producing autologous embryonic cells and tissues for transplantation.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2000

Production of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by pathway engineering: identification of a PUFA elongase component from Caenorhabditis elegans.

Using a combination of database-mining and functional characterization, we have identified a component of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) elongase. Co-expression of this elongating activity with fatty acid desaturases has allowed us to heterologously reconstitute the PUFA biosynthetic pathway. Both these enzymes (desaturases and elongase components) have undergone gene-duplication events which provide a paradigm for the diverged nature of PUFA biosynthetic activities.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed2001

Biotechnology and human rights.

Biotechnology permits our world to progress. It's a tool to better apprehend the human being, but as well to let him go ahead. Applied to the living, biotechnologies present the same finality. But since their matter concerns effectively the living, they are the sources of specific dangers and particularly of that one to use the improvements obtained on the human to modify the human species. The right of the persons has to find its place to avoid that the fundamental rights of the human personality shall undergo harm. This mission assigned to the right of the persons is as so much invaluable that the economical stakes are particularly important in the domain of the biotechnologies.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2002

The patentability of human beings: the effect of a proposed exclusion in the Patents Act 1953.

The author critically examines the debate over whether "human beings" ought to be patentable. The article outlines the choices between excluding just the patenting of whole organisms or parts of organisms. After considering New Zealand, Canadian, and European Union Patent law, the author concludes that at very least New Zealand must statutorily prevent the patenting of whole organisms.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2005

[Expression of IL-23 gene in murine colon carcinoma cells transduced with recombinant retrovirus and its anti-tumor activity].

AIM: To obtain murine colon carcinoma cell lines stably transducted by recombinant retrovirus encoding mIL-23 gene. METHODS: The retrovirus vector was used to transduce the mIL-23 gene into murine colon carcinoma cells (Colon26) and stable clones expressing mIL-23 (Colon26/IL-23) were obtained by screening with G418. The expression of mIL-23 gene was detected by PCR and RT-PCR. The amount of mIL-23 secreted from Colon26/IL-23 cells and IFN-gamma production by murine splenocytes induced by mIL-23 were determined by ELISA. MTT colorimetry was used to assess the in vitro growth of Colon26/IL-23 cells. BALB/c mice were injected s.c. with Colon26/IL-23 cells to observe their tumorigenicity. RESULTS: Colon26/IL-23 cells were set up. Colon26/IL-23 could secrete mIL-23 which could induce the IFN-gamma production by murine splenocytes. The growth of Colon26/IL-23 cells was similar to that of Colon26 cells in vitro. But the tumorigenicity of Colon26/IL-23 cells was lower than that of Colon26 cells in vivo. CONCLUSION: Colon26/IL-23 cells secreting mIL-23 were obtained and IL-23 had anti-tumor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Biotechnology for rheumatology researches].

Recent developments in biotechnology include cellular engineering and molecular engineering. In order to further investigate several aspects of rheumatic diseases, it is necessary to know and apply these new techniques. They are, for example, monoclonal antibody productions, T cell lines, T cell hybridomas, gene cloning, Southern blot, Northern blot, recombinant protein productions and PCR. Out lines of these techniques are described.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2005

Selected topics in probiotics and prebiotics: meeting report for the 2004 international scientific association for probiotics and prebiotics.

On August 29-31, 2004, 84 academic and industry scientists from 16 countries gathered in Copper Mountain, Colorado USA to discuss certain issues at the forefront of the science of probiotics and prebiotics. The format for this invitation only meeting included six featured lectures: engineering human vaginal lactobacilli to express HIV-inhibitory molecules (Peter Lee, Stanford University), programming the gut for health (Thaddeus Stappenbeck, Washington University School of Medicine), immune modulation by intestinal helminthes (Joel Weinstock, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics), hygiene as a cause of autoimmune disorders (G. A. Rook, University College London), prebiotics and bone health (Connie Weaver, Purdue University) and prebiotics and colorectal cancer risk (Ian Rowland, Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health). In addition, all participants were included in one of eight discussion groups on the topics of engineered probiotics, host-commensal bacteria communication, 'omics' technologies, hygiene and immune regulation, biomarkers for healthy people, prebiotic and probiotic applications to companion animals, development of a probiotic dossier, and physiological relevance of prebiotic activity. Brief conclusions from these discussion groups are summarized in this paper.

Animals↗