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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for neuropathic pain.

This study examined the clinical effectiveness of high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for reducing hypersensitivity of the hand. Nineteen patients suffering from hand hypersensitivity were randomly assigned into either a treatment or a placebo group. A visual analogue scale and the Downey Hand Centre Hand Sensitivity Test were used to measure the tactile tolerance of the hand. Grip strength was assessed by a grip dynamometer. Daily applications of electrical stimulation were provided for 2 weeks. Significantly lower pain scores were found in the treatment group than in the placebo group by Day 7 and Day 11. The ranking of ten dowel textures of the Downey Hand Centre Hand Sensitivity Test in the treatment group was significantly higher than in the placebo group by Day 7 and Day 11. However, no significant inter-group difference was found in grip strength.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The relationships between the degree of grasp-reflex asymmetry, grasp-reflex strength from the right and left hands, and body weight in the male and female newborn with and without familial sinistrality.

The relation of the degree of grasp-reflex asymmetry to the strength of right- and left-hand grasp-reflex strength and body weight was studied in human newborn. In the total sample (N = 103), the right minus left (R-L) reflex strength was found to be positively linearly related to the grasp-reflex strengths from the right and left hands in FS-subjects; the correlation was higher for the right hand than the left hand. In FS+ subjects (N = 17), there was not a significant correlation between R-L and right-reflex strength; left-reflex strength was found to be negatively linearly related to the R-L reflex strength. In FS- subjects, the right- and left-reflex strengths showed a positive linear correlation with body weight. In FS+ subjects, only the left-reflex showed a positive linear correlation with body weight. The R-L reflex tended to be positively correlated with body weight in FS- subjects and negatively correlated in FS+ subjects. In females (N = 58), the relation of R-L to right and left reflex was similar to that for the total sample. There was no significant correlation between grasp reflex and body weight in FS- females. In FS+ females (N = 8), there was a positive linear correlation between the right grasp-reflex and body weight; the left grasp-reflex did not show such a significant correlation. The R-L grasp-reflex strength was not correlated with body weight in females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Weight↗
PubMed1990

Manual dexterity, strength, fatigue, and perseveration: an initial test of asymmetry in cerebral activation.

50 right-handed men were evaluated on right and left hand-grip strength, fatigue, and perseveration tasks and on a finger-tapping task. Subjects were tested in combined ambient sensory conditions of bright light and noise, bright light and quiet, dim light and noise, and dim light and quiet to provide an initial test of asymmetrical activation of the hemispheres. Analysis did not support the hypothesized asymmetry in activation. However, increased fatigue and perseveration were found using the left hand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Strength and function in the normal and rheumatoid hand.

We have reevaluated the Martin vigorimeter to measure grip strength in healthy subjects, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and investigated the correlation of grip strength and hand function using the Jebsen hand function tests and Purdue pegboard test before and after treatment. The vigorimeter showed good test-retest reliability (r greater than 0.911) and interrater reliability (r greater than 0.915). Test-retest reliability was greater than 0.97 for the Jebsen test, and greater than 0.94 for the Purdue test in healthy individuals. Seventeen patients with RA were studied at intervals of 1 to 16 weeks. Active joint count and grip strength both improved significantly. Improvement in grip strength correlated with improvement in active joint count. Hand function tests were significantly impaired in the patients with RA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Performance of normal Chinese adults on grip strength test: a preliminary study.

This study investigated grip strength performance in normal Chinese adults. Grip strength of 160 Chinese subjects (80 males and 80 females) from a major metropolitan city in southern Taiwan was measured with a newly calibrated Jamar dynamometer. The subject was tested in a standing position, with shoulder adducted and neutrally rotated, elbow flexed at 90 degrees and forearm and wrist in neutral position. Subjects exerted one maximal effort with both right and left hands. Results indicate that the grip strength of Chinese males peaked within the 20 to 39 year-old group. For Chinese females, the highest grip strength score occurred in the 40 to 49 year-old age group and declined as a function of age. Males consistently had higher grip strength than females across age ranges. Finally, there was no 10% variance in grip strength from the dominant to nondominant hand for each age group of both sexes. Instead, there were 49 (31%) of all subjects who had nondominant hand strength scores that were equal to or greater than their dominant hand strength scores. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic versus static grip strength: how grip strength changes when the wrist is moved, and why dynamic grip strength may be a more functional measurement.

The synergistic relationship between wrist/forearm range of motion (ROM) and grip strength (GS) is arguably one of the most important aspects of hand function. Clinically, GS is measured with the wrist in a standardized static position, and the results of such tests have been deemed valid and reliable. The question remains, however, whether this static GS (SGS) measurement is an accurate indication of how an individual functionally grips objects--that is, most functional tasks require the fingers to grasp an object forcibly while moving the proximal joints such as the wrist and forearm. Therefore, further analysis of an individual's dynamic GS (DGS) during wrist/forearm movements may improve the clinician's understanding of hand function and provide more pertinent guidelines for assessing functional gripping, e.g., for vocational and avocational tasks and in designing workstations. The purpose of this study is twofold: to describe and assess a DGS testing device that utilizes optically encoded gyroscopes and a strain-gauge dynamometer to simultaneously measure GS and wrist/forearm position over real time; and to assess and compare grip force production differences in SGS and DGS in uninjured wrists, using this novel device. Twenty-nine uninjured wrists of men (n = 15) and women (n = 14)--age range, 21 to 43 years--were tested with the DGS device. Subjects were excluded if they had any previous wrist/forearm fracture, pain, or limitation of motion. The DGS device was designed and fabricated with two optically encoded gyroengines, a vertical gyroscope with two axes for measuring flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation, and a directional gyroscope with one axis for measuring supination/pronation, mounted on a strain-gauge dynamometer. The signals from the gyroscopes and dynamometer were processed by means of a data aquisition board and analog-to-digital circuitry and collected on a 486-MHz computer. The methods included repeated testing of each gyroscope axis to known angular measurements, and randomly assigned maximal gripping trials from the 29 subjects. The standard deviation of gyroengines is 1 degree to 2 degrees for each ROM axis. Maximal DGS is significantly less (mean 14%) than SGS, and SGS is 29% less than DGS at the same three-dimensional ROM positions. Gyroengines are feasible three-dimensional tracking devices that can be used to monitor wrist/forearm ROM in conjunction with GS.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serial evaluation of neuromuscular function in management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. A case report.

In this case report, we describe the serial evaluation of neuromuscular function of a woman with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and document the return of limb strength and hand function after plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy. The assessment of muscle strength and functional abilities by physical therapists can provide timely, objective, and quantitative information that is important to the medical management of patients with neurologic disease.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the Jamar dynamometer and the Martin vigorimeter for grip strength measurements in a healthy elderly population.

Grip strength is considered to be a good indicator of upper limb strength. The Jamar dynamometer and the Martin vigorimeter are two instruments frequently used to assess grip strength in clinical and research settings. The purpose of this study was to compare these instruments for assessing grip strength in 360 people aged 60 to 94 years, randomly selected from the electoral list. Anthropometric data were also collected. Data analyses were done using the maximum value on 3 trials with each instrument. Although the Martin vigorimeter is a pressure measure implying a dynamic movement as opposed to the static strength measure of the Jamar dynamometer, results indicate a very high correlation between the two measures. Grip strength measured by the Jamar dynamometer is even more dependent on hand anthropometry than measurements with the Martin vigorimeter.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Ileocolonic anastomosis: a comparison of the patency of stapled versus hand-sewn techniques.

This study compared strength of hand-sewn sutures to that of staples for end-to-end anastomoses of ileocolostomies in 20 mongrel dogs. In ten dogs, the authors used four applications of staples for the anastomoses. In the other ten, they performed single-layer anastomoses using 4-0 polypropylene sutures. Half the dogs were sacrificed on the third postoperative day; half were sacrificed on the fifth postoperative day. Bursting strengths were obtained by infusing air through a catheter inserted into the colon. Results showed the single-layer hand-sewn anastomosis was significantly stronger than the stapled anastomosis. In addition, a histologic comparison of the two closures showed no difference in inflammatory responses.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2003

Reduced muscle strength in abduction of the index finger: an important clinical sign in hand-arm vibration syndrome.

Muscle strength in extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscle was assessed in 21 patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome. Twenty-one age-matched healthy workers served as controls. Grip and pinch strength was significantly reduced in the vibration-exposed group (18%; p = 0.006 and 18% p = 0.007, respectively) as well as strength of palmar abduction of the thumb (28%; p < 0.0001) and radial abduction of the index finger (37%; p < 0.0001) while abduction strength in the little finger was not significantly reduced (7%). We postulate that the reduced manipulative skill and impaired dexterity of the hand, which often is associated with vibration syndrome, is not only of sensorineural origin but may also be an effect of reduced intrinsic muscle strength. Reduced strength in abduction of the index finger is an important indicator of intrinsic muscular dysfunction in subjects who use hand-held vibrating tools.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Manual muscle strength testing: intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities for the intrinsic muscles of the hand.

The reliability of manual muscle strength testing of the intrinsic muscles of the hand is reported. The muscle strengths of 28 patients who had neuropathies of the ulnar nerve or the ulnar and median nerves were graded by two physiotherapists to determine intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities. Muscle strength was graded using the numeric scale developed by the Medical Research Council (grades 0 to 5). Reliabilities were established for nine muscles or muscle groups. Intraobserver reliabilities ranged from 0.71 to 0.96 and interobserver reliabilities from 0.72 to 0.93. It is difficult to isolate, and hence grade, most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Therefore, it is suggested that specific movements be tested and graded when assessing and evaluating muscle or nerve function.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of grip strength with a sustained maximal isometric contraction for 6 and 10 seconds.

The grip strength in which subjects sustained a maximal isometric contraction for 6 seconds (the 6-second test) was compared with that for 10 seconds (the 10-second test) to clarify a reliable sustained grip strength test procedure. Fifty healthy students (22+/-4 years, 25 men and 25 women) participated in this study. Strength was measured continuously by the Dexter (Cedaron Medical Inc.). The maximal grip strength, the peak time, and the momentary strength every second during a trial were evaluated. For both tests, the reliable maximal strength and a typical strength-time curve consisting of an early peak time and a decrease in the strength after the peak gradually over time were obtained. In the 6-second test, the momentary strength after 5 seconds that was 82+/-10 approximately 87+/-7% of the peak strength showed good reliability. This variable may be effective in assessing the ability to sustain maximal grip strength.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The characteristics and determinants of maximal expiratory pressure in young, healthy, Indian males.

Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) can be used as an index of respiratory muscle strength and of the ability of an individual to cough effectively. The influence of anthropometry, nutritional status and ethnicity on MEP was studied in 113 young healthy Indian males and 53 Tibetans between 18 and 30 years of age. All subjects underwent an anthropometric assessment. Anthropometric variables (BMI, log BMI) explained only 12.5% of the variance in MEP. MEP was significantly lower in chronically undernourished subjects when compared with anthropometrically similar underweight subjects (P < 0.05). The Indian subjects had significantly lower MEP's than BMI matched Tibetan subjects (P < 0.01). This difference may have been due to the higher chest circumferences in the Tibetans (P < 0.01). While general muscle strength (maximal hand grip) and MEP were significantly correlated (r = 0.26, P < 0.01), the strength of the correlation was relatively low, suggesting that the determinants of the two measures were considerably different.

Adolescent↗