PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Injections, Jet”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Administration of hepatitis A vaccine to a military population by needle and jet injector and with hepatitis B vaccine.

Military personnel are an important target population for hepatitis A immunization. Soldiers are often given vaccines by jet injector and may be required to receive multiple vaccines at one time. Formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine containing 360 ELISA units of antigen was evaluated at Fort Campbell. Volunteers received vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months as follows: group 1, hepatitis A vaccine by needle; group 2, hepatitis A vaccine by jet injector; group 3, hepatitis B vaccine by needle; and group 4, both hepatitis vaccines by needle in separate arms. Immune response and reactogenicity were evaluated. After two doses, recipients of vaccine administered by jet injector had a higher prevalence of antibody than those who received vaccine by needle (93% vs. 79%). By the 8th month, the vaccine was 100% immunogenic by either route or with hepatitis B vaccine. No interaction between hepatitis A and B vaccines was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Exit jet particle velocity in the in vivo canine laryngeal model with variable nerve stimulation.

This study extends previous work on exit jet particle velocity in the in vivo canine model of phonation by measuring air particle velocity at multiple locations in the midline of the glottis and across multiple levels of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) stimulation. In a second experiment, exit jet particle velocity was measured at midline and offmidline positions with constant levels of RLN and SLN stimulation. In this study, peak particle velocity was higher at the anterior commissure than at the posterior commissure in the midline of the glottis, and peak particle velocity was higher at the midline than at offmidline positions. In addition, increasing levels of RLN stimulation resulted in increasing peak particle velocity; however, increasing levels of SLN stimulation failed to produce a uniform effect on peak particle velocity.

Air↗
PubMed1975

Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica treated by jet injector.

A Porto-jet injector was employed to treat forty-five cases of granuloma annulare and five cases of necrobiosis lipoidica with triamcinolone acetonide or sterile normal saline. Complete clearance of granuloma annulare lesions was achieved in nearly 70% of those receiving triamcinolone and in 44% with saline. Inadequate penetration of lesions was responsible for a number of failures. The rate of recurrence after treatment was high but retreatment was usually successful. In three cases of necrobiosis lipoidica complete resolution occurred, while in one, partial improvement was obtained. No serious complications of this type of treatment were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Possibility of using jet injector BI-3 to administer gamma globulin].

Various forms of interaction between diphtheria exotoxin and the continuous L and HeLa cell lines were revealed, depending on its doses: toxic, subtoxic and small (following the subtoxic dose). Cells of the same origin, treated with these doses, develop similar changes in some of their properties, differing only in their "survival" time, the period of adaptation and the time of entering the phase of active proliferation. The systems of cells, having simultaneously low susceptibility to infection with some RNA-containing viruses (L cells with low susceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus and HeLa cells with low susceptibility to Coxsackie B5 virus) and high susceptibility to repeated treatment with diphtheria exotoxin, hve been obtained.

Hepatitis A↗
PubMed2000

Direct effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on serotonin or dopamine release and uptake in the caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the dorsal raphé nucleus slices.

We examined the effects of pressure ejected 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) from a micropipette on direct chemically stimulated release, and on electrically stimulated serotonin (5-HT) or dopamine (DA) release in the caudate putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens (NAc), substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN) brain slices of rat, using fast cyclic voltammetry (FCV). MDMA is electroactive, oxidising at +1100 mV. When the anodic input waveform was reduced from +1.4 to +1.0 volt, MDMA was not electroactive. Using this waveform, pressure ejection of MDMA did not release 5-HT or DA in brain slices prepared from any of the nuclei studied. MDMA significantly potentiated electrically stimulated 5-HT release in the SNr and DA release in CPu. In the DRN or in the NAc, MDMA was without effect on peak electrically stimulated 5-HT or DA release. The rates of neurotransmitter uptake, expressed as t(1/2), were in all cases significantly decreased after MDMA. The results indicate that MDMA, unlike (+)amphetamine, is not as a releaser of DA or 5-HT, it is a potent inhibitor of both DA and 5-HT uptake.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed2000

Fast functional MRA using time-resolved projection MR angiography with correlation analysis.

Most recently, time-resolved 2D MRA after injection of a contrast agent bolus for various applications has been proposed. Similar to conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA), 2D MR DSA offers the ability to observe the dilution of the bolus in the vascular system during the passage with a temporal resolution considerably below 1 sec. The purpose of this paper is to present strategies to improve the inherent low signal-to-noise ratio of 2D angiograms while retaining some temporal resolution. This can be achieved by applying algorithms for time series analysis as used in functional MRI. The significantly improved image quality is demonstrated on examples from clinical studies from bronchial MRA as well as cardiovascular MRA. In addition to the increased signal-to-noise ratio, correlation analysis leads to suppression of background signals and to a better discrimination of overlapping vessels. Further improvements in the temporal discrimination of vessels is afforded by the use of consecutive multiple contrast agent boli as demonstrated by numerical simulations and experiments.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacokinetics of HI-6 and atropine in anaesthetized pigs after administration by a new autoinjector.

A newly developed autoinjector (Astra Tech, Sweden) containing 500 mg HI-6 and 2 mg atropine sulphate was tested in anaesthetized normal pigs. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs after administration by the autoinjector were compared with those after conventional needle and syringe delivery intramuscularly and intravenously. Cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored and serum concentrations of oxime, atropine, and acetylcholinesterase were determined in blood samples taken at intervals over a 6 h period postinjection. After injection in anaesthetized pigs, both HI-6 and atropine were absorbed rapidly and completely from the injection site. Therapeutic serum concentrations of HI-6, arbitrarily taken as 4 micrograms mL-1, were reached within 1 min of intravenous and autoinjector administration, and within 5 min of intramuscular injection. The concentrations remained above this level for 3-4 h. There were no significant changes in acetylcholinesterase activity, mean arterial blood pressure, or respiration frequency after injection of HI-6 and atropine sulphate. The heart rates increased significantly after administration of the two drugs (cardioacceleration defined as > or = 5% increase in heart rate), regardless of the technique employed. Our results show that HI-6 and atropine sulphate can be given intramuscularly by the new autoinjector with the same effectiveness and speed as when given intravenously. Irrespective of the injection technique, no overt signs of toxicity were observed at the drug concentrations used.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

Power injection of contrast media during percutaneous transluminal coronary artery angioplasty.

Visualization of the coronary arteries during all phases of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty using hand-held contrast media injection devices is suboptimal. Power injection of contrast media for diagnostic coronary cineangiography has been performed in over 18,000 cases without power injector complication. Here we report our experience with 294 patients using power injection for visualization during all phases of PTCA. It provides optimal visualization of the coronary arteries and has not been associated with complications. It is a safe and efficient system with reduction in both the time and radiation exposure required to perform PTCA and allows determination of the adequacy of the result without unnecessary recrossing of the area of dilatation.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1990

Development of regional cerebral oedema after lateral fluid-percussion brain injury in the rat.

Most studies attempting to characterize post-traumatic oedema formation have focused on the acute postinjury period. We have recently developed a new model of lateral (parasagittal) fluidpercussion (FP) brain injury in the rat. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the temporal course of oedema formation and resolution in this experimental model of brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 67) were anaesthetized and subjected to FP brain injury of moderate severity. Animals were sacrified at 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after brain injury, brains removed and assayed for water content using either specific gravitimetric or wet weight/dry weight techniques. In the injured left parietal cortex, a significant increase in water content was observed by 6 hours postinjury (p less than 0.05) that persisted up to 5 days postinjury. A prolonged and significant increase in water content was also observed in the left (ipsilateral) hippocampus which began at 1 hour postinjury (p less than 0.05) and continued up to 3 days. Other regions examined showed no significant regional oedema after brain injury. These results suggest that lateral FP brain injury produces an early focus oedema that persists for a prolonged period after trauma. This model may be useful in the evaluation of novel pharmacological therapies designed to reduce cerebral oedema after brain injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Safety of high pressure injections through a flow switch stopcock.

The safety and efficacy of high-pressure injection through a stopcock was tested using a disposable flow switch model. Multiple catheters, contrast agents, injection rates, and pressure combinations were used. These demonstrated that, after insuring the adequacy of the stopcock connections, there will be no leakage, decrease in injection rate, or increase in required pressure when injecting through the flow switch stopcock even at levels appropriate for aortic and pulmonary arteriography.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of organophosphate poisoning in pigs: antidote administration by a new binary autoinjector.

The therapeutic effectiveness of a new binary autoinjector containing 500 mg HI-6 and 2 mg atropine sulphate was tested in anesthetized pigs poisoned by a lethal dose of soman i.v. (9 micrograms/kg per 20 min). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HI-6 were studied concomitantly on administration of HI-6 alone, together with atropine sulphate, or together with atropine sulphate during soman intoxication. Cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored and serum concentrations of oxime and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured in blood samples taken at intervals over a 6-h period postinjection. Five minutes after the start of soman infusion, mean AChE activity was decreased to 27 +/- 4.3% of baseline and signs of poisoning appeared. The antidotes, HI-6 and atropine sulphate, were then administered i.m. One minute after this injection there was a transient significant increase in AChE activity of 76 +/- 8.2% of baseline (p < 0.01). It then again decreased and remained suppressed throughout the experiment. Mean respiratory rate was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) to 20 +/- 3.2% of baseline after 20 min of soman infusion and remained low during the rest of the experiment. The poisoning signs were counteracted 15-20 min after antidote therapy and all pigs survived soman intoxication without ventilatory assistance. Administration of either atropine or atropine and soman had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of HI-6 in anesthetized pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of spring and CO2- powered needleless injectors in the treatment of keloids with triamcinolone.

A comparison has been made between the traditional needle and syringe technique of injection and two differing types of needleless injector in the intralesional treatment of keloids with triamcinolone. This most reliable method of delivering a known quantity of drug into a keloid is by syringe and needle. However, the CO2-powered injector is far more reliable than the spring-powered injector in the reliability of the dose administered and its intralesional penetration and distribution.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1989

Approximate maximum likelihood population pharmacokinetic models for the design of dosage regimens.

One of the applications of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is the design of improved drug administration regimens. In its simplest form only global descriptors of the response to a bolus are used to obtain the dosing scheme leading to the desired drug plasma concentration level. For further improvement on these simple administration regimens it is necessary to have additional information on the drug kinetics in terms of either a disposition equation model or a compartmental model. Due to the high variability of individual responses to the same dosing scheme the design of drug administration regimens is often based on the average pharmacokinetic parameters of a data base of individuals. Although widely used, this approach presents some problems since the average disposition equation model and the average compartmental model are inconsistent between themselves and with the global descriptors of the average response. In this paper methods and algorithms for the estimation of alternative population pharmacokinetic models are developed and their use is illustrated using pharmacokinetic data available from the literature.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1986

Responses of morphologically identified cortical neurons to intracellularly injected cyclic GMP.

Cyclic nucleotides are thought to act as second messengers of neurotransmission inside central neurons, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) has been postulated to act as a messenger for muscarinic, cholinergic transmission. Nonetheless, the action of cGMP has not yet been established in identified cortical neurons. We injected cGMP and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) intracellularly in neurons of the motor cortex of awake cats. Fifty-four percent of injected cells responded to cGMP and HRP with an increase in input resistance within 30 s after injection. None of a control group of cells injected with HRP without cGMP so responded. In cells receiving intracellular depolarizing current sufficient to produce repeated spike discharge at the time of injection, the increase in input resistance after cGMP persisted for as long as the cells could be held. There was no significant increase in firing rate after injection of cGMP. Cells responding to cGMP with an increased input resistance were identified as pyramidal cells of layer V. One inverted pyramidal cell of layer VI also showed an increase in input resistance in response to cGMP. Previous studies have suggested that muscarinic cholinergic agents produce an increased input resistance (thought to reflect a decreased potassium conductance) underlying an increased rate of discharge in neocortical neurons. Our results favor a dual action of muscarinic cholinergic transmission in mammalian cortical neurons--the increase in input resistance in layer V pyramidal cells mediated by cGMP, and the increase in rate of discharge mediated by other means.

Animals↗