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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Induction of mammary gland carcinomas by the subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea.

The efficacy of s.c. administration of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) for the induction of mammary carcinomas was compared with the i.v. method of carcinogen injection in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Group-housed animals fed a laboratory chow diet and distilled water ad libitum throughout the study were injected at 50 days of age with 50 mg MNU per kg body weight. The carcinogen was given either s.c. or i.v., via the jugular vein, to one of the two groups of 20 rats each. Animals were palpated for tumor detection weekly and necropsied 180 days after injection with the carcinogen. At the termination of the study, 180 days postcarcinogen, cancer incidences were similar, 95 versus 90% in animals given MNU either s.c. or i.v. with an average of 3.9 and 3.9 cancers per rat, respectively. Time of tumor appearances were essentially identical under both treatment conditions. Using either method of carcinogen administration resulted in the induction of approximately 2.4 times more carcinomas in the cervical-thoracic mammary glands than in the abdominal-inguinal glands with no differences observed in cancer occurrence in the left versus the right mammary gland chains. The data indicate that s.c. administration of MNU is as effective and specific in the induction of mammary carcinomas as is i.v. administration. The s.c. method has the advantage of being easier and faster to perform and permits reproducible treatment of large numbers of rats by a small technical staff.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Subcutaneously injected radiolabeled liposomes: transport to the lymph nodes in mice.

Male A/He mice were given sc injections in the feet with [3,5,3'-125I]triiodothyronine, [125I]T3, either in the free state or encapsulated within sonicated phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Radioactivity was recovered from the injection site, the popliteal lymph nodes (LN), blood, liver, lungs, and spleen at various times (5 min to 6 hr) after injection. The highest level of radioactivity was found in the popliteal LN of mice given liposome-encapsulated (LE) [125I]T3: For more than 3 hours after the injection, radioactivity was fivefold to fiftyfold higher there than that in all the other organs including the popliteal LN of mice given injections of free [125I]T3. The results demonstrated that sc injected liposomes enter the lymphatic pathways and reach the draining LN. Thus local administration of LE antitumor drugs into the sites of a malignant tumor before its excision might be useful in preventing postoperative metastases to the draining LN.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of the use of intrauterine infusions of oxytetracycline, subcutaneous injections of fenprostalene, or a combination of both, for the treatment of retained fetal membranes in dairy cows.

Dairy cows (n = 207) that had retained fetal membranes for more than 8 hours after parturition were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (group 1, daily intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline; group 2, daily intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline and a single SC injection of fenprostalene; group 3, a single SC injection of fenprostalene; and group 4, untreated controls). Cows were monitored daily. Subsequent disease conditions were recorded, and appropriate treatments were initiated. Interval from parturition to expulsion of fetal membranes was unaffected by treatment regimen. The frequency of cows with high rectal temperatures (> or = 39.5 C) was significantly (P < 0.05) less in cows treated with oxytetracycline infusions; however, the frequency of displaced abomasum, ketosis, and mastitis was unaffected by treatment method. Treatment method appeared to influence the development of postpartum uterine pathologic conditions. Treatment with oxytetracycline and fenprostalene (group 2) increased (P < 0.05) the frequency of pyometra. Treatment with fenprostalene (groups 2 and 3) decreased the number of cows with a palpable uterine lumen detectable during per rectal palpation at 28 to 42 days after parturition. Reproductive efficiency, as determined on the basis of the interval from parturition to conception, was unaffected by treatment protocol.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1994

The effect of subcutaneous injection of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin on thrombin generation in platelet rich plasma--a study in human volunteers.

We administered a dose of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and two doses of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to healthy volunteers by SC injection. The doses given were: a) UFH, 5000 IU, which represents 8.7 mg of > 5,400 MW active heparin (ACLM) and no < 5,400 active heparin (BCLM), b) enoxaparin 40 mg (3.4 mg ACLM, 2.2 mg BCLM) and c) enoxaparin 1 mg/kg body weight (on the mean 75 mg, containing 6.4 mg ACLM and 4.1 mg BCLM). We determined the effect on thrombin generation in platelet rich plasma (PRP) between 1 and 8 h after injection. UFH administration caused only a 5-8% inhibition of the thrombin potential (i.e. the area under the thrombin generation curve). Significantly higher inhibition of the thrombin potential was seen after administration of both doses of enoxaparin. To wit 9-26% at the low dose and 29-46% at the high dose. UFH injection caused a prolongation of the lag-time before the thrombin burst. Only with the high dose of enoxaparin the lag-times were significantly more prolonged with enoxaparin than with UFH. Excess amounts of platelet factor 4 (PF4) were able to neutralize completely the anti-thrombin activity in normal plasma spiked with enoxaparin as well as in plasma samples obtained after SC enoxaparin injection. With a large excess of PF4 the anti-factor Xa activity could be inhibited to a maximum of 50%. This indicates that ACLM (above critical length material, MW > 5400) is neutralized completely by PF4 whereas BCLM (below critical length material, MW < 5400) is not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗