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PubMed1985

A comparison of computer-assisted and hard copy telephone interviewing.

In computer-assisted telephone interviewing, questions are displayed on a computer screen, and responses are entered directly into a computerized data file. In 1981-1982, a randomized trial of computer-assisted telephone interviewing, compared with telephone interviewing with responses directly recorded on printed questionnaires, was carried out. The respondents were surrogates for 400 white Florida residents who died in 1979 and were randomly selected from a death certificate-based case-control study of colorectal cancer. Outcomes examined included participation rate after initial phone contact, length of interview, recorded number of comments, recorded number of probes, unresolved "don't know" responses, and the interviewer's evaluation of the quality of the interview. The computer-assisted telephone interviewing system resulted in the 25-30-minute interviews lasting, on the average, 3.4 minutes (14%) longer. The average number of comments decreased from 5.5 to 4.1 (a 25% difference) and probes from 10.2 to 8.3 (a 19% difference) in the computer-assisted interviews. These differences were markedly smaller than the differences noted between individual interviewers.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Qualitative research interviews with children and their families.

Regulations about conducting research with children, development of the field of qualitative research, and sophistication of our knowledge about children has prompted increased recognition of children as research subjects are described. Guidelines for how to prepare and conduct qualitative interviews with children and their families are summarized in Table 1. While gathering research data from children and their families presents many challenges, qualitative interview methods are a potentially rich source of data.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A course component to teach interviewing skills in informing and motivating patients.

In the present study, the authors implemented and evaluated a course component to teach three types of interviewing skills: giving information to patients, handling emotions on the part of patients, and motivating patients. The authors developed a seven-week course for second-year students that included identification and demonstration of explicit interviewing skills, practice with simulated patients, and feedback in a small-group setting. Thirty of the 104 students in the course were randomly selected for evaluation before and after the course. They showed statistically significant increases in their interviewing skills, based on ratings of videotaped interviews with simulated patients after the course, but did not change significantly in self-assessment of their level of confidence in aspects of conducting the interviews.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1993

Using focus group interviews to identify salient issues concerning college students' alcohol abuse.

Despite extensive efforts to decrease alcohol abuse among college students, prevention approaches have had limited success. This study attempted to clarify reasons for this limited success and to identify directions for future interventions by directly interviewing college students on this topic. Five issues were discussed in the focus group interviews: (1) reasons for drinking alcohol, (2) reasons for not drinking alcohol, (3) circumstances surrounding overconsumption of alcohol, (4) topics and methods for prevention, and (5) gender differences in drinking patterns. The focus group interviews were found to be a valid tool for elucidating sensitive aspects of these issues and the relative importance of these issues to each other. The students revealed how susceptible they are to societal pressures to drink alcohol and how the limitations of their intrapersonal skills affect their alcohol consumption, most notably regarding sexuality issues. The authors contend that improving intrapersonal skills should be a major focus of programs to prevent alcohol abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Should we discuss weight and calories in adolescent obesity prevention and weight-management programs? Perspectives of adolescent girls.

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore adolescent girls' perspectives on potentially sensitive topics related to weight management. Data were collected using individual semistructured interviews. Thirty high school-aged girls, who were at risk for overweight and had participated in a school-based obesity prevention program, were interviewed. Data were analyzed using qualitative methodology. Girls were mixed on whether nutrition-related information and messages should emphasize weight control or health. Although girls expressed interest in weight-related issues, some had concerns that overemphasizing weight control might lead to unhealthful and excessive weight preoccupation. Whereas many girls want to receive information on weight and calories to guide their decision making about food choices, care must be taken to avoid unintended harmful consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Reflecting on the experience of interviewing online: perspectives from the Internet and HIV study in London.

This paper considers some of the strengths and weaknesses of conducting synchronous online interviews for qualitative research. It is based on a study among gay/bisexual men that used both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the association between seeking sex through the Internet and HIV transmission risk. Between June 2002 and January 2004, 128 gay/bisexual men living in London were interviewed one-to-one by the first author (MD) about their experience of using the Internet to find sexual partners and negotiating condom use for anal sex. Thirty-five men were interviewed online, while 93 were interviewed face-to-face (i.e. offline). This paper draws on MD's experience of conducting these interviews--both online and face-to-face. Synchronous online interviews have the advantage of being cheap, convenient and attractive to people who do not like face-to-face interviews. However, some of the social conventions and technical limitations of computer-mediated-communication can introduce ambiguity into the online dialogue. To minimize this ambiguity, both interviewer and interviewee have to edit their online interaction. One of the distinctive features of the online interview is that it emerges as a form of textual performance. This raises fundamental questions about the suitability of the synchronous online interview for exploring sensitive topics such as risky sexual behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A qualitative study of the information needs of acute myocardial infarction patients, and their preferences for follow-up contact after discharge.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have claimed that patients have unmet information needs after discharge following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Our overall goal is to develop a post-discharge nursing intervention program to provide patients with appropriate information and support in contexts where existing follow-up services are poorly developed. AIMS: To explore the information needs of inpatients with AMI and their preferences for follow-up contact after discharge from hospital. METHODS: Fourteen AMI patients aged 42-69 years participated in one of three focus groups, held between 3 and 5 months after their discharge. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The findings are grouped into three themes corresponding to the major topics in the interview guide: the hospital stay, coming home, and patients' follow-up preferences. The data support the findings of previous studies that there is a systemic failure to meet patients' in-hospital and post-discharge information needs. Most importantly, our participants' follow-up preferences favoured open telephone lines and telephone follow-up. The results of this study provide some of the knowledge that is necessary to improve patient information and support following AMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Accident investigations: how to ask why.

With a little psychology and a lot of common sense, says the author, you can get more out of interviews with accident witnesses. Don't be tempted to speculate on an accident's cause before you hear all the testimony.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2006

Patients' expectation and experience of visual sensations during phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia.

PURPOSE: To describe what patients expect to see and the visual sensations they actually experience during phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia. We also sought to determine if patients find their intraoperative visual experience frightening and the factors associated with this. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-eight patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation under topical anaesthesia were interviewed preoperatively on what they expected to see with their operated eye during surgery and again postoperatively on what they actually saw. No patient received counselling about possible intraoperative visual sensations. A logistic (multivariate) regression model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Preoperatively, 36 patients (36.7%) expected at least light perception, 38 (38.8%) expected no light perception, and 24 (24.5%) were unsure what to expect. Some patients also expected a variety of different visual sensations. Postoperatively, all patients (100%) reported seeing light intraoperatively and many experienced various other visual sensations. Nineteen patients (19.4%) found their visual experience frightening. The following factors were statistically associated with a frightening visual experience: preoperative anxiety, previous cataract surgery in the fellow eye, experiencing an intraoperative increase in clarity, not seeing movement intraoperatively, and not knowing what to expect. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients in this study either expected that they would see nothing at all during the surgery or were unsure of what to expect. All patients subsequently saw at least some light, and many perceived various other visual sensations that were frightening to nearly one in five patients. Preoperative counselling should inform about possible intraoperative visual experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A life review interview guide: a structured systems approach to information gathering.

This clinical project introduces a guide to provide the interviewer with a methodological systems approach for information gathering in the life review process. The guide is structured in such a way as to elicit positive life events for the purpose of enhancing a sense of well-being as well as to elicit negative life events to encourage the client to address unresolved loss-grief issues. In effect, the Life Review Interview Guide serves to promote high self-esteem and to assist the interviewee through the grieving process. In addition, the Guide assisted the student-interviewer in formulating and selecting a wide range of questions.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Quality control for interviews to obtain dietary recalls from children for research studies.

Quality control is an important aspect of a study because the quality of data collected provides a foundation for the conclusions drawn from the study. For studies that include interviews, establishing quality control for interviews is critical in ascertaining whether interviews are conducted according to protocol. Despite the importance of quality control for interviews, few studies adequately document the quality control procedures used during data collection. This article reviews quality control for interviews and describes methods and results of quality control for interviews from two of our studies regarding the accuracy of children's dietary recalls; the focus is on quality control regarding interviewer performance during the interview, and examples are provided from studies with children. For our two studies, every interview was audio recorded and transcribed. The audio recording and typed transcript from one interview conducted by each research dietitian either weekly or daily were randomly selected and reviewed by another research dietitian, who completed a standardized quality control for interviews checklist.Major strengths of the methods of quality control for interviews in our two studies include: (a) interviews obtained for data collection were randomly selected for quality control for interviews, and (b) quality control for interviews was assessed on a regular basis throughout data collection. The methods of quality control for interviews described may help researchers design appropriate methods of quality control for interviews for future studies.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term psychosocial effects of spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury typically occurs in males during late adolescence or young adulthood. These individuals face the developmental challenges of adulthood with significant restrictions in mobility and position. The purposes of this study were to examine how spinal cord injured male experience these limitations and to identify how they fulfill adult developmental tasks/expectations. Interviews on this topic were conducted with a convenience sample of 5 spinal cord injured men between the ages of 30 and 45 who had been injured at least 10 years. The findings of this study indicated that the impairment of mobility and position that resulted from the spinal cord injury did have a significant impact upon the developmental tasks/expectations of adulthood. Mobility and position restrictions delayed and/or interfered with the establishment of close personal relationships and the development of a satisfying career. Information also was obtained about the process of coping with the paralysis of a spinal cord injury over time.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Variability in abciximab (ReoPro) prescribing: evidence based or budget driven?

PURPOSE: Abciximab improves outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PTCA). Clinicians, however, have expressed concerns that they do not have enough budget to administer abciximab to all eligible patients. We studied the patterns of prescribing of abciximab and identified factors that correlate with the level of usage. METHODS: In each of all 13 Dutch PTCA centres one opinion-leading cardiologist was approached to provide data on the abciximab prescribing in their centre and to co-operate in an interview on this topic. We performed linear regression analysis in which the level of abciximab prescribing was the dependent variable. Potential determinants investigated were the number of PTCAs performed, the criteria for abciximab prescribing, funding and possible financial restrictions, participation in clinical trials in the past, percentage stenting, and desired level of abciximab prescribing. RESULTS: All 13 PTCA centres in the Netherlands participated in our study. The level of abciximab prescribing varied from 2 to 36% of all PTCAs. The criteria for patient selection significantly differed between centres. Together budget, investigatorship, size, and type of the institution were highly predictive for the level of abciximab prescribing (R2 = 0.93, p < 0.001). The more patients doctors had included in clinical trials in the past, the higher was the likelihood that they had prescribed abciximab. CONCLUSIONS: Shortly after its introduction, patterns of abciximab prescribing varied widely between PTCA centres. There was no agreement on which patients to select for this preventive treatment. Budget and involvement in clinical trials in the past were important predictors of the level of prescribing in each centre.

Abciximab↗