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PubMed1989

Infant feeding pattern and weaning practices in Kuwait.

A survey was carried out to investigate infant feeding pattern and weaning practices in Kuwait. The study covered 2833 mothers of children less than three years old. The results showed that 60.6% of the infants were breast-fed, 14.0% were bottle-fed and 25.4% received mixed feeding. The mean duration of breast feeding was 5.8 months and varied from 9.5 to 4.3 months among illiterate and educated mothers respectively. The results also showed that older mothers were more likely to breast-feed their infants for a longer duration. On the contrary, mothers from high-income families were less likely to practise breast-feeding. In addition, the study revealed that 37.4% of the infants were weaned suddenly; the reasons for weaning were stated as: insufficient milk (30.7%), new pregnancy (14.7%), infant reaching weaning age (12.3%), mothers' sickness (12.0%), infant refusal (10.6%) and mothers' desire (6.6%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Strongyloidiasis: challenges in diagnosis and management in non-endemic Kuwait.

Among immunocompromised individuals, hyper-infection with Strongyloides stercoralis may occur and lead to fatal strongyloidiasis. To clinicians and laboratory diagnosticians in non-endemic countries such as Kuwait, this severe infection poses a particular problem. The clinical histories and signs and symptoms of four Kuwaiti cases of S. stercoralis hyper-infection were reviewed. Each of the four was found not only to have lived in an area where S. stercoralis was endemic but also to have been treated with immunosuppressive steroids (for medical problems unrelated to the nematode infection). When they presented with undiagnosed hyper-infections their clinical features were confusing. Three of the cases, all with low eosinophil counts, died but the other, who was treated with thiabendazole, survived. In the light of these observations, healthy medical examinees who had recently moved from endemic zones were checked for asymptomatic S. stercoralis infection, both by stool examination and ELISA-based serology. Of 381 stool samples investigated over a 3-month period, 183 (48%) were found positive for helminths, 7% for S. stercoralis. Of 198 individuals from endemic zones who were screened after another medical examination, 71 (35.8%) were found positive for intestinal helminth parasites, including one (1.45%) infected with S. stercoralis. Although ELISA appear reliable in making a presumptive diagnosis of strongylodiasis, the results of such assays are not very specific and are best interpreted in conjunction with the patient's clinical status. The concurrent administration of anthelminthics to patients prescribed steroids who, because they live or have lived in an area where S. stercoralis is endemic, are at risk of infection with the nematode, should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on Cercariae from Kuwait Bay. XI. Description and surface topography of Cercaria kuwaitae XI sp.n. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae).

A new echinostome cercaria, Cercaria kuwaitae XI sp.n., from the prosobranch gastropod Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin) from Kuwait Bay is described. The new cercaria is characterized by 23 collar spines and primary excretory tubules with distinct diverticula. The cercaria encysts in the snail host and is similar to those of Acanthoparyphium sp. The surface topography of the redia, cercaria and metacercarial cyst wall is studied by scanning electron microscopy. This is the first echinostome cercaria to be recorded in a gastropod from the Arabian Gulf region.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Passive sampler-derived air concentrations for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Kuwait.

The present study presents, to our knowledge, the first ambient air data for a range of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kuwait. This was achieved by concurrently deploying polyurethane foam-disk passive samplers at 14 sites over a six-week period. Calculated mean sigma5PBDE concentrations (sum of brominated diphenyl ethers [BDEs] 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154) ranged from 2.5 to 32 pg/m3 of air, with BDE 47 contributing between 39 and 65% of the sigmaPBDEs detected. Differences in relative concentrations were observed between sites, with higher concentrations measured close to suspected sources. Calculated sigmaPAH concentrations ranged from 5 to 13 ng/m3 (mean, 8.3 ng/m3). The compound distribution was dominated by three- and four-ring compounds, which constituted approximately 90% of the sigmaPAHs, with phenanthrene contributing approximately 35%. However, the proportion of five- and six-ring PAHs increased around the "oil lakes," which were formed by the torching of oil wells during the 1991 Gulf War. The oil lakes are a reservoir of PAHs that will continue feeding the atmosphere as long as they remain untreated.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2000

Clinical epidemiology of acute myocardial infarction in Kuwait.

OBJECTIVE: We studied the clinical epidemiological features of patients with AMI treated at a major hospital in Kuwait. The objectives of the study were to determine (i) personal and clinical characteristics of patients; (ii) prevalence of major risk factors among the patients; and (iii) factors associated with in-hospital morbidity and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients (n = 126) who fulfilled the standard diagnostic criteria for AMI and treated at the CCU of the study hospital during the calendar year 1996 were included in the study. Patients were identified from the CCU register and information was extracted from the medical records. Multiple logistic regression was performed to study the factors independently associated with in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Of the 126 patients, 84.9% were men and 15.1% were women; and 40.5% were Kuwaiti nationals and 59.5% were expatriates. On average, male patients were younger than females (mean age = 52.4 +/- 10.4 years vs. 60.2 +/- 10.2 years), and male expatriates were the youngest sub-group in the study (mean age = 49.7 +/- 8.7 years). Overall, history of diabetes, hypertension, and CHD was recorded in 44.4%, 29.6%, and 16.8% of the patients, respectively. About 58% of the male patients were current smokers and the prevalence of smoking was significantly higher in expatriates compared with Kuwaiti patients (62% vs 36%, respectively). Kuwaiti nationals had a significantly high prevalence of diabetes compared with the expatriates (57% vs 36%, respectively). There was a significant trend in increasing prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and CHD with age whereas smoking was most prevalent (87%) in the youngest age group. As for the clinical features, 70.5% of the patients presented within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms, 73% presented with ST-segment elevation (40.5% with inferior, 32.5% with anterior ST-segment elevation), and fibrinolytic therapy was given to 63.6% of the patients. About half of the patients had an admission blood glucose level of > or = 10 mmol/l, and 70.6% had a fasting blood glucose level of > or = 6.1 mmol/l one day after admission. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, old age (> 60 years), anterior MI, and admission blood glucose level of > or = 10 mmol/l were found to be significantly associated with in-hospital cardiac morbidity. The in-hospital case fatality was about 6%. Old age and history of CHD were found to be the significant predictors of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Control of smoking and early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of diabetes may reduce the burden of AMI-related morbidity and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Diabetes mellitus as a contributor to the in-hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction in Kuwait.

OBJECTIVES: First, to compare the in-hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among diabetic versus non-diabetic patients. Secondly, to evaluate if this association remains the same across gender and ethnic groups. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used a 1:2 individually matched retrospective case-control study. All patients admitted to Mubarak Al-Kabeer hospital in Kuwait, with a confirmed diagnosis of AMI during August 1997 and July 2002 made up the study population. All 149 patients who died during this period made up the cases. Two control subjects to match each case were randomly chosen from survivors, after hospitalization with AMI. Cases and controls were individually matched by age, sex and ethnicity. History of diabetes mellitus (DM) was found to be significantly associated with in-hospital mortality after AMI (odds ratio: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.0). None of the other cardiovascular related histories were associated with mortality. Further analyses on the type of diabetes showed that the NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) risk of mortality was significantly raised after AMI. Also among women (odds ratio: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-5.9), and non-Kuwaiti population (odds ratio: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1-9.9) the risk was significantly elevated. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of in-hospital mortality after AMI is almost doubled among diabetic patients. This association was found to be significantly higher among NIDDM, women and non-Kuwaiti population.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Training needs and services for elderly care in developing countries: models from Romania, Barbados and Kuwait.

Developing countries are facing multiple problems in establishing and funding sociomedical services for the elderly. This study outlines the need for such services especially in the transitional stage of urbanization, changes in the structure and role of families, and the inadequate resources for establishing community-based elderly care programs. The study focuses on the analysis of human resource needs for training of the different categories of health workers, both educational degree and non-degree training for elderly care programs. It proposes an integrated approach for short-term training of physicians, nurses, and social workers. This concept was accepted and adopted by the Expert Group Meeting of the International Institute on Aging in Malta, 1989. The study also presents applications of this model in Romania, Barbados, and Kuwait.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Associations between personality and stress reactions during and after invasion of Kuwait.

Correlations between the personality dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism and symptoms of stress reaction during and after the invasion of Kuwait were investigated. An Arabic version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and a Stress Reactions Checklist were administered to 503 undergraduate Kuwaiti students (225 men and 278 women). Analysis showed no correlation between scores on Extraversion and stress reactions for men and women during and after the invasion and a high positive correlation between scores on Neuroticism and stress reactions for men and women during and after the invasion. These findings were discussed in terms of arousal theory and previous research.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A cross-cultural evaluation of depression in children in Egypt, Kuwait, and the United States.

The English version of the Arabic Children's Depression Inventory, constructed by Abdel-Khalek, was applied to a sample of 535 U.S. students (11 to 18 years old). Cronbach coefficients alpha were .88, .90, and .89 for boys, girls, and all subjects, respectively. Seven factors were extracted by principal axis factor analysis (Negative mood and self-depreciation, Fatigue, Lack of loneliness, Sleep problems, Weak concentration, Pessimism, and Feeling happy), denoting clear factorial structure; however, the scale was intended to be unidimensional. Sex and racial differences for this American sample were not statistically significant but the correlation of depression scores with age was .22. The scale appears useful in studying depression in American school children and adolescents. Also, cross-cultural differences in childhood depression between samples from Egypt and Kuwait of previous studies and the present American sample were examined. Based on the effect size, female Kuwaiti had a lower mean depression score than either the Egyptian or American groups. The scale can be used in cross-cultural research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale: results for 9,031 Saudi students.

The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale was administered to 9,031 male (n = 4,143) and female (n = 4,888) Saudis. They were students in secondary schools (n = 4.793) and university undergraduates (n = 4,238) recruited from scattered geographical regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ages ranged from 15 to 26 years, mean age 19.5 yr. (SD = 2.8). The scale displayed good alphas (from .85 to .88), retest reliability (from .94 to .95), as well as good criterion-related validity (from .63 to .73) against the Trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Three highly loaded factors were extracted: Cognitive/Affective, Subjective, and Somatic anxiety. Sex differences overshadow age differences as sex-related differences were significant between the age groups from 16 to 25 years, i.e., females attained higher mean scores than their male peers. Saudi students attained means similar to those of Kuwaiti students, but both groups have significantly higher mean scores than American and Spanish college students. By and large, the scale can be recommended for use in research among students in the Saudi context.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

German version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale: psychometric parameters.

A German translation of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale, written originally in Arabic, was prepared. A sample of 207 men and women German college students was recruited. Coefficient alpha was .88, whereas the item-remainder correlations ranged from .21 to .63, denoting good internal consistency. The correlation of the scale with the German form of the Trait Anxiety Scale was .76, indicating high criterion-related validity. Three factors were identified: General, Somatic, and Cognitive/Affective Anxiety. German students scored lower (less anxious) than students from the U.S. and 18 Arab countries. The sex difference was not significant for the German sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Antibiogram of urinary tract isolates in Kuwait.

1253 urinary tract isolates collected during 9 months (April-December 1984) were analysed by the agar diffusion method for sensitivity to 13 antimicrobial agents commonly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections in children and adults. We noticed an agitatingly high resistance of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, sulphonamide and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and of Proteus spp. to ampicillin. As Kuwait is one of the countries where the total consumption of antibiotics is very high as compared to most of the western countries, we are inclined to assume that this generous policy for the prescription of especially ampicillin and other broad spectrum antibiotics in uncomplicated infections has generated this serious consequence.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Kuwait.

In a prospective study of acute hepatitis in Kuwait covering the period February 1983 to January 1984, a total of 1781 cases were diagnosed as having an acute viral hepatitis. 1,384 (77.7%) were found to be due to hepatitis A virus (HAV), 206 (11.5%) hepatitis B virus (HBV), 8 (0.4%) coinfection with HBV and delta virus (HDV), 8 (0.4%) superinfection of HDV on chronic HBsAg carriers and 157 (9%) non-A, non-B virus (NANB). 13 cases of CMV and 5 of EBV infections were also diagnosed. NANB viral hepatitis was a disease of young adults (mean age 29 years) with a male-female ratio of 3:1. A high incidence was noted among males from the Indian subcontinent (29.1/100,000 of population, compared to 5.4/100,000 among local Arabs), the majority of whom gave a history of recent visit to the Indian subcontinent. The clinical features and biochemical findings of acute NANB infection were found to be less severe than those of acute HBV infection and similar to acute HAV infection. Three patients (2.3%) with acute NANB virus infection developed chronic hepatitis (all women), and another 3 patients died because of fulminant hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Hepatitis delta virus infection in acute hepatitis in Kuwait.

Over a period of 1 year, 254 patients presenting with acute hepatitis at the Infectious Disease Hospital, Kuwait were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Of these, 23 (9%) patients were found to have antibodies to hepatitis D virus (HDV) (anti-HDV). Eight of these anti-HDV positive patients were shown to have a coinfection with acute hepatitis B and 8 had a superinfection of HDV on a chronic HBsAg infection. The remaining 7 had had a previous HDV infection and were also chronic carriers of HBsAg. The cause of the acute hepatitis in this group was probably non-A, non-B virus(es). The prevalence of anti-HDV was 4% among patients with acute hepatitis B and 31% among carriers of HBsAg. In the coinfection group, 5/8 patients recovered completely, 1 developed chronic active hepatitis and 1 died due to fulminant hepatitis, while 1 patient was lost to follow up. 5/8 patients with superinfection developed chronic hepatitis on follow-up, 2 died while only 1 patient recovered completely. In the group of patients with previous delta infection, 5/7 recovered from the acute bout of hepatitis while 1 patient developed chronic active hepatitis and 1 was lost to follow-up.

Acute Disease↗