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PubMed1989

[Sacral teratomas--organized forms].

Between 1939 and 1971 31 cases of sacrococcygeal teratomas were observed at Zurich Children's Hospital, in 5 cases the tumor contained well-developed organs. From 1970 to 1982 25 cases of sacrococcygeal teratomas were identified at Teheran Children's Hospital. In 2 of these cases the tumors were organized. At the same time we observed 2 other cases, one a well differentiated retroperitoneal teratoma, the other an ectopic third leg in the lumbosacral region. In the so-called organized teratomas we found all organs with the exception of heart, lung, kidney, eyes and vertebra. Malignant degeneration was not observed. It is probable that such organized tumors develop from a concentration of rich pluripotent cells at the end of the coccyx. An explanation for ectopic extremities could be the deplacement of pluripotent cells at an early stage of embryonic development.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1988

Spina bifida occulta associated with a low-placed conus medullaris.

From 1977 to the present, we have managed 30 patients with spina bifida occulta associated with a low-placed conus medullaris. Twenty-six patients had surgery performed. Nineteen patients demonstrated urological and neurological improvement. The characteristics of this condition include a cleft spine revealed by plain x-ray, vesicorectal disturbances, local findings (such as a tumor, dimpling, and angioma in the lumbosacral region), and deformities of the feet. Surgery is indicated after confirmation of neurological symptoms, such as a vesicorectal disturbance, after about 1 year of age or older. Operation is not needed immediately after birth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[The lumbosacral transition: morphologic variations and their functional significance].

The articular facet of a superior articular process of the sacrum is directed backward, inward, and upward with marked variations. 4 angles characterize the orientation of this facet: a) The relative angle of tilt: i.e. the angle between the articular facet and the upper end-plate of the sacrum, measured in a sagittal plane. b) The absolute angle of tilt: i.e. the angle between the articular facet and the horizontal plane, measured in a sagittal plane. c) The tilted part-angle of opening: i.e. the angle between the articular facet and the sagittal plane, measured in a plane parallel to the upper end-plate of the sacrum. d) The horizontal part-angle of opening: i.e. the angle between the articular facet and the sagittal plane, measured in a horizontal plane. These 4 angles are determined by characteristic straights within the articular facet and certain reference planes (upper end-plate of the sacrum, horizontal plane, sagittal plane). Only 2 intersecting straights suffice for an adequate determination of a geometrical plane; therefore, if we know the relative angle of tilt and the tilted part-angle of opening, we are able to construct or to calculate the absolute angle of tilt as well as the horizontal part-angle of opening by using the range of inclination of the sacrum. The shape as well as the orientation of the articular facets at the superior articular processes of the sacrum do not depend on the inclination of the pelvis nor on the inclination of the sacrum nor on the range of the lumbosacral angle. Only the absolute angle of tilt shows a reference to the inclination of the sacrum because the relative angle of tilt shows a certain constancy. The orientation of the articular facets is slightly influenced by static moments, but considerably determined by dynamical requirements. At spines with irregular numbers of praesacral vertebrae, the orientation of the lumbosacral articular facets do not differ from the orientation of these facets at spines with the regular number of 24 praesacral vertebrae. This, however, does not prove right at spines, that have a lumbosacral "transitional vertebra". Such lumbosacral transitional vertebrae detract much from the stability of the lumbosacral region of the spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[A case of brain malformation without a change in skull configuration].

The brain of a 5-months old female baby was investigated. The baby died following operation for myelomeningocystocoele of the lumbosacral region. The post mortem finding showed that there were no other malformations present besides the changes at the level of the central nervous system. Lack of the falx was observed on the dura mater, while the tentorium cerebelli was well developed. The cerebrum was on the whole of a bulbular form with a larger transversal diameter and was not divided into 2 hemispheres. A complete lack of the rhinencephalon was observed on the basal aspect of the brain. Between the dorsal surface of the cerebral trunk and the cerebrum there was a specious transversal fissure through which a considerable part of the choroidal plexus emerged from the ventricle and was positioned extraventricularly. The posterior edge of this fissure is formed by the commissura hippocampi behind which there are well developed gyri dentati which are interconnected in the medial line. The cerebellum is normally developed but antepositioned, with a considerably pronounced vermis cerebelli. Frontal sections of the brain showed an emphasised contrast between the gray and the white brain substance which is indicative of a higher level of brain maturity. The third brain ventricle, as well as the frontal horns of the lateral ventricle were missing, and there was a developed central common cavity and the temporal horns. The basal ganglia were merged with the central gray matter spread in a transversal direction which was separated from the cortex by an arc-formed white brain substance.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

[Tomography in veterinary medicine. Possibilities for the application of this x-ray technic demonstrated on the spinal column of a dog].

After a short introduction of theoretical principles of tomography, the advantages of this technique--especially the representation of the dog's spinal column--are discussed with five case histories. This technique allows to produce isolated pictures of special parts of the spinal column which may be superpositioned by other body parts like: atlantooccipitalregion (especially dens axis), caudal cervical spine, thoracical spine and lumbosacral region. Particularly the evaluation of the intervertebral spaces, the small vertebral joints and the contours and structures of the vertebrae is enhanced, which is important in tumorous and infectious processes, as well as in fractures and luxations of the vertebrae. Besides the spatial association of certain structures is possible if their localization with conventional x-ray methods and even with exposures in two planes is unsuccessful.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Interrelationship between the phenomena of divergence and convergence in the reflex activity of the spinal cord].

In acute experiments on cats, a single electrical stimulus applied to the afferent fibers of the sacral nerve elicits electrical responses of the efferent fibers of this nerve, as well as of other ones, i.e. pelvic and sympathetic trunks in the lumbosacral region (divergence); and the efferent fibers of the sacral nerve respond to stimulation not only through its afferent fibers but also in the said nerve trunks (convergence). A similar pattern occurs during separate electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve and sympathetic trunk, and of L4 to S3 dorsal roots, with monitoring electrical responses of the corresponding nerves and ventral roots. A close relationship between the divergence and convergence seems to exist.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of the water-soluble x-ray contrast substance Dimer-X in lumbosacral myelography].

The use of the water-soluble radiocontrast substance Dimer-X in lumbosacral myelography in 22 patients with a stable pain syndrome in the lumbosacral region showed that this method makes it possible to disclose the cause of the disease exactly and to reveal or rule out any neurosurgical pathology of this region. This examination is tolerated well by the patients, does not produce serious complications, and may be conducted in any neurosurgical institution.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1979

[Lumbosacral dysraphia and "long spinal cord" of delayed appearance (9 cases)].

Urinary disorders, deformities of the feet, and sensory of trophic disturbances appearing during, or increasing in severity at adolescence, were observed in 9 patients. In seven cases there appeared to be an abnormality of the teguments of the lumbosacral region, and in all cases, as shown by straight radiological examination of a spina bifida of L5 or S1, a sacral dehiscence and wide sacral canal, and a subjacent nervous tissue abnormality was suspected. Radiculography showed the presence of a "long spinal cord" terminating in the sacrum by a tumor mass. Examination of this mass in the seven operated cases demonstrated that the tumor was an intradural lipoma with a wedge-shaped penetration into the end of the medulla, fixing the cord in the sacrococcygial region, in the absence of the filum terminale and cauda equina. The etiology of this "long spinal cord" is discussed, and it appears to be the consequence of a dysraphia, which is also the cause of the lipoma. Mechanical factors appear later and produce neurological signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

Polydactyly and other minor stigmata associated with 46,XX-47,XX,D+ mosaicism.

Mosaicism for normal and D-trisomic cells was found in a female child whose presenting abnormalities at birth were polydactyly of the left hand and foot, hemangiomata on the forehead and lumbosacral region, slightly peculiar facies and unusual dermal patterns. Her course during the first 27 months of life was characterized by normal growth, absence of clinical evidence of congenital heart disease, moderate developmental retardation, tonguetie and toe-walking. Trisomic cells were more numerous than normal cells in skin cultures, whereas the reverse was true for peripheral leukocytes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Vertebral body widths and heights in normal infants and in those with myelomeningocele.

Measurements were made of vertebral body widths and heights from post-mortem radiographs of 20 newborn children with myelomeningocele and 10 "normal" children. The only statistically significant difference was reduction of vertebral body widths at T11 in infants with myelomeningocele. There was no evidence of shortening of the lumbosacral region as proposed by previous workers.

Meningomyelocele↗
PubMed1981

Alterations induced by Nesdonal and Revrin on the heptic and nervous tissues of chick embryo.

The effect of two common drugs, namely, Nesdonal (a general anesthetic drug containing thiobarbitone) and Revrin (a common antibiotic containing tetracycline) on the glycogen content of the hepatocytes and the motor neurones of the lumbosacral region of 10-day-old chick embryos was studied in the present investigation. These drugs had been selected as they are frequently prescribed to pregnant women and their cytopathologic action in chick embryos had not been studied before. It was found that both drugs lead to the degeneration of the cells, pyknosis of the nuclei, and vacuolation of the cytoplasm. The glycogen content of the cells under investigation markedly decreased, fragmented, or disappeared. In these respects Revrin seems to exert a more powerful effect than Nesdonal.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The pattern of alkaline phosphatase activity in the developing mouse spinal cord.

The localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in the lumbosacral region of the developing spinal cord was studied in 9.5- to 17.5-day mouse embryos. The activity was uniformly distributed in the pseudostratified neuroepithelium of the 9.5-day cord. In the 11.5-day cord in which the lateral motor columns were being formed, the enzymatic activity was localized in the ventrolateral sector of the cord. The enzyme-positive ventricular cells tended to be located medially whereas radially oriented enzyme-positive processes extended into the marginal layer. The 13.5-day cord displayed a similar distribution pattern, but there were many more radial processes and the enzyme-positive cells had spread laterally. Close apposition between the processes and the ventricular cells was observed. By 15.5 and 17.5 days, when the intermediate layer was fully developed and the ventricular layer had regressed to a thin ependyma, the activity had become diffusely located in the ventral half of the cord. The enzyme-positive cells and processes became less conspicuous. The silver-stained processes in the cord were found to be organized in an entirely different pattern from that of the enzyme-positive processes, suggesting that the enzyme-positive processes were not neuronal processes. The enzymatic activity found in the developing spinal cord may be associated with the migration of neuroblasts along the radially aligned processes.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of tolerance in long-term treatment of cancer pain with epidural morphine.

The effect of epidural morphine as a pain reliever was evaluated. A catheter was placed in the epidural space in 43 patients suffering from cancer pain related to dermatomeres of the thorax and lumbosacral region for an average period of 38 days (range 3-257 days). The daily dose of morphine hydrochloride varied from 1 to 5 mg with an average dose of 4.23 (+/- 2.4) mg. The treatment was divided into 10-day periods and for each of these periods the average daily dose relative to the total number of cases was calculated. The results showed no significant increase of the dose of epidural morphine in the first 10 decade periods. The authors concluded that pain relief treatment with equal doses maintains its effect for quite a long period of time in patients with often limited life expectancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clinico-pathological study of so-called immune zones in leprosy.

The clinical, bacteriological and histopathological features were studied in 20 cases of Leprosy (10 LL + 10 BL) from the so-called immune zones i.e. axilla, groin, and a narrow transverse band of skin over the lumbosacral region of the body. Apparently uninvolved skin over the chest was studied as control site. In the so-called immune sites, the clinical lesions of leprosy were noted in 40% of the cases (7 LL + 1 BL), AFB (both solid and granular forms) were detected in the smears of 45% cases (8 LL + 1 BL) and the histopathological evidence of the disease was observed in almost all the sites studied (100%). The results obtained in the present study revealed that practically no area on the surface of skin is immune to leprosy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Characteristics of the early phase of ankylosing spondylitis].

100 patients with several clinical and suspicious radiological symptoms of Bechterev's disease (Institute of Rheumatology Moscow) and 100 patients with the clinical symptoms of Bechterev's disease without radiological symptoms of a sacroiliacal arthritis (Medico-Policlinical Institute Leipzig) have been examined within a common research programme since 1976 and analysed concerning the frequency of the complaints as well as of clinical symptoms at the beginning of the disease. The main complaints at the beginning of Bechterev's disease are nocturnal pains in the lumbosacral region, pains in the joints, in which cases 50% of the patients spoke of swellings of the joints. 42% of the patients complained of the feeling of the morning rigidity in the lumbar spinal column and 22% spoke of increased temperatures. In 9--10% of our patients an iritis was diagnosed at the beginning of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Spinal epidural meningioma in childhood.

A spinal epidural meningioma in a 14-year-old boy is presented and the literature reviewed. He had several café-au-lait spots and had previously had a subcutaneous lipoma removed from the mid-lumbosacral region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[A case of intracranial germinoma with multiple remote metastases (author's transl)].

A case of suprasellar germinoma with multiple remote metastases was reported including its autopsy findings. Several series of radiation therapy and prolonged steroid administration were considered to be causes of immunosuppression bringing about such metastases. A 29-year-old man had undergone a suprasellar germinoma removal and 5,200 rad of postoperative local irradiation at a university hospital 5 months prior to the admission to our clinic. A walnut-sized left cerebellopontine angle mass was subtotally extirpated by us, which proved to be germinoma. Total dosis of 5,5550 rad with lineac was applied locally to the operated site. Since the second surgery, several nodules had been seen in the lumbosacral region, scalp and left cervical region, which were individually treated with lineac and beta-tron by 5,000, 6,000 and 4,750 rad. The patient had been on steroid substitution therapy for hypopituitarism since the first operation. Eventually the patient expired 9 months after the second operation. Autopsy findings included multiple metastases to the spinal arachnoid, dura, extradural space, spines, scalp, thoracic cage, lymph nodes, heart, lungs, liver, kidney, adrenal and pancreas. Nine cases including ours were reviewed as remote metastases of the tumors in the pineal region and of so-called ectopic pinealomas. The cases of only subarachnoid seeding of these were excluded in this study.

Adult↗