PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “NEWCASTLE DISEASE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Conformationally sensitive antigenic determinants on the HN glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus form with different kinetics.

The mature Newcastle disease virus (NDV) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein is a type 2, oligomeric glycoprotein which has seven antigenic sites, sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 23, 12, and 14 (lorio et al., 1989, Virus Res. 13, 245). The folding of the HN protein was explored by characterizing the formation of representative epitopes specific for each of the six of antigenic sites in infected cells. None of these epitopes was present on the nascent, 5-min pulse-labeled HN protein, while all epitopes appeared after a 1- to 2-hr chase. All epitopes formed in the presence of monensin or during a chase at 15 degrees, suggesting that all these determinants appear while the molecule is in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, none of the epitopes appeared during chases in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, suggesting that the formation of all determinants requires ATP. The kinetics of formation of each of the determinants was quantitated in both NDV-infected Cos cells and chick embryo cells. In both cell types, antigenic determinants formed with different kinetics. The epitope specific for site 4 appeared first, followed by the simultaneous appearance of epitopes in sites 1 and 3. The epitope in site 2 appeared next and that in site 23 last. The kinetics of appearance of the epitope in site 14 relative to those in other sites varied with cell type. In chick cells, this epitope appeared with the site 2 epitope, while in Cos cells this epitope appeared with or just after sites 1 and 3 epitopes. Nonradioactive chases at 15 degrees slowed the formation of the antigenic determinants. The disulfide-linked dimer form of the HN protein appeared concomitant with epitopes in sites 1 and 3.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

p53-independent endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cytotoxicity of a Newcastle disease virus strain in tumor cell lines.

While Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes serious infections in birds, it is apparently nonpathogenic in mammalian species, including humans. Previous observations and small-scale clinical trials indicated that NDV exerts oncolytic effects. Isolates of NDV were found to have selective affinity to transformed cells. We previously showed that the attenuated NDV strain MTH-68/H causes apoptotic cell death in cultures of PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. The aim of the present study was to extend MTH-68/H cytotoxicity testing with human tumor cell lines and to analyze certain biochemical aspects of its oncolytic effect. MTH-68/H was found to be able to kill a wide range of transformed cells by apoptosis. While caspase-8 and caspase-9 are not involved in MTH-68/H-induced apoptosis, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-12 was detected in virus-infected PC12 cells. A human glioblastoma cell line with repressible expression of the p53 protein did not show any difference in MTH-68/H sensitivity in its p53-expressing and p53-depleted states, indicating that the apoptotic process induced by MTH-68/H does not depend on p53. Apoptosis was accompanied by virus replication in two tumor cell lines tested (PC12 cells and HeLa human cervical cells), and signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress (phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and eIF2alpha) were also detected in transformed cells. In contrast, proliferation of nontransformed mouse and rat fibroblast cell lines and human primary fibroblasts was not affected by MTH-68/H treatment. MTH-68/H thus selectively kills tumor cell cultures by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to p53-independent apoptotic cell death.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Evidence for mixed membrane topology of the newcastle disease virus fusion protein.

The synthesis of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion (F) protein in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system containing membranes was characterized. The membrane-associated products were in at least two different topological forms with respect to the membranes. The properties of one form were consistent with the expected membrane insertion as a classical type 1 glycoprotein. This form of the protein was fully glycosylated, and sequences amino terminal to the transmembrane domain were protected from protease digestion by the membranes. The second form of membrane-associated F protein was partially glycosylated and partially protected from protease digestion by the membranes. Protease digestion resulted in a 23-kDa protease-protected polypeptide derived from F2 sequences and sequences from the amino-terminal end of the F1 domain. Furthermore, a 10-kDa polypeptide derived from the cytoplasmic domain (CT) was also protected from protease digestion by the membranes. Protease resistance of the 23- and 10-kDa polypeptides suggested that this second form of F protein inserted in membranes in a polytopic conformation with both the amino-terminal end and the carboxyl-terminal end translocated across membranes. To determine if this second form of the fusion protein could be found in cells expressing the F protein, two different approaches were taken. A polypeptide with the size of the partially translocated F protein was detected by Western analysis of proteins in total-cell extracts of NDV strain B1 (avirulent)-infected Cos-7 cells. Using antibodies raised against a peptide with sequences from the cytoplasmic domain, CT sequences were detected on surfaces of F protein-expressing Cos-7 cells by immunofluorescence and by flow cytometry. This antibody also inhibited the fusion of red blood cells to cells expressing F and HN proteins. These results suggest that NDV F protein made both in a cell-free system and in Cos-7 cells may exist in two topological forms with respect to membranes and that the second form of the protein may be involved in cell-cell fusion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of dietary aflatoxin and ammonia-inactivated aflatoxin on Newcastle disease antibody titers in layer-breeders.

Corn containing aflatoxin and the same corn ammoniated to inactivate aflatoxin was incorporated into layer diets to supply 500 ppb and 2.3 ppb aflatoxin, respectively, to determine whether such diets interfere with immunity to Newcastle disease vaccination. Control diets containing uncontaminated corn, both with and without ammoniation, were also fed. A trial 3 months long with 12 birds per treatment was conducted. Vaccination treatments included no vaccination, a single vaccination at the initiation of each trial, and monthly vaccinations for three months. Serum samples, for determination of Newcastle disease hemagglutination-inhibition titers by the microtiter method, were collected just before vaccination and seven days postvaccination, as well as at trial termination. Birds receiving a single initial vaccination and fed a diet containing 500 ppb aflatoxin showed a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in HI titers, whereas birds similarly vaccinated and fed a diet containing inactivated (ammoniated) aflatoxin showed no reduction in titers regardless of dietary treatment.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1988

Antibody response to Newcastle disease virus and Pasteurella multocida of two strains of turkeys.

The primary and secondary response to Newcastle disease virus (NCDV) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) of two turkey lines were studied following vaccinations with either NCDV or PM alone, or in combination. The two turkey strains were 1) a randombred control line (RBC1) and 2) a subline (E) of Line RBC1 selected 27 generations for increased egg production. This study consisted of five trials. Each trial represented a separate hatch. In Trial 1, poults of each line were subcutaneously vaccinated with a 1-mL dilution of B1 type LaSota strain NCDV vaccine. In Trial 2, poults of each line were wing-web vaccinated with the M-9 strain of PM Heddleston Type 3 x 4 cross at 6 and 10 wk of age. In Trial 3, poults of each line were subcutaneously vaccinated on the back of the neck with 1 mL of inactivated NCDV at 6 and 10 wk of age. In Trial 4, .5 mL of a PM bacterin containing Types 1, 3, and 4 in an oil emulsion was used to subcutaneously vaccinate poults of each line at 6 and 10 wk of age. In Trial 5, poults of each line were simultaneously vaccinated with inactivated NCDV (subcutaneously) and a PM bacterin (intramuscularly) at 6 and 10 wk of age. Line RBC1 had significantly (P less than .01) higher maternal antibodies to Newcastle disease at 3 wk of age than those of Line E. The RBC1 line generally had significantly higher levels of antibodies than Line E in response to vaccination for both NCDV and PM when administered singularly or in combination.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Immunoprophylaxis against Newcastle disease in white storks: vaccine selection and preliminary experiences].

Criteria for the selection of vaccines against Newcastle disease are presented. Questions related to safety and potency are considered. Intramuscular vaccination of 23 young storks with an inactivated vaccine is described. All storks tolerated the vaccination without recognizable undesired side-effects. The young storks reacted with the production of serum antibodies three weeks post vaccination. No data is yet available on the duration of the persistence of humoral antibodies. The vaccinated mature storks were free of detectable antibodies at the day of vaccination and five months later.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated virulence of Newcastle disease virus strains following serial passages in kidney cells in vitro.

Serial passage of two lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains in kidney cell lines increased virulence and changed viral biological properties. In two cell lines (BHK and MDBK), elevation in virulence was demonstrated by plaque formation under an overlay with no additives, decrease in mean death times, elevated intracerebral pathogenicity index, and cytopathic effect in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Some other markers not directly correlated to virulence, such as heat inactivation of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, were not influenced by passage in kidney cells. In addition, all strains were slow eluters. This observation emphasizes the importance of preventing the virus from reaching the viscera.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of proteolytic enzymes on the enhanced sensitivity of a cell culture of goat embryonic kidney to Newcastle disease virus].

The influence of proteolytic enzymes on the increase of the sensitivity of cell cultures to Newcastle disease virus was tested in the continuous culture of goat embryo kidney cells. In this investigation the dose of trypsin and the time of incubation for the treatment of the cell culture was selected. The preliminary treatment of the monolayer culture of goat embryo kidney cells with trypsin by incubation at a temperature of 18-20 degrees C for 30 minutes made it possible to increase the sensitivity of the culture to Newcastle disease virus 10-fold.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of Newcastle disease vaccines by serology using serum, tears and feather pulp samples.

Seroconversion of 3 lentogenic commercial Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines and experimental V4 vaccines was compared based on the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test against ND. It was found that for primary vaccination all the vaccines produced similar response but for vaccinations V4 and LaSota were better than RDVF. Eight-five samples each of serum, tears and feather pulp were collected from respective birds and antibody assessment was done against ND by HI test. The geometric mean HI titres (GMT) of serum samples were highest followed by tears and feather pulp samples before vaccination and 3 weeks after vaccination by oculonasal route and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Three weeks after booster vaccination by oculonasal route, however, the GMT of serum samples were highest followed by feather pulp and tear samples. The ease of collection of feather pulp samples and their role in ND serology is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of antibody-forming cells directed against Newcastle disease virus and their immunoglobulin class by double immunoenzyme histochemistry.

Antibody-forming cells (AFCs) against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and their immunoglobulin (Ig) class were demonstrated by a double immuno-enzyme histochemical technique. The AFCs were stained and quantified in spleen sections of chickens euthanatized at day 7 postexposure to the Roakin strain of NDV. The sections were incubated with NDV to determine the specificity of the AFCs. Bound virus was subsequently visualized with a primary monoclonal antibody (MAb), a secondary horseradish peroxidase-conjugated MAb, and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole as substrate. IgM and IgA were stained with MAbs and an alkaline phosphatase (AP)-conjugated secondary antibody. IgG class antibodies were demonstrated with an AP-conjugated rabbit serum. The final substrate for the three Igs was naphthol AS-MX-phosphate and fast blue BB. About 64-159/mm2 AFCs against NDV were detected. Of these virus-binding cells, about 55% produced IgM, 37% produced IgG, and the remaining 8% produced IgA.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Host resistance mechanisms to Newcastle disease virus in immunodeficient chickens (38540).

In order to assess the mechanisms of host resistance to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the susceptibility of young adult normal, T cell deficient and agammaglobulinemic chickens to an avirulent live vaccine (Bl) and a mesogenic strain of NDV was studied. All animals, regardless of immunological status resisted the vaccine strain. Most normal birds resisted mesogenic NDV, HOWEVER T cell deficient birds were much more susceptible and agammaglobulinemic chickens were extremely susceptible. There was no difference in the kinetics and levels of hemmagglutination-inhibition activity of plasma between normal, control-irradiated and T cell deficient birds nor between dying and surviving birds. Agammaglobulinemic chickens could be partially protected against an otherwise lethal challenge following immunization with avirulent NDV, low doses of mesogenic NDV inoculated intranasally or im injection of beta-propriolactone inactivated NDV mixed in complete Freund's adjuvant. The possible mechanisms for this protection together with the relative roles of humoral, cell mediated and non-specific immunity are discussed.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed2003

Virulence of six heterogeneous-origin Newcastle disease virus isolates before and after sequential passages in domestic chickens.

Four serial passages of six Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were performed in two-week-old White Leghorns. The viruses were recovered from chickens (Ckn-Live Bird Market and Ckn-Australia isolates), exotic (Yellow Nape [YN] Parrot, Pheasant, and Dove isolates) and wild birds (Anhinga isolate). Infected chickens were monitored clinically and humanely killed to sample tissues for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Pathogenicity tests, to assess the virulence of the isolates for chickens, and sequence analysis of the fusion protein cleavage site were performed before and after passages. The moderately virulent Dove isolate became highly virulent with serial passage. The originally highly virulent Pheasant isolate had an increase in the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) with passages in chickens. Virulence increase was not observed with Ckn-LBM, YN Parrot, Ckn-Australia, or Anhinga isolates after four chicken passages. The results demonstrate the high risk for domestic chickens represented by some NDV-infected non-poultry species, such as doves.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of field isolates of Newcastle disease virus isolated in the course of outbreaks in the poultry plant in the Leningrad region in 2000].

A field isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated in the Russko-Vysotskaya poultry farm, Leningrad region. Within four days after infection, the isolate caused 100% mortality in 60-day-old susceptible chickens. The HA titer of the allantoic fluid samples collected after one passage in SPF-chicken embryos was 1:512, and it reacted only with the NDV specific antiserum in HI test. Intracerebral pathogenicity index and mean embryo death time were 1.97 and 49 hours, respectively. The isolate has the amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site of the fusion protein F0 (112R-R-Q-R-R-F117), which is similar to that in the velogenic strains of NDV. Therefore, it was concluded that the virus isolated in this work was an ethiological agent of the ND outbreak in this poultry farm.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Tissue tropism in the chicken embryo of non-virulent and virulent Newcastle diseases strains that express green fluorescence protein.

The tissue tropism of non-virulent and virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was investigated using 8-day-old and 14-day-old embryonating chicken eggs (ECE), inoculated with an infectious clone of the non-virulent La Sota strain (NDFL-GFP) or its virulent derivative (NDFLtag-GFP). Both strains expressed the gene encoding jellyfish green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a marker. The GFP was readily expressed in chicken embryo cells infected with the NDV strains indicating virus replication. Whereas both strains replicated in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and infected the skin of 8-day-old ECE, only the virulent strain (NDFLtag-GFP) spread to internal organs (pleura/peritoneum). In 14-day-old ECE, the initial target organs appeared to be the CAM and the lungs for both strains. At 48 h after inoculation, the virulent strain (NDFLtag-GFP) had also spread to the spleen and heart and was detected in a wide-range of embryonic cell types. The kinetics of virus replication and spread in the CAM closely resembled each other in both the 8-day-old and 14-day-old ECE. Infection of 8-day-old and 14-day-old ECE forms a convenient model to investigate tissue tropism of NDV, as well as the kinetics of viral infection. The advantage of using GFP is that samples can be easily screened by direct fluorescence microscopy without any pre-treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) protects against NDV and IBDV.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a highly immunosuppressive disease in chickens. Currently available, live IBDV vaccines can lead to generation of variant viruses. We have developed an alternative vaccine that will not create variant IBDV. By using the reverse genetics approach, we devised a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector from a commonly used vaccine strain LaSota to express the host-protective immunogen VP2 of a variant IBDV strain GLS-5. The gene encoding the VP2 protein of the IBDV was inserted into the most 3'-proximal locus of a full-length NDV cDNA for high-level expression. We successfully recovered the recombinant virus, rLaSota/VP2. The rLaSota/VP2 was genetically stable, at least up to 12 serial passages in chicken embryos, and was shown to express the VP2 protein. The VP2 protein was not incorporated into the virions of recombinant virus. Recombinant rLaSota/VP2 replicated to a titer similar to that of parental NDV strain LaSota in chicken embryos and cell cultures. To assess protective efficacy of the rLaSota/VP2, 2-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with the recombinant virus and challenged with a highly virulent NDV strain Texas GB or IBDV variant strain GLS-5 at 3 weeks postvaccination. Vaccination with rLaSota/VP2 generated antibody responses against both NDV and IBDV and provided 90% protection against NDV and IBDV. Booster immunization induced higher levels of antibody responses against both NDV and IBDV and conferred complete protection against both viruses. These results indicate that the recombinant NDV can be used as a vaccine vector for other avian pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Newcastle disease outbreaks in recent years in western Europe were caused by an old (VI) and a novel genotype (VII).

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, isolated from outbreaks during epizootics between 1992 and 1996 in Western European countries, were compared by restriction enzyme cleavage site mapping of the fusion (F) protein gene between nucleotides 334 and 1682 and by sequence analysis between nucleotides 47 and 435. Both methods revealed that NDV strains responsible for these epizootics belong to two distinct genotypes. Strains derived from sporadic cases in Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland and Austria were classified into genotype VI [6], the same group which caused outbreaks in the Middle East and Greece in the late 1960's and in Hungary in the early 1980's. In contrast, viruses that caused epizootics in Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands, Spain and Italy could be classified into a novel genotype (provisionally termed VII), hitherto undetected in Europe. It is possible that the genotype VII viruses originated in the Far East because they showed a high genetic similarity (97%) to NDV strains isolated from Indonesia in the late 1980's.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1957

An electron microscopic study of incomplete virus formation; infection of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with chick embryo-adapted Newcastle disease virus (NDV).

The morphologic changes occurring in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells infected with chick embryo-adapted Newcastle disease virus were studied with phase microscope, conventional light microscope, and electron microscope. Intracytoplasmic inclusions appeared 2 to 4 hours following infection and progressively increased in size and numbers until cytolysis occurred. No significant alterations in mitochondria or other cell organelles were detected during the initial period of inclusion development. The inclusions were composed of a multilaminated shell, probably derived from the agranular reticulum of the EAT cell, surrounding an inner core packed with dense particles, measuring 3 to 14 mmicro in diameter. These particles were tentatively identified as the newly synthesized "incomplete virus" which had been previously demonstrated by fluorescent antibody techniques. The possible role of the inclusions is discussed.

Animals↗