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PubMed1965

[PENTRIUM].

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Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed2003

Long-term effect of molsidomine and pentaerythrityl tetranitrate on cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We studied the effects of long-term administration of molsidomine and pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) on the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). One control and three experimental groups of 10-week-old animals were used: 1) control Wistar rats, 2) SHR, 3) SHR treated with molsidomine in tap water (100 mg/kg/day, by gavage), and 4) SHR treated with PETN in tap water (200 mg/kg/day, by gavage). After six weeks, the content of cGMP in platelets and NO synthase (NOS) activity in aortas were evaluated in the experimental groups. For morphological evaluation the rats were perfused at 120 mm Hg with a glutaraldehyde fixative and the arteries were processed for electron microscopy. Blood pressure and heart weight/body weight ratio (HW/BW) were increased in all experimental groups with respect to the controls. HW/BW was lower in the molsidomine group in comparison to both SHR and PETN-treated group. The platelet content of cGMP was increased and the activity of NOS in the aortas was decreased in the molsidomine and PETN-treated groups. Wall thickness and cross-sectional area of thoracic aorta, carotid artery and coronary artery were increased similarly in all experimental groups compared to the controls, but there were no differences among the experimental groups. We summarize that long-term administration of exogenous NO donors did not improve pathological changes of the cardiovascular system in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Accumulation of explosives in hair.

The sorption of explosives (TNT, RDX, PETN, TATP, EGDN) to hair during exposure to their vapors is examined. Three colors of hair were simultaneously exposed to explosive vapor. Following exposure of hair, the sorbed explosive was removed by extraction with acetonitrile and quantified. Results show that sorption of explosives, via vapor diffusion, to black hair is significantly greater than to blond, brown or bleached hair. Furthermore, the rate of sorption is directly related to the vapor density of the explosive: EGDN > TATP >>>TNT >> PETN > RDX. In some cases, the explosive-containing hair was subject to repeated washings with sodium dodecylsulfate or simply left out in an open area to determine the persistence of the explosive contamination. While explosive is removed from hair with time or washing, some persists. These results indicate that hair can be a useful indicator of explosive exposure/handling.

Ethylene Glycols↗
PubMed1990

[Constant-frequency trans-esophageal electric atrial stimulation for evaluation of the severity of illness in patients with stenocardia and the anti-angina effect of erinit].

Constant-frequency transesophageal atrial pacing was used in 87 patients with coronary heart disease concurrent with stable angina pectoris of various functional classes (I-IV). This technique, as a bicycle ergometric test, allows one to assess the functional class of patients with angina and to ascertain the antianginal effect of agents, which was exemplified by erinit given in doses of 80 and 120 mg.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Long-term nitrate therapy in coronary heart disease--loss of effect by developing tolerance].

The therapeutic efficiency of the long-term nitrates in coronary heart disease with exercise-induced heart insufficiency is recently more frequently called in question by observations of a nitrate tolerance. In own long-term studies on 34 patients with coronary heart disease with clinical and haemodynamic evidence (pathologic increase of the end-diastolic pressure of the pulmonary arteries under ergometric load) of an exercise-induced heart insufficiency the efficacy of pentaerythril tetranitrate (PETN) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in chronic dosage titration use was tested. The oral nitrate therapy evoked a clear decrease of the end-diastolic pressure of the pulmonary arteries. The reduction of the values of the pressure of the pulmonary arteries was correlated with adequate clinical findings (significant decrease of the frequency of pectanginous attacks and of the sublingual need of GTN, regression of the ST segment depression). The own results with particular valuation of the microcatherisation of the right heart on exertion plead against a clinically remarkable nitrate tolerance and confirm the efficiency of the at present usual basic medicamentous therapy in patients with coronary heart disease and exercise-induced heart insufficiency.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1989

[Long-term effect of various nitrates in ischemic heart disease and latent heart failure].

In 24 patients (pts) with proven coronary artery disease, stable angina pectoris (AP) and elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) during bicycle exercise, the acute and chronic (4 and 8 months) effects of several long-acting nitrates in different dosages: 50-300 mg pentaerythrityltetranitrate (PETN) or 40-120 mg isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) were evaluated in comparison to sublingual nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin was about 30%-40% more effective than PETN and ISDN with regard to pulmonary artery pressure at exercise. Beneficial effects of both long-acting nitrates were shown with regard to the number of anginal attacks, nitroglycerin consumption, and ST-segment depression both during short- and long-term treatment. Both nitrates decreased exercise pulmonary artery pressure by 15%-20%, at acute testing and during chronic therapy. There was no difference with respect to the long-term effects of both long-acting nitrates. However, more side-effects were observed during ISDN treatment. There were no signs of nitrate tolerance development with the therapy schedules under investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Development and status of nitrate therapy in East Germany].

Nitrates are available in the GDR as: Nitrangin liquidum (0.1 mg glycerol trinitrate/gt.) and Nitrangin isis in 0.3 and 0.8 mg capsules for preventing anginal attacks; Trinitrosan (glycerol trinitrate) for intravenous therapy of ischemic conditions and acute left heart failure; Pentalong 50 (50 mg pentaerythrityl tetranitrate, PETN) for long-term oral therapy. PETN was introduced in 1977 as Pentalong (20 mg), and in a sustained-release form as Pentalong longo (40 mg PETN/dragée: 20 mg in a coated core and 20 mg in capsule form). Patients taking Pentalong longo repeatedly reported undissolved coated pills in their feces due to the varying solubility rates of the coating. It was primarily intended that the coating ensure the sustained release of PETN from the core. Although tests confirmed that 90% of the pill did not release the PETN after 180 min in the "in vitro gastric juice" and of these 90%, another 94% had not released the PETN after 30 min in the "in vitro intestinal juice", it could not be determined what percentage of pill cores did later dissolve and release the PETN during passage through the intestines. Clinical tests on pill cores with eight coatings also revealed no predictable breakdown and release of the core contents. This was not the case with pill cores with five layers of coating, used henceforth for obtaining a sustained release effect with Pentalong longo. However, clinical examinations suggested to abandon sustained release formulations because of the high interindividual release of PETN in the gastrointestinal tract from coated dragées and the drug-inherent sustained action of PETN. The corresponding clinical experiments are the subject of this report.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1989

[Ambulatory therapy regimen in patients following myocardial infarct in relation to echocardiography and the stress test].

In 105 patients at the age of 32-80 years after myocardial infarction the therapy with glycoside, diuretics and coronary pharmaca was analysed in dependence upon anamnesis, clinical treatment, ergometric and echocardiographic findings in the period from the discharge from the hospital to the first year. While glycosides, diuretics and nitrates were frequently prescribed unchanged, the intake of the beta-blockers increased from 19 to 28 per cent and that of the calcium antagonists from 21 to 39 per cent for the first year. In glycosides and diuretics the possible disadvantages of a withdrawal trial in clinically and paraclinically compensated patients were more taken into consideration than the side effects by uncritical administration. On the other hand, the advantages of the beta-receptor blockers and calcium antagonists were obviously not yet exhaustively used.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

[Clinico-functional characteristics of stenocardia and the effectiveness of its treatment with nitrong and erinit].

A study was made of exercise tolerance and indices of central hemodynamics in 151 patients with "isolated" angina and its combination with cardialgia, arterial hypertension and postinfarctional cardiosclerosis. Daily attacks of angina of effort (III functional class) were noted in all the patients. In patients with "isolated" angina and angina in postinfarctional cardiosclerosis exercise tolerance was the lowest. It was the highest in angina combined with cardialgia. The lowest indices of cardiac output were observed in patients with "isolated" angina and angina in postinfarctional cardiosclerosis. The best effect of nitrate therapy was obtained in patients with typical angina.

Adult↗