PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Pain Perception”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effect of short-term use of a centric occlusion stabilization oral appliance on sensory and pain perception thresholds in the cervically innervated area: a pilot study.

This preliminary study was done to determine the effect of short-term use of a centric occlusion stabilization oral appliance with regard to noxious and sensory perception in the upper extremities. The subjects consisted of 22 asymptomatic females, and the experiments were performed on two separate days within the same week, with the days randomly assigned as either appliance-wearing or nonappliance-wearing days. For each experimental day, cool sensation, warm sensation, cold-induced pain and heat-induced pain were measured using a computer-based quantitative testing device, and these thresholds were compared between the experimental days with or without the oral appliance. We found that during the experimental day wearing an oral appliance, subjects had significantly higher thresholds for warm sensation and heat-induced pain. There was no statistical difference between the testing days in cool sensation or cold-induced pain thresholds. These findings indicate that short-term wearing of a centric occlusion stabilization oral appliance may inhibit some noxious and sensory inputs from cervically innervated structures, which are primarily served by unmyelinated C fibers, and that oral appliances may be appropriate for the treatment of painful cervical disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Altered pain perception and inflammatory response in mice lacking prostacyclin receptor.

Prostanoids are a group of bioactive lipids working as local mediators and include D, E, F and I types of prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes. Prostacyclin (PGI2) acts on platelets and blood vessels to inhibit platelet aggregation and to cause vasodilatation, and is thought to be important for vascular homeostasis. Aspirin-like drugs, including indomethacin, which inhibit prostanoid biosynthesis, suppress fever, inflammatory swelling and pain, and interfere with female reproduction, suggesting that prostanoids are involved in these processes, although it is not clear which prostanoid is the endogenous mediator of a particular process. Prostanoids act on seven-transmembrane-domain receptors which are selective for each type. Here we disrupt the gene for the prostacyclin receptor in mice by using homologous recombination. The receptor-deficient mice are viable, reproductive and normotensive. However, their susceptibility to thrombosis is increased, and their inflammatory and pain responses are reduced to the levels observed in indomethacin-treated wild-type mice. Our results establish that prostacyclin is an antithrombotic agent in vivo and provide evidence for its role as a mediator of inflammation and pain.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Self-hypnotic relaxation during interventional radiological procedures: effects on pain perception and intravenous drug use.

The authors evaluated whether self-hypnotic relaxation can reduce the need for intravenous conscious sedation during interventional radiological procedures. Sixteen patients were randomized to a test group, and 14 patients were randomized to a control group. All had patient-controlled analgesia. Test patients additionally had self-hypnotic relaxation and underwent a Hypnotic Induction Profile test. Compared to controls, test patients used less drugs (0.28 vs. 2.01 drug units; p < .01) and reported less pain (median pain rating 2 vs. 5 on a 0-10 scale; p < .01). Significantly more control patients exhibited oxygen desaturation and/or needed interruptions of their procedures for hemodynamic instability. Benefit did not correlate with hypnotizability. Self-hypnotic relaxation can reduce drug use and improve procedural safety.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Experimental pain perception remains equally active over all sleep stages.

The literature on sensory perception during sleep suggests that light sleep (Stage 2) is more responsive to external sensory stimulation (e.g. sound, electrical shock) than deep sleep (Stages 3 and 4) and REM sleep. The main objective of this study was to characterize the specificity of nociceptive stimulation to trigger sleep arousal-awakening over all sleep stages. Thirteen healthy adults (e.g. without pain or sleep problems; six female and seven male of a mean age of 24.2+/-1.3 years) were included in the study. The responses to noxious intramuscular 5% hypertonic infusion were compared to innocuous vibrotactile and to respective control stimulations: isotonic infusion and auditory stimulations. These stimulations were applied during wakefulness and were repeated during sleep. Polygraphic signals (e.g. brain activity, heart rate) signals were recorded to score sleep arousal over all sleep stages. A subjective assessment of sleep quality was made on next morning. No overnight sensitization or habituation occurred with any of the experimental stimulations. The vibratory-auditory stimulations and the noxious hypertonic infusions triggered significantly (P < 0.05) more awakenings in sleep Stage 2 and in REM than their respective control stimulations. In sleep Stage 2, both vibratory + auditory stimulations and the noxious hypertonic infusions has the same awakening response frequency (approximately 30%), however, with the noxious infusions the response frequency were similar in sleep Stages 3 and 4 (P < 0.05) and in REM (trend). Compared to the baseline night, sleep quality was lower following the night with noxious stimulation (90.1+/-2.7 and 73.3+/-7.4 mm, respectively; P < 0.03. These data suggest that pain during sleep could trigger a sleep awaking response over all sleep stages and not only in light sleep.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of needle acupuncture on pain perception and functional impairment of patients with coxarthrosis].

OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of acupuncture treatment in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip was tested. DESIGN: This is a prospective, randomized, controlled patient and examiner blinded clinical trial. PATIENTS AND SETTING: The study was performed at a university department for physical medicine and rehabilitation. Sixty-seven patients were separated into two treatment groups. INTERVENTIONS: Group 1 (treatment) had traditional needle placement and manipulation, whereas in group 2 (control) needles were placed away from classic positions and not manipulated. In both groups needles were placed within the L2 to L5 dermatomes. Endpoints were pain (VAS), functional impairment (hip score), activity of daily living (ADL) and overall satisfaction before treatment, 2 weeks and 2 months post-intervention. RESULTS: For all endpoints there was a significant improvement in both groups 2 weeks and 2 months following treatment versus baseline, but no significant difference between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from these results that needle placement in the area of the affected hip by itself improves symptoms of osteoarthritis. It appears to be less important to follow the rules of traditional acupuncture techniques.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Visceral pain perception is determined by the duration of colitis and associated neuropeptide expression in the mouse.

BACKGROUND: Even though inflammation is a traditional tool for the induction of hyperalgesia in many tissues, recent observations suggest that not all inflammatory processes produce this change. Tolerance to colorectal distension (CRD) is reduced in patients with acute ulcerative colitis but is increased in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. This suggests that the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate influences visceral perception. AIM: To test this hypothesis by assessing responses to CRD in mice with mild, acute or chronic colitis. METHODS: CRD responses were measured in mice with mild non-specific colitis, and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute and chronic colitis. Responses were compared with tissue infiltrate and damage, interleukin (IL)1beta and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and substance P, beta-endorphin and micro opioid receptor (MOR) expression. RESULTS: Mild and acute colitis were associated with increased responsiveness to CRD. In contrast, CRD responses were not increased in mice with chronic colitis and this difference was not due to altered colonic wall compliance. MPO and IL1beta levels were greater in acute than in chronic colitis. Larger increases in tissue substance P were seen in acute than in chronic DSS, whereas CD4 T cells, beta-endorphin and MOR expression were evident only in chronic colitis. An inverse correlation was seen between substance P and MOR in these tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Acute colitis increased responsiveness to CRD and is accompanied by an acute inflammatory infiltrate and increased tissue substance P. Chronic DSS is accompanied by an increase in beta-endorphin and MOR expression, and CD4 T cells, but no change in compliance or CRD responses. We conclude that acute inflammation generates hyperalgesia, whereas chronic inflammation involves infiltration by lymphocytes accompanied by MOR and beta-endorphin up regulation, and this provides an antinociceptive input that restores normal visceral perception.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Perception of pain following aerobic exercise.

The literature regarding the effect of exercise on pain is equivocal. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the influence of an acute bout of exercise on pain threshold (PT) and pain ratings (PR). A secondary purpose was to measure heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and state anxiety (SA) responses. Pressure (3000-g force) was applied to the middle digit of the right forefinger for 2 min with the Forgione-Barber pain stimulator before and following (5 min of cycling at 75% VO2max. Quiet rest consisted of sitting quietly for 30 min in a sound-dampened chamber. Order was counterbalanced, randomly assigned, and performed on different days. Data was analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA for multifactor experiments. PT was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and PR were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the exercise condition 5 min post-exercise in comparison with quiet rest. Changes in pain perception were accompanied by lower SBP (P < 0.03) and higher HR (P < 0.0001). in the exercise condition. It is concluded that an acute bout of exercise is associated with changes in pain perception.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Information effect on the perception of pain during electromyography.

Pain during the performance of electromyography (EMG) is an important clinical problem because pain distresses the patient and can interfere with diagnostic accuracy. We hypothesized that anxiety and pain perception associated with EMG would decrease if patients received written material describing the EMG before examination. Forty-two subjects received written material and 30 did not. Information before the test significantly decreased pain perception for women during the nerve conduction studies (p = .008), but not during the needle examination. A similar effect was not identified for the men. Other results indicate that women perceive the test as more painful than do men, older subjects perceive more pain and experience greater anxiety than do younger subjects, and all subjects perceive greater pain during the performance of (concentric, bipolar) needle electromyography than during the nerve conduction studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Ethnocultural and educational differences in Israeli women correlate with pain perception in fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical features of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) in 2 ethnic groups in Israel. METHODS: One hundred women with FM participated in the study; 70 were of Sephardic (Mediterranean) origin and 30 of Ashkenazic (European-American) origin. Assessment of FM related symptoms, tenderness, quality of life, and physical functioning was conducted in all subjects. Analysis of covariance and multivariate regression were performed to study the association between these measures and ethnicity, controlling for age and education. RESULTS: Sephardic patients with FM reported more frequent and more severe symptoms than Ashkenazic patients. They had higher point counts and decreased quality of life. When the patients were divided into 2 age groups (age 45 being the cutoff point), the differences were observed only among the older subjects, most of whom were immigrants. Sephardic older patients had significantly higher point counts than Ashkenazic patients, and lower tenderness thresholds. They reported significantly higher levels of pain, fatigue, and stiffness, and were less satisfied with their life. However, these differences observed between the 2 ethnic groups in the univariate data analysis disappeared when age and education were jointly controlled in multivariate regression analysis. Age had significantly contributed to the variation in the point count, the reported pain, and physical functioning. Education made a significant contribution in explaining the point count, quality of life, pain, and fatigue. CONCLUSION: Education, rather than ethnic identity, has been found to be an important factor in clinical features of FM. Future studies should include ethnocultural and educational assessment, especially in countries with high immigration rates and diverse ethnic groups, such as the USA and Canada.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Factors influencing the altered pain perception in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Recent studies have demonstrated a hypoalgesia in hypertensive subjects. This study reports and evaluates factors responsible for the expression of the hypoalgesic behavior demonstrated by genetically hypertensive rats of the Okamoto-Aoki strain (SHR) as compared to normotensive age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Analgesiometric assays were conducted by the hot plate method. SHR's hypoalgesic behavior was reversed by subcutaneously administered naloxone. The intravenous administration of naloxone did not alter arterial pressure or heart rate in either SHR or WKY. Subcutaneous administration of the peripherally acting ganglionic blocker hexamethonium bromide at a dose which lowered mean arterial blood pressure and thus decreased tonic baroreceptor stimulation, concomitantly reversed the SHR hypoalgesic behavior and induced a hyperalgesia in WKY. Denervation of the sino-aortic baroreceptors failed to alter the hypoalgesic behavior demonstrated by SHR. Denervation of the right vagal nerve trunk with associated cardiopulmonary baroreceptor afferents resulted in a reduction of the SHR hypoalgesic behavior and produced a hyperalgesic behavior in WKY as compared to age-matched sham operated controls over a 4 week period. These data suggest a possible physiological role for vagal afferent systems in the concomitant regulation of resting arterial blood pressure and responsiveness to aversive environmental stimuli. A discussion of the interaction between blood pressure and pain regulatory systems as potential substrates associated with the onset and maintenance of hypertension is provided.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Legal consequences and ethical dilemmas of pain perception in persistent vegetative states.

"Persistent vegetative state" (PVS) describes brain-damaged patients who survive their injuries in a sleeplike, insensible state, with periodic awakenings. Due to technological advances, such individuals can sustain biological existence for prolonged periods of time. Their existence results in a dichotomy between the legal and medical interpretations of persistent vegetative states, giving rise to ethical conflicts. The author reviews the limitations in our understanding of what PVS signifies for the afflicted individual, and explores the conflicts arising from such limitations that may impact an individual's right to live or die. The author concludes that the medical community has yet to adopt consistent clinical criteria to diagnose PVS and that a universal standard for PVS is needed to avoid the abuse of vegetative individuals' rights.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1983

Possible medullary kappa hyperalgesic mechanism. I. A new potential role for endogenous opioid peptides in pain perception.

The kappa-agonist, ethylketazocine, produces hyperalgesia in the acutely decerebrated dog as indicated by a shortening of the skin twitch reflex latency whereas fentanyl is inactive. Naloxone produces analgesia and antagonizes the hyperalgesic effect of ethylketazocine. Spinal cord transection decreases the latency of the skin twitch reflex and allowed the analgesic effect of fentanyl and ethylketazocine on this nociceptive reflex to become manifest. These observations indicate that there is a non-opioid analgesic and kappa hyperalgesic mechanism present in the pontine-medullary region of the dog brainstem. It suggests that the hyperalgesic mechanism is mediated by an endogenous kappa-opioid peptide and that the analgesic effect of naloxone is in part related to antagonism of the activity of this hyperalgesia producing opioid peptide.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cloning and evaluation of the role of rat GALR-2, a novel subtype of galanin receptor, in the control of pain perception.

We have identified a novel subtype of galanin receptor (GALR-2) in rat dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. The open reading frame of GALR-2 is 1116 nucleotides long, encoding a protein of 372 amino acids with a theoretical molecular mass of 40.7 kD. Membranes prepared from stable pools of 293 cells expressing GALR-2, but not wild-type 293 cells, demonstrated high affinity galanin binding sites. Rat galanin and galanin-related peptides M40, C7, M15, and galanin effectively competed for binding; peptide C7 demonstrated a lower affinity for rGALR-2, and all these peptides were agonists at rGALR-2 when assessed on a microphysiometer. Studies on the expression of GALR-2 in various tissues by Northern and in situ hybridization analyses suggest a low abundance but wide distribution of GALR-2 mRNA, including several discrete areas in brain and spinal cord and a high abundance in the dorsal root ganglia.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Psychological determinants of anginal pain perception during exercise testing of stable patients after recovery from acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris.

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that psychological factors are determinants of anginal symptoms during positive exercise tests. The sample consisted of clinically stable patients who were enrolled in the Multicenter Study of Myocardial Ischemia 1 to 6 months after admission to a coronary care unit. Among 186 post-myocardial infarction patients, 151 developed ischemia (i.e., a stress-induced myocardial perfusion defect) without symptoms (silent ischemia) and 35 developed angina with ischemia (symptomatic ischemia) during a thallium exercise test; among 39 patients who had been hospitalized for unstable angina, 24 developed silent ischemia and 15 developed symptomatic ischemia. Two sets of psychometric tests were administered: set 1, factors that influence awareness of physical symptoms, and set 2, factors associated with biases toward or against reporting perceived symptoms. Two hundred eleven patients produced complete data in each set. Analysis of set 1 factor scores revealed significant effects of symptom status (p = 0.006) and index event (p = 0.02), but no interaction. No effects were found in set 2. Patients who are clinically stable after recovery from an acute coronary event and who experience angina during exercise testing are more aware of physical symptoms in general than are comparable patients with silent ischemia. Psychological biases toward or against reporting perceived symptoms do not differentiate these groups. Thus, it appears that silent ischemia is probably "silent" in the sense of being truly asymptomatic rather than of stoic endurance or denial of perceived symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Effects of centrally administered vasopressin on orofacial pain perception in rats.

Vasopressin (AVP) appears in the cerebrospinal fluid and plays an important role in nociceptive modulation in the central nervous system. The effect of increased concentration of AVP in the cerebrospinal fluid on the excitability of the hypoglossal nerve nucleus was investigated. The experiments were carried out on rats under chloralose anesthesia. Amplitudes of the retractory evoked tongue jerks (ETJ) of the outstretched tongue during the perfusion of cerebral ventricles with solutions containing AVP or its antagonists and also opioid and serotonin antagonists were recorded. Perfusion of the ventricles with AVP in 100 microM concentration suppressed the ETJ amplitude to 66 +/- 3.83%, and in 200 microM concentration, to 53 +/- 3.18% of the control. V1 vasopressin receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5,Tyr(Me)AVP, blocked the suppressive effect caused by cerebral ventricle perfusion with AVP from 64 +/- 4.11% to 83 +/- 1.58%, whereas V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5[Ile2, Ile4]AVP, did not block the antinociceptive effect of AVP. Analgesic effect of AVP was also inhibited by opioid and serotonin receptor antagonists, naloxone and methysergide, respectively. Naloxone blocked the suppressive effect of 100 microM AVP from 64 +/- 5.63% to 92 +/- 3.70% and methysergide from 65 +/- 3.62% to 80 +/- 2.72% of the control. The results indicate that exogenous AVP plays an antinociceptive role in the brain of rats penetrating the lining of the cerebral ventricles into the cerebrospinal fluid and exerting a modulating effect on the tongue motor center situated near III and IV cerebral ventricle. V1 vasopressin receptor, but not V2 vasopressin receptor, is involved in this activity in the CNS. The antinociception of AVP seems to be mediated by opioid and serotonergic pathways.

Analysis of Variance↗