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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[The duty of notification for pathologists according to the infectious disease control act. Tuberculosis as dominating disease].

The Infectious Disease Control Act enacted in Germany in 1.1.2001 led to a duty of notification also for institutes of pathologic-anatomical diagnostics. All reports within 45 months after enacting concerning diseases and agents being subject to registration were evaluated. Among the notifiable diseases with fatal outcome ( section sign 6) belonged 3 cases of Meningococcus sepsis, 13 of tuberculosis und 5 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. During lifetime 54% of tuberculosis cases remained undetected. Notifiable agents ( section sign 7.1) concerned 92 times Mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex, twice Influenza Virus and one case of Cryptosporidiosis and Giardia lamblia each. Six Echinococcus granulosus cysts were reported ( section sign 7.2). Notification needs exact diagnosis of infectious diseases and agents being subject of registration. By this pathologists participate in the control of infectious diseases.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1998

[What does the urologist expect and hope for from the pathologist in diagnosis of prostate carcinoma].

Prostate cancer has become the most common cancer in males in Western countries. In the United States 317,000 men were newly diagnosed with this disease in 1996. Screening efforts will identify increasing numbers of men who will be scheduled for prostate biopsy. Since the progression of prostate cancer varies widely from rapid tumor growth with early distant metastases to slow growth with good prognosis, it is of utmost importance that prognostic parameters be identified which allow the course of the disease to be predicted. Thus, the correct pathohistological staging, the evaluation of different grading systems, and the biological impact of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy requires collaboration between urologists and pathologists.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2002

The role of the pathologist in the management of neuroblastoma.

The role of the pathologist in the management of neuroblastoma, in the context of the team approach to these lesions, is discussed. The importance of the provision of fresh material is stressed, and the prognostic importance of histology and ancillary tests is noted. Participation by the team in a children's cancer study group is a vital component of current and future treatment methods.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2006

Atherosclerosis research from past to present--on the track of two pathologists with opposing views, Carl von Rokitansky and Rudolf Virchow.

It is now clear that inflammation plays a key role in atherogenesis. As a matter of fact, signs of inflammation of atherosclerotic plaques have been observed for centuries and also constituted the basis for a fierce controversy in the 19th century between the prominent Austrian pathologist Carl von Rokitansky and his German counterpart, Rudolf Virchow. While the former attributed a secondary role to these inflammatory arterial changes, Virchow considered them to be of primary importance. We had the unique opportunity to address this controversy by investigating atherosclerotic specimens from autopsies performed by Carl von Rokitansky up to 178 years ago. Twelve atherosclerotic arteries originally collected between the years 1827 to 1885 were selected from the Collection Rokitansky of the Federal Museum of Pathological Anatomy, Vienna Medical University. Using modern sophisticated immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques, it was shown that various cellular intralesional components, as well as extracellular matrix proteins, were preserved in the historic atherosclerotic specimens. Most importantly, CD3 positive cells were abundant in early lesions, thus, rather supporting Virchows's view, that inflammation is an initiating factor in atherogenesis. Furthermore, we hope to have opened a new and intriguing possibility to study various pathological conditions using valuable historical specimens.

Atherosclerosis↗
PubMed1986

Obstetric malpractice litigation: the pathologist's view.

In obstetric malpractice litigation, there are two main bases of defense: the clinical basis and the pathogenesis basis. The malpractice suit in most cases involves an infant delivered at term that later develops cerebral palsy. Despite the fact that much information has been elucidated about the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy, the defense is often jeopardized by an inadequate presentation of relevant causal mechanisms, pathogenesis. Studies in recent years with correlated clinical and pathologic investigations have provided evidence that the occurrence of cerebral palsy is a time marker, reflecting cerebral damage incurred during the premature period, and does not result from the events of labor and delivery at term. There is broad need generally and in legal situations for clinicians and pathologists to become knowledgeable in comprehensively correlating obstetric factors with fetal-neonatal systemic pathologic conditions and with neuropathologic effects.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

Why all placentas should be examined by a pathologist in 1990.

Placental pathology is rarely a part of the training for either obstetrician or pathologist. As a result there has been confusion regarding the potential benefits of routine placental examination. These benefits include clarification of the causes of many adverse pregnancy outcomes, improvement of the risk assessment for future pregnancies, and ascertainment of newborn risk for long-term neurodevelopment sequelae. Information on placental abnormalities may reveal the presence of chronic fetal insults and allow their differentiation from acute (peripartum) stresses. Current methods of risk assessment fail to identify the majority of pregnancies that end in prematurity, stillbirth, growth retardation, or fetal distress. We suggest that placental pathology should be a routine component of obstetric-neonatal care.

Amnion↗
PubMed1996

Timeliness of automated routine laboratory tests: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study of 653 institutions.

Benchmarks for timeliness of early morning routine clinical laboratory tests were developed from over 17,000 urea nitrogen and 16,000 white blood cell count measurements made for inpatients in 653 institutions participating in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program. Urea nitrogen and white blood cell counts were considered surrogates for routine chemistry and hematology tests. Laboratories at the 50th percentile reported median urea nitrogen and white blood cell counts by 09.04 and 08.51 h, respectively, whereas those at the 10th percentile reported these median measurements by 11.30 and 11.18 h, respectively. Results were available sooner in non-teaching than teaching institutions, and in smaller rather than larger institutions, with the degree of computerization affecting test availability. Timeliness also was affected by instrument type and mode of operation, but was unaffected by the percentage of stat testing. Based on modeling by regression analysis, there was little evidence that longer routine test turnaround times affect patient length of stay.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMed1981

Training speech pathologists through microtherapy.

Two microtraining methods were evaluated for training speech pathologists in the acquisition of skills utilized in treating misarticulations. Fifteen subjects in an introductory class in speech pathology were randomly placed in two groups (modeling, video replay, and counseling versus video replay and counseling). The training included reading a manual about the skills and a sequence of three teach sessions. The control group did not view the video model. According to the results, the model group made a greater gain score (M = 8.38) than the nonmodel group (M = 3.88). Significant gains were made for both experimental groups between teach sessions one and two, but no significant gains were made between the second and third teach sessions.

Books↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of the effects of two supervisory styles, conventional and teaching clinic, in the training of speech and language pathologists.

This study compared the teaching clinic, a group form of supervision, to the conventional one-to-one method of supervision. The purpose was to determine if the conventional or teaching clinic method was more conducive to the development of self-supervisory behaviors in student speech pathologists as measured by the talk behaviors that occurred during the supervisory conference. Two matched groups of five clinicians participated in conventional supervision for 4 wk and in teaching-clinic supervision for 4 wk. Two supervisors alternately supervised both groups. The supervisory conferences were videotaped at 2-wk intervals. Segments of the conferences were coded using the Calutta/Seltzer supervisory observation system. The results indicated that the conventional and teaching clinic methods of supervision are viable supervisory methodologies which cannot be differentiated on the basis of talk behaviors occurring during the supervisory conference. Self-supervisory talk behaviors were generated with both methods.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Histopathologic diagnosis of dysplastic nevi: concordance among pathologists convened by the World Health Organization Melanoma Programme.

Dysplastic nevi are an important indicator of risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The study of and, particularly, international communication regarding this group of lesions have been hindered by a lack of precision in diagnosis. In an effort to broaden understanding, a panel of pathologists agreed upon a set of criteria for the diagnosis of dysplastic melanocytic nevi. Two major and four minor criteria were defined. The major criteria are (1) basilar proliferation of atypical nevomelanocytes (extending at least three rete ridges or "pegs" beyond any dermal nevo-cellular component), and (2) organization of this proliferation in a lentiginous or epithelioid-cell pattern. Minor criteria are (1) the presence of lamellar fibrosis or concentric eosinophilic fibrosis, (2) neovascularization, (3) inflammatory response, and (4) fusion of rete ridges. Diagnosis required presence of both major criteria and at least two minor criteria. One hundred fourteen histologic specimens of benign acquired nevi, dysplastic nevi, and radial-growth-phase melanomas were examined by the members of this panel; their diagnoses were compared to determine degree of concordance. The established criteria yielded 92% mean concordance overall.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

College of American Pathologists "Series X" program.

Physical parameters that control detectability of low contrast lesions by current Nuclear Medicine imaging instruments are presented. The findings were derived from statistical analysis of data collected over a period of 6 yr by the Nuclear Medicine Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists using the external Quality Control technique known as Interlaboratory Comparison.

Canada↗
PubMed1995

The pathologist in virology.

While the study of a virus may be the domain of a virologist or molecular biologist, an understanding of the pattern and dynamics of a viral disease in the animal requires a multidisciplinary attack by a team that includes a pathologist. This balance is particularly needed in the field where natural disease can be subject to influential variables such as duration of infection, immune status of the population and the presence of intercurrent infectious agents that may be latent or superimposed. Complicating agents vary widely from region to region, e.g. Africa compared with South-east Asia. Accurate diagnosis of a field outbreak may therefore be difficult in the absence of a full battery of diagnostic tools. The design of investigations is critical to the proper interpretation of findings.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pathologist's view of multiple murder.

A study of cases of multiple murder suggests that they may be classified in three groups. In one a number of people are killed secretly and their bodies concealed; in the second the deaths are contrived so as to appear to be natural or accidental; in the third no attempt is made to conceal the obvious serial homicides. Each group presents the pathologist with different problems. The author gives examples from his own experience as well as from the literature, and makes suggestions for further research.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed1993

In vitro susceptibility test practices with Haemophilus influenzae among College of American Pathologists survey participants in the United States.

Questionnaire results from 5233 clinical microbiology laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists (CAP) survey program in the United States were used to establish current standards of practice with respect to in vitro susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae. The results of this CAP survey indicated that the recently developed National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines for H. influenzae susceptibility tests have been widely adopted, particularly with regard to the medium used to perform susceptibility tests. Haemophilus test medium (HTM) is now the most commonly used medium and there exists a general level of satisfaction (approximately 80%) with medium performance. Specific methodologic recommendations of the NCCLS, however, are often not being followed, for example, length and atmosphere of incubation and means of preparing inocula. beta-Lactamase assays constitute a very commonly employed means of assessing ampicillin activity. Among susceptibility test methods, disk diffusion (82.2%) is much more commonly used compared with broth microdilution (17.8%) procedures. Data are provided regarding the most commonly tested antimicrobials as well as some of the problems encounted when using current NCCLS methods for susceptibility tests with H. influenzae. Finally, the CAP survey questionnaire revealed that many laboratories have applied HTM to susceptibility tests with other fastidious bacteria such as pathogenic Neisseria sp., streptococci, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Culture Media↗
PubMed2005

Current status of small peripheral adenocarcinomas of the lung and their importance to pathologists.

There has been a large amount of work done recently on small peripheral stage I adenocarcinomas that come to resection. Radiological (including proportion of ground glass opacity) and pathological features of these lesions (predominant bronchioloalveolar component, central scar with or without invasion <0.5 cm) have been shown to be prognostically favorable with cure rate approaching 100% in some series. Most of these studies emanate from Japan. The relevance of these studies to other parts of the world, particularly North America, is discussed in light of the fact that some recent chemotherapeutic studies with gefitinib have shown increased response in individuals of Asian origin, suggesting that some genetic differences may be significant. The relevance of these findings to pathologists and the pathological study of small peripheral adenocarcinomas from elsewhere in the world are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pathology of sudden cardiac death in patients with ischemic heart disease--arrhythmology for anatomic pathologists.

The goal of this review is to help anatomic pathologists interpret the significance of pathologic changes in the hearts of patients with coronary artery disease who died suddenly of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. Attention is focused on dynamic interactions between triggering events, such as acute ischemia, and stable anatomic substrates of arrhythmias, such as healed myocardial infarcts. A basic knowledge of arrhythmia mechanisms is necessary to understand the role of pathologic anatomy in the pathophysiology of sudden death.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2006

Surveillance of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: The gastroenterologist-pathologist partnership.

Cancer prevention in inflammatory bowel disease depends on the detection of precancerous dysplasia during scheduled screening and surveillance colonoscopy, but the detection and diagnosis of dysplasia remain challenging. In this article, we review the risks of cancer and dysplasia in ulcerative colitis and the current prevention recommendations, and through a sample case, we demonstrate an approach that involves an active partnership between the gastroenterologist or surgeon and pathologist. We address the challenge of management of polypoid lesions and incorporate new information about degree of inflammation as an additional risk of neoplasia in these patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗