Limited access. Contraceptive costs may impede use.
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Thailand is a Southeast Asian country in rapid transition. It is considered to be food self-sufficient and an important food exporter in the world market. Quantitative data reveal that overall, the population of Thailand consumed a sufficient amount of most macronutrients and micronutrients, except for calcium. Nevertheless, there exist considerable problems of under- and overnutrition, due to unbalanced development in the past 40 y. Programs to increase animal source food intake in Thailand can be categorized into three main types: 1) programs to increase production; 2) programs to increase accessibility; and 3) programs to increase consumption. Overall production of fish, egg, chicken and pork has been adequate; and only beef and milk products need to be imported. To improve access for the poor, the National Poverty Alleviation Plan has been implemented since 1981. In terms of consumption, the Royal Thai government has promoted overall nutritious diets, but does not have national programs to promote animal source foods specifically, except for milk. Programs to increase milk, fish and micronutrient consumption are highlighted. Also, some lessons learned and suggestions for future programs and research are discussed.
This article uses linked data from the 1995 Morocco DHS calendar and the 1992 Morocco DHS service-availability module to study the effect of service environment on contraceptive discontinuation, switching, and adoption of a modern method following a birth. The 1995 Morocco DHS also collected information on the source of supply for each episode of use of a modern method recorded in the calendar, allowing study of the association between the source of supply and discontinuation and switching rates. Multilevel event-history models are used to evaluate the impact of individual-level sociodemographic characteristics and community-level indicators of family planning service provision. The findings show that the presence of a nearby public health center is associated with higher modern-method adoption after a birth and lower method-failure rates; the presence of a pharmacy is associated with lower discontinuation due to side effects or health concerns. The degree of method-choice potential has a positive impact on both the rate of switching from the pill to another modern method and on modern-method adoption after a birth.
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