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PubMed2003

Study of awareness of tick-borne diseases among children and young people in the Czech Republic.

In the 2000 and 2001 years, there was performed a study which has given some insight on the knowledge of youths about ticks and tick-borne diseases. Two thousand seven hundred and sixty-three respondents from 6 to 26 years of age took part in this investigation. More than 98% of respondents knew about the existence of ticks. Almost 93% of children and 97% of adolescents reported that ticks feed on blood. Although the majority of respondents aged 10 to 26 years is convinced that ticks live on vegetation, 23% of them supposed that ticks jump on humans from trees. As many as 93.5% of youths knew that Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks. The main sources of information about Lyme disease for students and pupils older than 10 years of age are television and radio (40.9%) and the press (37.5%). The frequency of contact of young people with ticks is high--90.4% of children younger than 12 years, and 93.7% of youths from 10 to 26 years of age had at least once an attached tick. 56.1% of youths older than 10 years use oil to remove an attached tick. Almost 23.7% remove ticks with bare hands. People used those methods of tick removal although even children younger than 12 years of age knew that it was an incorrect habit. After removing, a tick is most frequently burned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Pollen monitoring in Poland].

The author presents the history of aerobiological studies in Poland. The first scientist to undertake research regarding this problem in Poland was Mieczysław Obtułowicz. The research on this topic was resumed again in Krakow and Rabka in the 1960s. since 1989, constant measurements of plant pollen and fungal spore concentrations have been conducted by volumetric methods in over ten sites in Poland, in a network created by P. Rapiejko. In 1989 the first pollen report, worked out by the Allergen Research Centre appeared in daily newspapers. Pollen information (current data reports and forecast) is available to the public through radio broadcasts, television and newspapers. Pollen calendar for Poland is presented. Pollen sampling methods employed in these studies are also briefly described.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

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Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed2003

Symptoms, signs, and clinical diagnoses according to the research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders among Finnish multiprofessional media personnel.

AIMS: To apply the Finnish version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis I to assess the occurrence of symptoms, signs, and specific subgroups of TMD, and to study the associations between the most common diagnoses and categoric demographic characteristics (gender, age group, marital status, type of work). METHODS: All 30- to 55-year-old employees of the Finnish Broadcasting Company with at least 5 years at their current employment received postal questionnaires (n = 1784). Of the 1339 respondents (75%), a randomly selected one fifth were clinically examined according to the RDC/TMD Axis I (n = 241, males 48%). RESULTS: Pain symptoms in the face or jaw regions were perceived by 14.9% and pain with 1 or more jaw movements by 9.1%. Diagnoses by the RDC/TMD criteria were: Group I: myofascial pain in 12.9%, myofascial pain with limited opening in 0.4%; Group II: disc displacement with reduction in the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in 9.1% and in the left TMJ in 10.8%; Group III: arthralgia in 0.4% and 0.8%, osteoarthritis in 0% and 0.4%, and osteoarthrosis in 1.2% and 1.2%, respectively, in the right and left TMJs. The most common diagnoses were found more often among women than among men. No TMD diagnosis based on the RDC/TMD was obtained in 73% of the subjects. CONCLUSION: The RDC/TMD appear to be of benefit in diagnosing TMD among these multiprofessional media personnel and thus may be suggested for use among nonpatient populations.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Japanese attitudes towards foreign languages.

The purpose of this study is to clarify Japanese attitudes towards foreign languages based on the kinds and changes of TV and radio programs that aired on the Japanese national broadcasting station (NHK) between 1955 and 2000. Foreign language programs are classified into three groups according to their content: 1) cultivation, 2) education, or 3) communication. For Japanese people, foreign languages are the measures of intelligence and intellect. Studying a foreign language is considered a sign of intelligence whether or not it is used for actual communication. The number of foreign language programs has increased tremendously since 1965 in part because the global economy has brought many countries in such close contact. Since 1990, programs for the purpose of communication have increased because of the necessity to communicate with foreign people. Japanese attitudes towards studying foreign languages have been changing gradually from an intellectual purpose to a communication purpose.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed2005

Rural and semi-urban differences in salt intake, and its dietary sources, in Ashanti, West Africa.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a socioeconomic profile of rural and semi-urban settings in Ashanti, West Africa and to investigate the relationship between urbanization and sources of salt in the diet. SETTING: 12 villages (6 rural, 6 semi-urban) participating in a cluster randomized controlled trial of a health promotion in the Ashanti region of Ghana. PARTICIPANTS: 1013 adult men (N = 385) and women (N = 628), aged 40-75. METHOD: Between June 2001 and June 2002, participants completed a detailed questionnaire on demography, occupation and education, housing, radio and television use, personal and family medical history, drug therapy, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diet. RESULTS: 532 subjects lived in semi-urban and 481 in rural communities. Ninety-two percent of the participants were of the Ashanti tribe and 94% spoke Twi. The semi-urban villages were closer to Kumasi, the second largest city in Ghana, had larger population (1727 vs 1100 people) and household sizes (14.6 vs 8.8 persons per household; P < .001), had fewer farmers (53% vs 81%; P < .001) and more traders (22% vs 7%; P < .001), and had more homes with electricity (81% vs 17%; P < .001) and piped water (28% vs 0.2%; P < .05). Semi-urban villagers had higher systolic blood pressure than rural villagers (129 vs 121 mm Hg difference 8 mm Hg [95% CI 5-11]; P < .001). Salt is almost invariably added to food in cooking (98%), and salted foods such as fish and meat are eaten in both communities. Salt is often added at the table (52%), more often in rural villages than in semi-urban settings (59% vs 45%; P < .01), although the total salt consumed as measured by urinary sodium was similar (99 vs 103 mmol/day). Potassium levels were higher in rural villages (58 vs 40 mmol/day difference 18 mmol/day [95% CI 11-26]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In this mainly farming community were clear differences in housing, population structure, and blood pressure between rural and semi-urban communities. While no significant differences were in the amount of salt consumed, the sources of salt differed between rural and semi-urban settings. Finally, rural villagers ate more potassium than semi-urban participants.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Successfully recruiting a multicultural population: the DASH-Sodium experience.

Recruiting practices employed by the four clinical centers participating in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Sodium trial were examined to assess the most successful method of obtaining participants and to describe pertinent learning experiences gained as a result of the trial. The primary recruitment strategies employed by each center were mass mailing brochures (direct, coupon packs, or other) and mass media (advertisements in newspapers, radio, and television spots). Of 412 randomized participants, 265 (64%) were from mass distribution of brochures, 62 (15%) mass media, and 85 (21%) were prior study participants, referred by word-of-mouth, or reported coming from screening events and presentations. Although the most successful method of recruitment was mass mailing brochures, three times as many brochures were distributed to obtain similar success as in the initial DASH trial.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New Jersey hospitals renew their identities; part of Meridian Health. Raising awareness of the advantages of a healthcare system.

Meridian Health, Wall, N.J., is a three-hospital system that also includes a network of partner companies. The objectives of this branding campaign were to create a better awareness of the benefits of academic medicine, to close the physician referral loop and to improve internal morale. The objectives were realized by emphasizing the teamwork of the system's doctors and showing their actual faces and voices.

Advertising↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Promoting physical activity: going to school by the Piedibus (walking school bus)].

The Local Health Service of Lecco has proposed the project called Piedibus (Walking school bus), the organisation of safe pedestrian pathways from home to school, in order to promote the increase of physical activity among children. This article describes how the project has been planned and made operational. It provides some results about the community participation and the satisfaction of students, teachers and accompanying volunteers. The project organisation is centered on community participation with large institutional involvement. At the moment (October 2004), independently of weather conditions, 12 Piedibus lines, with more than 500 pupils and 90 accompanying volunteers, are running daily in the Lecco Province. For the next school year 2004-2005 we estimate that the number of lines and users involved will double. The opinion of children, teachers and volunteers has been in general very favourable toward the project: 91.4% of participating students stated they liked the initiative very much and 87.4% among them prefer to go to school by the Piedibus than by any other means. Teacher and volunteers outlined the social value of the project and the increase in physical activity as positive aspects of the project. The overall impact at a province level is outlined by the Media coverage with over 60 articles and numerous radio and television broadcasts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Epilepsy--a review of its development in the world and in Croatia].

Development of studies in epilepsy is presented, primarily in Croatia and briefly with regard to the world. The first epileptology available to the author were those published in Liecnicki viestnik in 1887 by D. Forenbacher (1896), by J. Tyrman, and in 1900 by F. Gutschy. The names Julius, Lopasić, Jelasić appeared from 1937 to 1943. In 1953, initiated by Lopasić in cooperation with Julius and Glaser, the journal Neuropsihijatrija was founded, dealing with neurology, psychiatry and peripheral fields. Thus began a new era in publishing in the field of epilepsy. The first practice for epilepsy was set up in 1952 by Dogan and Hajnsek, assisted by Lopasić, when the first EEG device (Medcraft) became available through UNRRA. By 1956 it expanded into a Clinic for Epilepsy, led by Hajnsek, soon becoming a meeting place for all those interested in epilepsy in children and adults. After two wars of work, the first locally designed EEG devices, produced by Santić and Kolaj, were supplied to six laboratories in 1961 throughout Croatia. In 1962 a section for EEG and Clinical Neurophysiology was founded at the Medical Association of Croatia. That year the Clinic for Epilepsy became the Centre for Epilepsy. In 1964 Croatian Section for EEG and Clinical Neurophysiology was founded in Ohrid, which became very active, organizing a number of meetings and ten symposia throughout former Yugoslavia. In 1972, the Croatian League for providing help to those suffering from epilepsy was founded, functioning independently, and organizing meetings, symposia and participating in the education of what by then had become a significant number of epileptologists treating children and adults, indirectly participating in the organization of more than seventy EEG laboratories throughout Croatia. During the 1990s, the Croatian League against Epilepsy also gained its independence and, with the Croatian Society for Epilepsy, in 1998 became a member of the ILAE and IBE (International Federation League against Epilepsy and International Bureau for Epilepsy). Both organizations are involved in the global campaign against epilepsy, entitled "Out of the Shadows", organizing meetings on the classification of epilepsy, diagnosis, and use of new anti-epileptics alongside those already existing. By giving lectures in kindergartens, schools, on radio and television, they are providing assistance to those suffering from the disease, helping them deal with their socioeconomic problems, in schooling, employment, marriage, having children, appearing before courts, handling themselves in road traffic, and in everyday life.

Croatia↗
PubMed1992

WHO programme for the prevention of rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease in 16 developing countries: report from Phase I (1986-90). WHO Cardiovascular Diseases Unit and principal investigators.

The programme was initiated in 1984 by WHO in close collaboration with the International Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC). Sixteen countries in five WHO Regions participated: Mali, Zambia and Zimbabwe (in Africa); Bolivia, El Salvador and Jamaica (in the Americas); Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan and Sudan (in the Eastern Mediterranean); India, Sri Lanka and Thailand (in South-East Asia); and China, the Philippines and Tonga (in the Western Pacific). The programme was planned for implementation in three phases: pilot study and control programme in a selected area, control programmes in all the selected communities, and their extension to the whole country. In Phase I, a total of 1,433,710 schoolchildren were screened and 3135 cases of rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease (RF/RHD) were found, giving a prevalence of 2.2 per 1000 (higher in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions); 33,651 recently identified or already known cases were registered; completion of secondary prophylaxis was irregular but averaged 63.2% coverage; percentages of adverse reactions (0.3%) and recurrence of acute RF (0.4%) were very small; 24,398 health personnel and teachers were trained. Health education activities were organized for patients, their relatives, and the general public in hundreds of health education sessions. Thousands of pamphlets, brochures and posters were distributed, and health education programmes were broadcast on radio and television. The quality of care for RF/RHD patients improved under the programme, which has been expanded to other areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Perceived sufficiency and usefulness of IEC materials and methods related to HIV/AIDS among high school youth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

This study was conducted to assess the perceived sufficiency and usefulness of HIV/AIDS information, education and communication (IEC) messages and materials as well as to identify preferences for IEC sources and methods. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and focus group discussions. A total of 901 students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, participated in the study. Over three quarters of the respondents believed in the usefulness of IEC. IEC materials were perceived to be useful in increasing knowledge about HIV/AIDS by 456 (51%), to influence attitude by 357 (40%) and to acquire safer sexual practices by 382 (42%) of the respondents. None of the information sources and messages available for high school students highly satisfied the sufficiency indicators. Even though no single information source was highly preferred, radio and television ranked top. Life skills training was the most desired intervention by the students. IEC on HIV/AIDS was able to acquaint students with the disease rather than equipping them with knowledge and skill needed in their daily life. Therefore, appropriate and mutually reinforcing IEC messages with emphasis on life skill training are recommended.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

[Acceptance of screening colonoscopy in the prevention of colorectal cancer in relation to some demographic factors].

UNLABELLED: Colorectal cancer is a quite common neoplasm. Screening colonoscopies and polypectomies can decrease the incidence of that neoplasm by 75%. Discovering the most frequent reasons and most convincing sources of information about the examinations is important for success of screening programme. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to find the connection between some demographic factors, the source of information about the examination and the consent for colonoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of subjects, aged 40-65, were included: 1000 subjects, who gave their consent for colonoscopy and 200 subjects, who refused the examination. The sources of information were two kinds of questionnaires: fulfilled before colonoscopy and in case of lack of consent for the examination, which included demographic data, the reason of undergoing or refusal of colonoscopy and the source of information about the examination. RESULTS: The higher educated were the subjects, the more often they agreed for the examination; among subjects after university 87%, and among subjects with elementary education 71% gave their consent for colonoscopy. The most convincing sources of information were the medial sources; 100% of subjects, who found out about the examination from television and radio, gave their consent for colonoscopy. The most frequent reason of undergoing the examination was prophylaxis (54.6%), and the most frequent reasons of refusal was fear of pain (33.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Educational level and the source of information about the examination are the factors that have an important influence on undergoing screening colonoscopy. Identifying the influence of some demographic factors on the consent for colonoscopy and the efficacy of each source of information seems to be very important for the success of screening colonoscopy programme and therefore for discovering adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge and perceptions of HIV/AIDS and mother to child transmission among antenatal mothers at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching hospital, Nnewi.

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of HIV/AIDS by pregnant mothers is very important in the prevention of mother to child transmission. This study evaluates the knowledge and perceptions of HIV/AIDS and mother to child transmission among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at a University Teaching Hospital. METHODOLOGY: Pre-tested questionnaires were interviewer administered to 312 pregnant women randomly selected at the antenatal clinic of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi. RESULTS: The level of awareness of HIV/AIDS among antenatal mothers was very high (99%) and the main sources of information were radio (44.7%), television (38.8%), and print media (34.0%). Though majority (94.2%) was aware HIV infection can coexist with pregnancy, only 76.9% were aware of mother to child transmission. Transplacental (46.1%), breastfeeding (31.7%), and vaginal delivery (16.3%) were the commonly identified routes of vertical transmission. Surprisingly, eighteen respondents (5.8%) indicated that caesarean section is a possible route of vertical transmission. CONCLUSION: Though the percentage of HIV/AIDS knowledge is high, the level of knowledge and perceptions of mother to child transmission is inadequate. This suggests the need to scale up health education about mother to child transmission in our health facilities.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monitoring the exposure of "America Responds to AIDS" PSA campaign.

The "America Responds to AIDS" campaign is the focal point of an integrated mass communications system for AIDS education and information dissemination developed by the National AIDS Information and Education Program of the Centers for Disease Control. Television and radio public service announcements are an integral part of the campaign. One measure of their success is the extent to which they are aired on both national and local levels. Since 1987, the total dollar value for air time donated to the "America Responds to AIDS" campaign is more than $65 million, representing 47 percent of all donations of air time for AIDS public service announcements. These results suggest that the campaign has been successful in reaching a large proportion of the public.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Michigan health system launches integrated campaign using patient testimonials.

Spectrum Health System in Michigan recently launched The Right Decision campaign, which totes the system's heart center and cancer facilities. The effort is underway with aggressive print ads, television and radio spots, and Web site promotion. The 1,000-bed, acute-care system hopes to raise awareness of the heart and cancer centers through real-life patient testimonials.

Adult↗