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[Salmonella infection in a large general hospital].

In this work the results of the epidemiological survey of the epidemic of salmonellosis in a large hospital with diversified specialization are given. The detailed description of morbidity dynamics with the distribution of the described cases according to the severity of the course of the infectious process, the groups of the most affected patients and the mechanism of the transmission of infection under hospital conditions is presented. This epidemic of salmonellosis is considered from the viewpoint of the theory of the self-regulation of parasitic systems. The characteristic features of nosocomial salmonellosis, detected in the course of the epidemiological survey, make it possible to determine the main trends in the prophylaxis of this infection in a large hospital.

Carrier State↗
PubMed2000

How many foodborne outbreaks of Salmonella infection occurred in France in 1995? Application of the capture-recapture method to three surveillance systems.

Despite control measures, foodborne outbreaks of non-typhi Salmonella infection continue to occur in developed countries. The authors aimed to assess the number of foodborne Salmonella outbreaks that occurred in France in 1995 using a capture-recapture approach. Data from three sources--the National Public Health Network (NPHN), the Ministry of Agriculture (MA), which receives mandatory notification, and the National Salmonella and Shigella Reference Center (NRC)-were collected. Matching algorithms permitted identification of matched outbreaks. The total number of outbreaks was estimated by log-linear modeling taking into account source dependencies and the variable catchability. The final estimate was adjusted for the positive predictive value (66%) of the NRC case definition. The dependence between the NPHN and the MA was also evaluated by means of a qualitative survey. A total of 716 foodborne Salmonella outbreaks were reported to the three sources, and 108 matches were identified. The best-fitting model, taking into account a positive dependence between the NPHN and MA sources, gave an estimate of 757 outbreaks. The sensitivity was 15% for the NPHN, 10% for the MA, and 50% for the NRC. In France, routine mandatory reporting of foodborne Salmonella outbreaks is very incomplete, and it is not representative of the serotype and the type of outbreak.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1975

Salmonella infection in poultry.

Poutry may require a wide range of salmonella serotypes from various sources including feedingstuffs, breeding flocks, rodents, wild birds and other vectors. Clinical disease is uncommon, but all infections are of importance as potential sources of food poisoning in man.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

[Design and improvement of an elective culture medium for bacteriological diagnosis of Salmonella infection].

Experimental studies have provided a nutrient broth for elective accumulation of Salmonella (MA broth) and a differential diagnostic culture medium for selective isolation of the causative agents of Salmonella toxic infections. The MA broth is used for bacteriological isolation of salmonellae from the low-infected material and for a sanitary-and-bacteriological study of meat-and- sausage and other foods for this pathogen. A combination of high accumulating and inhibiting properties of the designed broth is its main advantage of over its foreign analogue (Muller's tetrathionate broth). The differential diagnostic culture medium for selective isolation of salmonellae (analogue of brilliant grun-agar) has a high sensitivity to the bacteria of the genus Salmonella, such as S. typhimurium, S. enteriditis, and S. london, that are causative agents of food toxic infections and form transparent bright-pink colonies on the medium. The growth of microbial associates, such as Escherichia coli, Proteus, Shigella, pathogens of a typhoid-and-paratyphoid group, is considerably suppressed. Bacteria of the genus Klebsiella are well differentiated as transparent bright-yellow colonies.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Endogenous interleukin 10 prevents apoptosis in macrophages during Salmonella infection.

To elucidate the biological roles of endogenous interleukin 10 (IL-10) in macrophage responses during bacterial infection, we examined in vitro effects of neutralizing IL-10 by anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on apoptosis of the peritoneal macrophages following Salmonella choleraesuis infection. Marked increments of TNF-alpha production were observed in the culture supernatant later than 6 h after in vitro culture with anti-IL-10 mAb. These macrophages succumbed to apoptosis at this stage accompanied by marked increment of IL-1 release, despite the expression of higher amount of endogenous heat shock protein 70, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. These results suggest that endogenous IL-10 plays an essential role in protection of Salmonella-infected macrophages from autocrine suicide caused by excessive production of TNF-alpha after killing of Salmonella.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Understanding the dynamics of Salmonella infections in dairy herds: a modelling approach.

There is evidence of variation in the infection dynamics of different Salmonella serotypes in cattle--ranging from transient epidemics to long term persistence and recurrence. We seek to identify possible causes of these differences. In this study we present mathematical models which describe both managed population dynamics and epidemiology and use these to investigate the effects of demographic and epidemiological factors on epidemic behaviour and threshold for invasion. In particular, when the system is perturbed by higher culling or pathogen-induced mortality we incorporate mechanisms to constrain the lactating herd size to remain constant in the absence of pathogen or to lie within a fairly small interval in the presence of pathogen. A combination of numerical and analytical techniques is used to analyse the models. We find that the epidemiologically dominating management group can change from the dry/lactating cycle to the weaned group with increasing culling rate. Pseudovertical transmission is found to have little effect on the invasion criteria, while indirect transmission has significant influence. Pathogen-induced mortality, recovery, immune response and pathogen removal are found to be factors inducing damped oscillations; variation in these factors between Salmonella serotypes may be responsible for some of the observed differences in within herd dynamics. Specifically, higher pathogen-induced mortality, shorter infectious period, more persistent immune response and more rapid removal of faeces result in a lower number of infectives and smaller epidemics but a greater tendency for damped oscillations.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Occurrence of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 29 in Austria: an opportunity to assess the relevance of chicken meat as source of human Salmonella infections.

Assuming that the various phage types of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are largely equally virulent, the importance of certain foods as sources of infection for human salmonellosis can be deduced from differences in the distribution of phage types in human and non-human samples. In 2002, S. Enteritidis phage type 29 (PT29) was first isolated from non-human test samples in Austria. S. Enteritidis PT29 accounted for 44 (27.7%) of 159 S. Enteritidis strains, derived from veterinary samples of chicken (e.g. meat, giblets) or chicken habitations (e.g. swabs from the coop and excrement). At the food retail level (chicken meat, chicken liver), five (13.1%) of 38 S. Enteritidis isolates were PT29. The proportion of S. Enteritidis PT29 in human samples was much lower. Only 0.4% (30 human primary isolates) of all S. Enteritidis isolates in the year 2002, and 0.33% (23 human primary isolates) of all human S. Enteritidis strains in 2003 were PT29. In our opinion, the discrepancy between the high prevalence of S. Enteritidis PT29 in broilers and chicken meat and the low number of PT29 cases in humans indicates that chicken meat of Austrian origin is currently only a minor source of human S. Enteritidis infections.

Animals↗