PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Sweden in 1994 and 1995: epidemiology and clinical spectrum.

A nationwide study of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections in Sweden during 1994-1995 was carried out. All Swedish microbiological laboratories were asked to report isolates of GAS from normally sterile sites. During the study period they were also asked to send their isolates for T typing. Questionnaires were sent to the physicians in charge of each patient. The incidence, serotype, clinical presentation, symptoms and outcome were recorded. Clinical data were obtained for 468 of 556 patients with GAS bacteraemia. The lethality rate was 16%, but was much higher (37%) in the 113 patients who developed streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Streptococci of serotype T1 dominated during the study period and were linked to the increase in invasive GAS infections. They also carried an increased risk of causing STSS. Invasive streptococcal disease with STSS most often has an unknown primary focus or is associated with soft tissue infections. Invasive streptococcal disease not associated with STSS most often has a skin infection as portal of entry or else an unknown focus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Neonatal group B streptococcal infections in Indian (Asian) babies in South Africa.

In this, the first report of group B streptococcal (GBS) infections in Asian neonates in South Africa, the incidence was 2.65/1000 live births over a period of 3.5 years. Early onset disease (EOD), defined as arising less than or equal to 5 days after birth, was present in 79% cases; in most of these, the onset was before the age of 24 h. One baby presented with two episodes of late onset GBS infection. The incidence of culture-proven neonatal septicaemia during the same period was 12.3/1000 live births, GBS being commonest organism isolated. It was also the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis in the newborn, accounting for 89% cases. Although neurological signs were present in 40% patients with EOD, only 13.3% had CSF-culture-positive meningitis. Radiographic features of hyaline membrane disease were found in half of the babies with EOD and for whom a chest radiograph was performed, while one had a pneumothorax. The overall mortality was 13.2% which is much lower than that reported in other series.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Surfactant treatment of neonates with respiratory failure and group B streptococcal infection. Members of the Collaborative European Multicenter Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: Connatal pneumonia caused by group B streptococcal (GBS) infection may be associated with surfactant dysfunction. We investigated the effects of surfactant treatment in term and preterm neonates with GBS infection and respiratory failure, in comparison with corresponding data from a control population of noninfected infants treated with surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). DESIGN/METHODS: The study comprised 118 infants with respiratory failure, clinical and/or laboratory signs of acute inflammatory disease, and GBS infection proven by culture results. They were recruited retrospectively from a database of patients treated with surfactant at 28 neonatology units participating in European multicenter trials (1987-1993) and prospectively from the same units in the following years. A nonrandomized control group of 236 noninfected infants was selected from the same database. The primary parameters evaluated were oxygen requirement, ventilator settings, and incidence of complications. RESULTS: Median birth weight in the GBS study group was 1468 g (25th-75th percentiles: 1015-2170), and median gestational age was 30 (27-33) weeks. Thirty-one percent of the infants weighed >2000 g. Median age at surfactant treatment was 6 hours. The mean initial surfactant dose was 142 mg/kg (standard deviation: 53). Ninety of the infants were treated with Curosurf (Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy), 13 with Survanta (Abboth GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), 12 with Alveofact (Dr Karl Thomae GmbH, Biberach, Germany), and 3 with Exosurf (Wellcome GmbH, Burgwedel, Germany). Within 1 hour of surfactant treatment, median fraction of inspiratory oxygen was reduced from .84 (25th-75th percentiles:.63-1.0) to.50 (.35-.80). The incidence of complications in the study group (mortality: 30%; pneumothorax: 16%; intracranial hemorrhage: 42%) was high, compared with infants with RDS. CONCLUSIONS: Surfactant therapy improves gas exchange in the majority of patients with GBS pneumonia. The response to surfactant is slower than in infants with RDS, and repeated surfactant doses are often needed. The mortality and morbidity are substantial, considering the relatively high mean birth weight of the treated infants.

Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMed1994

Recurrent group B streptococcal infections in infants: clinical and microbiologic aspects.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the potential for recurrence of group B streptococcal (GBS) infection in infants, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as an epidemiologic tool. DESIGN: Retrospective review of cases identified by laboratory records and review of the literature. SETTING: Neonatal nurseries of a county hospital system. METHODS: Retrospective review of infants with second episodes of GBS bacteremia or meningitis. Digestion of chromosomal DNA with the restriction enzyme Sma I and separation of fragments by use of contour-clamped homogeneous electric field. RESULTS: Nine cases of recurrent GBS infection were identified during a 14-year period. Eight of the nine infants were born at 25 to 36 weeks of gestation, and one was born at term. The first episode of invasive GBS infection occurred at a mean age of 10.4 days (median, 3 days; range, 1 to 27 days). Parenteral antibiotic therapy was administered for a mean of 13.9 days (median, 14 days; range, 10 to 21 days). Recurrence occurred at a mean age of 42.3 days (median, 48 days; range, 23 to 68 days). One patient died during the second episode; eight infants survived to discharge home. Of seven sets of isolates analyzed from first and second GBS episodes, five were confirmed to be the same genotypically. CONCLUSION: Recurrence of GBS disease in infants may be associated with the original infecting strain or a second acquired strain.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Invasive group A streptococcal infections in the San Francisco Bay area, 1989-99.

To describe the epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections in the San Francisco Bay Area, population-based active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed iGAS was conducted by the California Emerging Infections Program in three California counties. From January 1989 to December 1999, 1415 cases of iGAS were identified. Mean iGAS incidence was 4.06/100,000 person-years and case fatality ratio was 13%, with no linear trends over time. Incidence was lowest in adolescents, was higher in men than women (4.4 vs. 3.2/100,000 person-years), and was higher in African-Americans (6.7) than in non-Hispanic (4.1) or Hispanic (3.4) Whites, Asians (2.2) or Native Americans (17/100,000 person-years). Injecting drug use was the riskiest underlying condition and was associated with the highest attributable risk. Cases were associated with several underlying conditions, but 23% occurred in previously healthy persons. From 1989-1999, iGAS infections in the San Francisco Bay Area became neither more common nor more deadly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Invasive group A streptococcal infections in North Carolina: epidemiology, clinical features, and genetic and serotype analysis of causative organisms.

During 1994 and 1995, an increase in the number and severity of group A streptococcal (GAS) infections was noted in North Carolina. Ninety-six patients had GAS recovered from blood and other sterile body fluids, abscesses, and soft tissue. The overall case fatality rate was 11% but was much higher in patients with toxic shock syndrome (55%) and necrotizing fasciitis (58%). Recent invasive GAS isolates were compared with pre-1994 invasive isolates and temporally related pharyngeal isolates by M protein serotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and polymerase chain reaction amplification of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A gene. Serotypes M1 and M3 accounted for 50% of recent invasive isolates (1994-1995) and 58% of pharyngeal isolates (1994). The latter isolates demonstrated PFGE patterns that were identical to invasive M1 and M3 strains, suggesting that pharyngeal infections may have served as a reservoir for virulent GAS clones.

Abscess↗
PubMed1960

Host-parasite factors in group A streptococcal infections. Pyrogenic and other effects of immunologic distinct exotoxins related to scarlet fever toxins.

The factors present in streptococcal lesion extracts (SLE) which enhanced the lethal and tissue-damaging properties of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins and streptolysin O were identified with the scarlet fever group of toxins. Toxic manifestations attributed to this group of toxins included lethality, cardiotoxic and other tissue damage, enhancement of toxicity, and pyrogenicity. Of these, the measurement of febrile response in American Dutch rabbits was the most useful parameter of toxicity. In rabbits, repeated daily intravenous injections of 0.125 Lf of a purified erythrogenic toxin immunizes specifically against the pyrogenic activity; this technique was used to type the toxins and to distinguish them from exogenous and endogenous pyrogens; non-specific pyrogens, such as streptococcal endotoxin, were not found in SLE. All types of the Lancefield Group A streptococci tested produced one or or more immunologically distinct toxins in vivo in contrast to Groups B and C which did not produce them; toxins A and B, previously distinguished by neutralization of rash-inducing activity in the skin, were produced in vivo. The A toxin was the most common, as indicated by its presence in extracts prepared with Types 28, 12, 17, and 10 (NY-5); B toxin was found in 10 (NY-5) and 19. A new toxin, designated C, was obtained from a Type 18. In American Dutch rabbits, purified toxin at a concentration of 15 Lf (900,000 STD) neither gave a Dick test nor prepared the skin for the local Shwartzman reaction; by this route, however, in contrast to classical endotoxins, they enhance the lethal and tissue-damaging properties of sublethal doses of these and other toxins. These properties of the immunologic distinct exotoxins as demonstrated in American Dutch rabbits suggest by analogy their importance in the pathogenesis of streptococcal disease in man. Evidence that might implicate them in sequelae, in addition to scarlet fever, is discussed.

Animals↗