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PubMed1989

Smokeless tobacco addiction: a threat to the oral and systemic health of the child and adolescent.

The use of smokeless tobacco (ST) within the United States has increased greatly in recent years, especially among adolescent boys and young men. Recent national data completed from several large scale studies indicate that 10-12 million Americans use some form of ST. Representing a significant systemic and oral health risk, ST usage can produce a wide range of negative effects on both soft and hard oral tissues. These oral conditions include bad breath, discolored teeth and restorative materials, excessive tooth surface wear (abrasion), decreased ability to taste and smell, gingival (gum) recession, advanced periodontal soft and hard tissue destruction, tooth loss, soft tissue erythema and leukoplakia. Long-term ST usage is directly correlated to an increased risk of cancer of the mouth, larynx, throat and esophagus. Much of the destruction of oral tissues is related to the localization of the tobacco quid; i.e., it is habitually held in only one spot in the mouth. Nicotine from ST can activate the sympathetic nervous system thereby significantly increasing heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac stroke volume and output and coronary blood flow. A common misconception is that ST is a 'safe' alternative to smoking cigarettes. Several recent Surgeon General's Reports list ST as being addictive. It is highly possible that ST users will 'graduate' to cigarettes if they eventually conclude that these products are socially unacceptable, inconvenient or out of vogue. Health professionals, educators, parents and schoolchildren need to be informed about the significant health risks associated with ST use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Noncarious cervical lesions in adults: prevalence and occlusal aspects.

BACKGROUND: The factors that induce the formation of noncarious lesions are not understood fully, particularly those that are related to occlusal aspects. The authors conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence of noncarious cervical lesions in adults and their association with occlusal aspects. METHODS: The authors examined 70 people (35 men and 35 women) aged 25 to 45 years to determine the presence and type of noncarious cervical lesions, wear facets, tooth contacts in maximal intercuspal position, and lateral and protrusive movements. The assessment involved a questionnaire and clinical examination. RESULTS: Among the teeth the authors evaluated, 17.23 percent had cervical lesions, 80.28 percent of which had wear facets (P < .01). The authors found a significant difference between the prevalence of noncarious lesions and the presence of wear facets (P = .0484). CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that cervical lesions were related significantly to wear facets. These findings strengthen evidence for the role of occlusal forces as an etiologic factor for noncarious lesions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The presence of wear facets should be considered in the treatment of noncarious cervical lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Dental corrective procedures.

This article explains what is needed for successful extraction of diseased cheek teeth and how to realign the occlusal surface. Incisor teeth procedures and correcting abnormalities of cheek tooth crown wear are also discussed along with wolf and floating teeth.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

In vitro comparison of restoration wear and tensile strength following extended brushing with Sonicare and a manual toothbrush.

The purpose of this study was to compare the wear, cement margin breakdown and bond strength of restorations following 6 to 12 months of simulated use in vitro of the Sonicare and a manual toothbrush. Extracted molar teeth with Class V hybrid composite resin restorations (n = 21) or with Class V gold inlays cemented with zinc phosphate cement were tested for wear and marginal integrity following brushing for a period that simulated 6 months of typical use. One-third of the molars in each group were brushed with the Sonicare and one-third were brushed with the manual brush. The remaining third served as non-treated controls. Toothbrushing was performed under a standardized load using a piston-action brushing machine. After brushing, the enamel, dentin/cementum and restorations were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. There was no apparent wear of tooth structure or of restorative materials with either the Sonicare or the manual brush. There was a small loss of cement from the margins of the gold inlays following toothbrushing, which was similar and not significantly different between the sonic and manual brush. To test brushing effects on crown retention, four identical metal dies were prepared to simulate premolar crown preparations. Thirty cast copings, prepared to fit the dies, were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. Toothbrushing with Sonicare or the manual toothbrush was performed as before (n = 15 for each brush), but the simulated time was extended to the equivalent of 1 year of brushing. The dislodgement force of cemented crowns was not significantly different (t-test, p > 0.10) between the manual (207 +/- 69 N) and Sonicare (221 +/- 61 N) groups. These results demonstrate that despite its high frequency bristle motion, Sonicare exerts no detrimental effects on cement margin integrity, crown bond strength or surface wear of dental and restorative materials.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Geographic differences in tooth loss and denture-wearing among the elderly in Norway.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of teeth and dentures in individuals aged 67 years and above. METHODS: A representative random sample of 1152 individuals was drawn from 11 of the 19 counties of Norway. In all, 582 subjects were interviewed and examined clinically by the same dentist (BMH) in 1996-99. Fifty-four had died before contact was established, and the response rate was 53%. The mean age of those examined was 76.4 +/- 5.9 years, range 67-99 years. RESULTS: In all, 40.0% had 'own teeth only', 27.9% 'own teeth and dentures' and 31.6% 'dentures only'. Three participants had neither teeth nor dentures. Interviews with 35 nonparticipants disclosed no statistically significant differences regarding dental/denture status compared to participants. By using stepwise polychotomous logistic regression, three regions of Norway could be identified with respect to the occurrence of teeth and dentures; significant differences existed between them and nonsignificant differences were found within them. In region A (South-East counties including the capital Oslo), region B (West-Central counties), and region C (Northern counties) the prevalence of 'own teeth only', 'own teeth and dentures' and 'dentures only' were 62.0, 26.5 and 11.1% in region A, 27.7, 28.9 and 43.1% in region B and 2.9, 28.6 and 65.7% in region C, respectively. Teeth were observed in 394 individuals, the mean number being 19,15 and 11 in regions A, B and C, respectively (over all mean 17 teeth). CONCLUSIONS: There are large geographical disparities with respect to dental/denture status in Norway. The oral health goals for the year 2000 suggested by WHO/FDI were far from met in large areas of the country at the time when the data were collected, (1996-99).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Reinforced glass-ionomer cements--a review of properties and clinical use.

In recent years, two new metal-reinforced Glass-ionomers have been introduced. The aim has been to develop a cement which can be used successfully as a replacement for amalgam. This paper reviews the published literature on the mechanical properties and clinical use of both the cermet and so-called 'Miracle Mix' cements. The published results do not suggest an improvement in strength or adhesion to tooth material; wear resistance is improved, however. One problem encountered in reviewing this literature is the wide variation in test methodology and hence results. In clinical use, the metal-reinforced cement has been successful in Class I and II restorations, particularly using the tunnel technique, and has potential for use in a number of other applications.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed2026

Proteomic characterization of the acquired enamel pellicle under acidic challenges at early and mature formation stages.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) proteomic changes after exposure to citric acid (CA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) under different pellicle formation times (3 and 120&#x202f;min) in the same volunteers. DESIGN: Nine healthy volunteers participated in this randomized crossover in vivo study. The AEP was allowed to form for 3 or 120&#x202f;min and subsequently exposed for 10&#x202f;s to deionized water (control), 1% CA (pH 2.5), or 0.01&#x202f;M HCl (pH 2.0). Pellicle samples were collected, followed by protein extraction, tryptic digestion, and analysis by nanoliquid chromatography (nanoLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) with MSE (data-independent acquisition; nanoLC-MS&#x1d31;). Label-free quantitative proteomics were performed for relative quantification using t-test (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). RESULTS: At 120&#x202f;min, CA exposure markedly reduced several typical AEP proteins, especially acidic proline-rich proteins (PRPs). Conversely, basic PRPs were upregulated, suggesting acid-resistance protein signature. At 3&#x202f;min, basal-layer proteins (PRPs, cystatins, histatins and mucins) were more abundant. Hemoglobins increased 6-8-fold (up to 150-fold in 3&#x202f;min control), suggesting association with early pellicle formation and an acid-resistant protein signature. CA exposures for 120&#x202f;min also upregulated typical AEP proteins (PRPs, mucins, cystatins, immunoglobulins), while HCl exposure depleted albumins and lactotransferrin. CONCLUSION: Intrinsic and extrinsic acids induce distinct proteomic signatures in the AEP. Hemoglobin and PRPs appear consistently enriched in the early pellicle layer, reflecting an initial acid-resistant protein signature. These findings provide new insights into the molecular remodeling of the AEP following intrinsic and extrinsic acid exposure, highlighting proteins potentially involved in early-stage pellicle formation.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Clinical performance evaluation of single-shade versus multi-shade composite resins in non-carious cervical lesions: a 36-month randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Composite resins are widely used as the material of choice for definitive restorations due to their ability to integrate functional and aesthetic aspects in dental rehabilitation. Recently, one-shade composite resins have been introduced to simplify the clinical workflow. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of a "chameleon effect" composite resin with that of a multi-shade composite resin in non-carious cervical lesions after 36 months of follow-up. METHODS: This study was a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial with an equivalence design using a split-mouth approach. The sample consisted of 60 patients presenting at least two non-carious cervical lesions, totaling 120 restorations. Restorations were performed using two materials from the same commercial brand: Vittra Unique (one-shade group) and Vittra APS (multi-shade group). The clinical performance of the restorations was longitudinally evaluated according to the FDI criteria. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test, while other clinical parameters were compared using the chi-square test (&#x3b1; = 0.05). RESULTS: At baseline, no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the evaluated biological, functional, and aesthetic parameters (p > 0.05). Both materials demonstrated clinically acceptable performance according to the FDI criteria, with no significant differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: After 36 months, no significant differences were observed between the one-shade and the multi-shade composite resins in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This 36-month randomized clinical trial demonstrates that single-shade composite resins achieve structural durability and aesthetic integration equivalent to traditional multi-shade layering when restoring non-carious cervical lesions. This evidence validates a simplified, single-shade restorative workflow, significantly reducing chairside time and operator-dependent variables without compromising the clinical longevity.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

A study of the proximity of the Broadrick ideal occlusal curve to the existing occlusal curve in dentate patients.

Increasingly, clinicians are called upon to restore dentitions, which have become mutilated because of tooth loss, wear, trauma and disease. In many cases, restoration of the occlusal plane may be required. A simple tool, which provides the laboratory technician with an approximation of the patient's original occlusal curve may be useful. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of the occlusal curve designed using the Broadrick flag. A total of 100 patients with intact dental arches were examined, and deviations from the Broadrick curve were measured on scanned study models using a software package. Simple descriptive statistics were used to investigate the data, and intra-examiner reliability was examined using a Bland Altman plot. The results demonstrated little deviation from the Broadrick curve in natural adult dentitions, mean deviation 0.1262 mm, 95% confidence interval -0.32 to 0.2844. Good intra-examiner reliability was achieved. It can be concluded that the Broadrick flag method may be of use in determining an appropriate occlusal curve for dentate individuals with deranged occlusal planes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Concatenation of variations in plaque formation with variations in crevicular temperature.

The hypothesis was tested that variations in the temperature of gingival crevices are linked to variations in plaque formation. Fifty-nine abutment teeth to removable partial dentures were studied during four experiments, under various conditions of plaque formation, i.e. not brushing the teeth whilst wearing and not wearing dentures, and performing ordinary and then specialized tooth brushing whilst wearing dentures. The collation of temperature curves with plaque curves revealed a proportional relationship between the rate and magnitude of plaque formation and the rate and magnitude of the recorded temperature changes. Furthermore, the removal of plaque resulted in a reversal of induced temperature rises. The lowest crevicular temperatures were obtained with the practice of the specialized tooth brushing.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Relationship between alignment conditions of teeth in anterior segments and incisal wear.

This report describes the alignment condition and incisal wear of the anterior teeth in individuals 16-19 years of age. Tooth alignment and incisal wear were assessed on casts in accordance with two index systems NONAT (non-aligned tooth) and IwI (incisal wear index). Tests of the methods showed that the reproducibility of the assessments of tooth alignment and incisal wear were satisfactory. The results of the study of tooth irregularity demonstrated that the prevalence of non-alignment of one or more of the anterior teeth were much the same (approximately 50%) for the maxillary and mandibular jaws. The highest frequency was found for the maxillary lateral incisors and the mandibular central incisors (approximately 45%). A relationship between the alignment conditions and incisal wear of the anterior teeth was established. It appeared that non-alignment of one or more teeth in one or both jaws was associated with less severe incisal wear of the anterior teeth. This was most pronounced for non-aligned maxillary central incisors and non-aligned mandibular central incisors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A study in vitro of the combined effects of soft drinks and tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste on the wear of dentine.

The aim of this study was to measure loss of dentine produced by soft drinks alone and combined with tooth brushing with and without toothpastes. Groups of flat human dentine specimens were exposed for 10 min and then 30 min to orange juice (OJ), carbonated cola (CC) or modified blackcurrant (MB) drinks alone or after the exposures brushed with a fluoride toothpaste for 10 s. Further groups were exposed to OJ as before but brushed with water or non-fluoride toothpaste or placed in slurries of fluoride paste. Five cycles of each regimen were carried out. Tissue loss was determined by profilometry. Water immersion/brushing and brushing controls were included. OJ and CC produced similar erosion and significantly more than MB. Compared with drinks alone, dentine loss was reduced by fluoride toothpaste brushing but increased by water and non-fluoride toothpaste brushing. Fluoride toothpaste slurry had no significant effect on soft drink erosion. Very little abrasion with brushing alone was recorded over the time frame of these experiments. It is concluded that fluoride toothpaste could provide protection, albeit small, against erosion. The data again support the concept of brushing before meals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Wear and different restorative materials--a review].

Wear of materials is a complex and unpredictable phenomenon. The variables affecting the mechanism of wear include the properties of the two contacting materials and the surrounding and interfacial media. This paper reviews the dental wear of different restorative materials and their counter effect on the tooth structure. It presents the updated classifications for tooth surface lesions termed dental wear, and discusses the wear behavior of various restorative materials. Some guidelines for restorative material selection are given. Clinical wear bears a multifactorial etiology, understanding the mechanism of action is an important step in an appropriate restoration material selection. Each material selected should meet the individual wear behavior and needs. Individual factors may enhance the wear rates: aggressive tooth brushing, parafunctions, diet, acidic/aqueous environment, surface geometry, and diminished tooth support. Supportive treatment following restoration is important to monitor wear rates.

Composite Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential wear of teeth and restorative materials: clinical implications.

PURPOSE: This study reviewed the wear of commonly used dental restorative materials and their effects on the opposing dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Key words were used with PubMed to retrieve pertinent references to publications on tooth and restoration wear. RESULTS: The wear resistance of newer esthetic restorative materials has generally improved, and the damage caused by several materials to the opposing dentition has been reduced. However, the different structures and physical properties of tooth substance and restorative materials will eventually lead to varying degrees of differential wear. The extent and rate of wear are influenced by many intraoral factors. CONCLUSION: Selection of restorative materials must be based on knowledge of their wear behavior and the individual needs of each patient. The lowest wear rates for restorations and the opposing dentition occur with metal alloys, machined ceramics, and microfilled and microfine hybrid resin composites.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1987

Patterns of approximal wear in cheek teeth of a Romano-British population.

The approximal surfaces of premolars and molars of 376 adult British-Romano skulls were examined for wear facets. The type of wear was designated as convex, concave, sigmoid, or flat, and the degree was categorised on a three-point scale. Concave wear facets were more frequently seen in the older age groups, but the type of wear was similar on right and left sides. Taking all teeth together or as individual tooth types, concave wear was significantly more likely on mesial rather than distal surfaces. The degree of wear was age related and similar on right and left sides in both males and females. It is suggested that the distribution of concave facets may be related to movements between adjacent teeth.

Bicuspid↗