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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Effects of topical fluoride agents on artificial enamel lesion formation in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of topical fluoride agents on enamel erosion in vitro. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Ten premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were sectioned buccolingually and then longitudinally into two parts, so that four specimens were obtained from each tooth. The specimens were randomly assigned to one of four groups. The following topical fluoride agents were applied to the specimens: 1% titanium tetrafluoride (0.32 MF) for 1 minute; Duraphat (2.26% F) and Elmex (1.25% F) for 4 minutes. In the control group, no solution was applied. The specimens were treated with an artificial caries solution for 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. Calcium (Ca++) concentration was determined by an atomic absorbtion spectrophotometer, while fluoride (F-) concentration was determined with an ion-selective electrode. One-way analysis of variance tests were performed on cumulative concentrations of calcium and fluoride at days 4, 8, 12, and 16. RESULTS: Specimens treated with titanium tetrafluoride lost significantly less calcium than did specimens in the other two test groups at all time periods. Titanium tetrafluoride-treated specimens released significantly less fluoride than did Duraphat- or Elmex-treated specimens at day 16. CONCLUSION: Titanium tetrafluoride was found to be more effective than the other fluoride agents in preventing artificial enamel lesion formation.

Acetates↗
PubMed2005

Toothbrush abrasion, simulated tongue friction and attrition of eroded bovine enamel in vitro.

OBJECTIVES: Enamel erosion results in the formation of a softened layer that is susceptible to disruption by mechanical factors such as brushing abrasion, tongue friction and attrition. The aim of this study was to investigate the individual contribution of those mechanical insults to the enamel loss caused by dental erosion. METHODS: Forty two bovine enamel samples were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6 per group) that were submitted to 3cycles of one of the following regimes: erosion and remineralization (er/remin); toothbrush abrasion and remineralization (abr/remin); erosion, toothbrush abrasion and remineralization (er/abr/remin); attrition and remineralization (at/remin); erosion, attrition and remineralization (er/at/remin); simulated tongue friction and remineralization (tg/remin); erosion, simulated tongue friction and remineralization (er/tg/remin). Erosion took place in a demineralization solution (50mM citric acid, pH 3) for 10min under agitation. Brushing abrasion, tongue friction and attrition were simulated for 1min using a home-made wear device. Remineralization was carried out in artificial saliva for 2h. Enamel loss was quantified using optical profilometry. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the amounts of enamel lost due to the different wear regimes (p<or=0.001). Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni procedure showed that the wear depths found for the er/at/remin (p<or=0.001) and er/tg/remin (p<or=0.001) were significantly higher than the amount found for the er/remin group (4.4+/-0.7microm). This was not the case for er/abr/remin group (p=0.075). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the three forms of mechanical insults remove to varying extent the softened layer formed by the erosion challenges.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Conservative management of erosion-abrasion: a system for the general practitioner.

This final article in a series of three covering general practice aspects of erosion-abrasion presents a three-phase system for clinical management of erosive-abrasive damage. The first phase comprises pre-restorative case evaluation, initial measures to control factors predisposing to continued erosion-abrasion and where necessary the provision of acrylic overlays to restore facial height. In the second phase the teeth are systematically restored using an acid-etch composite resin technique; guidance for comfortable occlusion is provided by the patient acceptance method. The third phase comprises follow-up, including monitoring of salivary and bacteriological parameters, maintenance of the restorations and modifications of preventive measures necessary to preserve the dentition restored by multiple composite therapy. Modern oral physiological concepts and recent developments in multiple composite therapy and erosion control are discussed.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1996

Enamel erosion resulting from hydrochloric acid tablets.

This article documents a case of severe enamel erosion caused by chewing hydrochloric acid tablets over a five-year period. Dentists must be aware that highly erosive acids are obtainable without a prescription, in this case from a health food store. They must also be alert for signs of dental erosion and identify the source of the acid.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Association between dental erosion and exposure to acids in a chemical factory].

An examination of dental erosion status and a semi-quantitative assessment of exposure to acids were carried out for 134 workers in a chemical factory in Osaka Prefecture, and an association between the dental erosion and the exposure to acids was discussed. 1) Percentage of workers with dental erosion of grade + or more among the subjects was 30.6%. 2) Most of the erosion was observed in the front teeth. There were more eroded teeth in the upper jaw than in the lower jaw. 3) The workers were divided into 4 groups according to job type at the time of the examination: production, research, clerical work and others. The production workers, those routinely handling a large amount of various kinds of acids, was the highest proportion of workers with eroded teeth. Because some of the clerical workers had previously handled acids, this group of workers included a larger number of those with dental erosion than the other two groups. 4) More than half of the workers who had been engaged in production had eroded teeth including those of grade +/- 5) The intensity of exposure to acids, as a semi-quantitative index for cumulative exposure to acids, was calculated in each worker from a score for the job type and its duration. A significant association was observed between the intensity and the manifestation of dental erosion.

Acids↗
PubMed2006

The protective effect of TiF4, SnF2 and NaF on erosion of enamel by hydrochloric acid in vitro measured by white light interferometry.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the protective effect of TiF4, SnF2 and NaF (all 0.5 M F) on the development of erosion-like lesions in human dental enamel. Four enamel specimens from each of 6 extracted molars were polished and embedded in epoxy resin. The enamel surfaces of 3 specimens from each tooth were treated with the different fluoride solutions for 2 min. Following fluoride treatments, the specimens were immersed in 0.01 M HCl (pH 2.0), for 2, 4 and 6 min in order to mimic a gastric reflux situation. One specimen from each tooth was used as a control and was only exposed to acid. The etching depths (in micrometres) after 6 min were: TiF4 0.8 (SD 0.8), SnF2 3.5 (SD 0.7), NaF 5.3 (SD 0.4), and 7.0 (SD 0.3) for the control specimens. Compared to the control, TiF(4) protected the enamel surface from acid attack almost completely (88%), while SnF2 reduced the etch depth after 6 min by 50% and NaF by 25%.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Effect of a diffusion layer on the nature of enamel demineralization.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of diffusion barriers in the development of artificial caries-like lesions. A 30-mm2 enamel surface area was covered with a layer of filter paper and exposed to a gently agitated 50 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.5, containing either 0.1 or 1.0 ppm fluoride for up to 48 h at 20 degrees C. Similar enamel surfaces, but unprotected by filter paper, served as controls. It was found that below the filter paper an approximately 60-microns-deep caries-like lesion was developed exhibiting a preserved surface layer, the mineral content of which depended on the fluoride concentration of the buffer. The lesions of the control teeth without a filter paper coverage were erosion-like surface lesions. In the filter paper calcium and phosphate released from the enamel combined with fluoride from the bulk solution had established a supersaturation with respect to fluorapatite while the undersaturation with respect to hydroxyapatite was maintained, which caused a caries lesion to develop. The lesions produced in noncovered enamel by bulk solution unsaturated with respect to both apatites were erosion-like. It was concluded that a diffusion barrier can significantly favor the establishment of supersaturation with respect to fluorapatite and thus facilitate the development of a subsurface caries-like lesion at the expense of the erosion.

Apatites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastroesophageal reflux disease: a dental concern.

Oral chemical erosion can be caused by several factors. The most significant and most frequent is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Asymptomatic patients with GERD often are unaware that they may have a potential life-threatening condition. The dental profession is in a position to identify the subtle oral signs of the disease and has the obligation to be alert to the signs of gastroesophageal reflux, making appropriate referrals when necessary. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness concerning earlier detection of the subtleties of chemical erosion, particularly from GERD. A severe case of asymptomatic chemical erosion caused by GERD is presented.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2002

An in vitro assessment of the erosive potential of conventional and white ciders.

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the erosive potential of a range of traditional and white ciders using standard laboratory tests. It measured the pH, 'neutralisable acidity' and the amount of surface enamel lost following immersion over a period of 4 hours. The pH was measured with a digital pH meter and the 'neutralisable acidity' was measured as the volume of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide required to increase the pH to neutrality. Surface enamel loss was measured at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours using profilometry. The pH on opening ranged from 2.96 to 4.04 and the 'neutralisable acidity' ranged from 14.54 to 21.47 mls. The amount of surface enamel lost following four hours immersion ranged from 8.60-23.95 microns, compared to 12.85 microns for an orange juice control. All the ciders tested were acidic and had considerable erosive potential in vitro which was broadly similar to that of orange juice. A wide variation was found between different commercial brands and this information should be useful when counselling patients with tooth surface loss.

Acids↗