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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Some ethical issues in dementia research.

The ethical problems associated with dementia have been thrown into focus by the ageing population. The elderly form a disadvantaged group in society and the author wonders if it is morally justified to pursue research into ways of arresting pathology without concomitant attention being paid to the quality of life of the surviving elderly. Precise diagnosis of dementia requires invasive, and potentially injurious, brain biopsy. Recent thinking has pointed to some of the advantages of biopsy. The question of consent in a patient with impaired mental function has to be borne in mind. As for the special ethical problems associated with Huntington's chorea, it is argued there is no justification for withholding information from, or for authoritarian direction of, patients and 'at risk' relatives but the importance of full discussion before undertaking predictive procedures is stressed.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1990

Patients may not recall disclosure of risk of death: implications for informed consent.

This study examined the issue of rational decision-making involved in the 'patient need' standard of informed consent. A majority of elective cholecystectomy patients (90% of 144) correctly identified their risk of death on a multiple choice questionnaire after preoperative counselling, but before surgery. However, many of those patients who answered correctly (54%) reported that they were not informed about the risk of death when questioned again after discharge. An attempt to discriminate patients who reported being informed from those who did not using measures of preoperative pain, emotional distress and medication was not successful. Faced with an inability to obtain informed consent from some patients, coupled with legal liability for failing to do so, surgeons are advised to obtain consent in writing, to provide comprehensive, multi-media counselling, and to be particularly conscientious with confused patients and those with complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Responding to legal requests for physician-assisted suicide. University of Pennsylvania Center for Bioethics Assisted Suicide Consensus Panel.

In 1998, 15 terminally ill Oregon residents ended their lives with overdoses of medications supplied legally by their physicians. Many more people consider this possibility. This paper examines the ways in which the physician's response to requests for assisted suicide may change in an era of legalization, articulates some of the resulting conceptual challenges, and provides practical advice to physicians facing such requests. In areas where it is legal, assisted dying becomes one of the many options that can be freely considered for terminally ill patients with extreme suffering. Some patients even view assisted death as a right that can be expected on demand. We consider the ethical implications of disclosing assisted dying to patients as an option of last resort and suggest that physicians working in environments where assisted dying is legal are obliged to do so. However, we conclude that physicians should not encourage patients to hasten death even when practicing in jurisdictions that allow assisted dying. Furthermore, without abandoning the model, we suggest that strict informed consent does not fully address patients' needs at this time. Physicians must also focus on patients' broader biopsychosocial concerns and help them identify solutions through empathic listening and emotional support. We provide a framework and vocabulary for physicians to use when responding to requests for assisted suicide. Physicians should clarify the request, explore and address the patient's concerns, achieve a shared understanding of the goals of treatment, search for less harmful alternatives, express to the patient what they are willing to do, discuss the relevant legal issues, and share their decision making with colleagues.

Decision Making↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Written disclosure: a way of coping with traumatic stress.

Verbal debriefing after a traumatic incident may interrupt the natural adaptive processes that help people to deal with such incidents. This article examines the effectiveness of written interventions to help people experiencing distress after trauma experienced at work. As an alternative to critical incident debriefing, the authors recommend a staff education programme in tandem with written disclosure.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

American Health Information Management Association. Position Statement. Issue: disclosure of health information.

Health information is used for a variety of legitimate purposes, including patient care, quality review, education, research, public health, and legal and financial interests. Regardless of the use or users, patients must be assured that the information they share with healthcare professionals will remain confidential. To protect patients' privacy rights, each healthcare facility must develop policies and procedures for disclosure of health information in accordance with federal and state laws. Careful consideration must be given to any disclosure of health information. Confidential information should be disclosed only as needed for continuing care or upon written authorization by the patient or his legal representative or where such disclosure is authorized by federal or state law, subpoena, or court order.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed2002

Disclosure.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗