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Results for “hostility”

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PubMed1990

The prediction of drug dependence from expectancy for hostility while intoxicated.

Three hundred seventy-one male substance-abusing volunteers for drug studies were administered the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (B-D). One hundred nineteen of these subjects were readministered the B-D with the instruction to answer the items in terms of their behavior while drinking alcohol, with 67 of these subjects also completing a heroin use condition. Expectancies for hostility under alcohol or heroin were generally uncorrelated with other measures of personality, psychopathology, antisocial personality, impulsiveness, or criminality; but expectancies for hostility under alcohol were predictive of diagnoses of alcohol, opioid, and marijuana abuse and dependence over and above the influence of these other measures.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[The effects of conscious and subconscious processing of hostility- or friendliness-related words on the personality impression of others].

Four experiments were conducted to investigate how the prior processing of trait relevant information influenced upon the impression formation. Twenty university students participated in each experiment. First subjects performed a cognitive task in which they processed hostility (Exp. I, II) or friendliness (Exp. III, IV) related words, consciously (Exp. I, III) or subconsciously (Exp. II, IV). In another ostensibly unrelated task, subjects rated a stimulus person on several trait scales based on an ambiguous behavioral description, regarding to hostility (Exp. I, II) or friendliness (Exp. III, IV). It was shown that the more hostility words subjects processed either consciously or subconsciously, the more extreme and negative ratings they yielded. As for friendliness words, however, such effects were found only when they were subconsciously processed, not when they were consciously processed. It was argued that conscious processing was affected by positiveness or negativeness of trait words, but subconscious processing was not.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Improvements in hostility and depression in relation to dietary change and cholesterol lowering. The Family Heart Study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in negative emotions among participants of a cholesterol-lowering study. DESIGN: Cohort study. Quantitative evaluation of changes in negative emotions in relation to diet and plasma cholesterol levels before and after a 5-year dietary intervention program aimed at reducing plasma cholesterol levels. SETTING: Community-dwelling families of the Family Heart Study, Portland, Oregon. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred forty-nine men and 156 women from 233 families (mean age, 37.7 years). MEASUREMENTS: Changes in negative emotions including depression and aggressive hostility as measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). RESULTS: Improvement in overall emotional state was noted for the entire sample. Those who consumed a low-fat, high complex-carbohydrate diet at the end of the study showed significantly greater improvements in depression (P = 0.044; difference in improvement, 2.9 points) and aggressive hostility (P = 0.035; difference in improvement, 3.3 points) as well as a reduction in their plasma cholesterol levels (P = 0.024; difference in improvement, 2.7%) compared with those who ate a high-fat "American diet." CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a cholesterol-lowering program may not be associated with a worsening in emotional state. To the contrary, improvements in diet appear to be associated with reductions in depression and aggressive hostility as well as with lowered plasma cholesterol levels.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Genetics of testosterone and the aggression-hostility-anger (AHA) syndrome: a study of middle-aged male twins.

The aim of this study was to determine the genetic contribution to the variation in testosterone and the aggression-hostility-anger (AHA) syndrome in middle-aged twins. Moreover, the relation between testosterone and this syndrome, and possible common genetic mechanisms were investigated. Towards this end, blood samples were collected at two time points; the AHA syndrome was measured using three questionnaires: the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory with seven subscales, the Jenkins Activity Survey and the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Scale. The results showed substantial heritabilities for testosterone (approximately 60%) and moderate to fair heritabilities for the nine measures of the AHA syndrome (23-53%). The best fitting model for testosterone at two time points included a small age component and additive genetic and unique environmental factors, while a multivariate analysis of the nine AHA subscales resulted in an independent pathway model with two common additive genetic and two common unique environmental factors. No correlation between the common genetic factor influencing testosterone and the AHA subscales was found. We did, however, detect a negative correlation between the common environmental factor underlying testosterone and both common environmental factors influencing the nine AHA subscales, which may reflect a tendency for testosterone levels to rise and hostility to drop (or vice versa) after repeatedly experiencing success (or failure).

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of DAGO, selective milli-opioid receptor agonist, on hostile and anxious behaviors in male mice with different experience of aggression].

Effects of mu-opioid receptor agonist DAGO (2.0 mg/kg, s.c.) on anxioUs, hostile, and aggressive behaviors of male mice with repeated 3- and 20-day experience of aggression accompanied by victories (T3 and T20 winners, respectively) were stUdied. T20 winners showed lower aggression (attacking and biting) and hostile behavior and were more anxioUs (estimated by plUs-maze test) than T3 winners. In the plUs-maze test DAGO prodUced anxiogenic effects in intact males and was ineffective in T3 and T20 winners testifying to a decrease in mu-receptor sensitivity Under the inflUence of repeated aggression. In agonistic confrontation test, DAGO increased aggressive grooming in T20 winners, decreased hostile behavior (digging and throwing partner's litter) in T3 winners, and did not inflUence attacks in both groUps. It is sUggested that mu-opioid receptors are involved into forming the aggressive behavioral type in mice, and DAGO effects may be conditioned by emotional backgroUnd of these behavioral forms.

Aggression↗

PubMed1991

Over- vs. undercontrolled hostility: application of the construct to the classification of maritally violent men.

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the applicability of Megargee's (1967) distinction between over- and undercontrolled hostility to maritally aggressive men. Subjects were 41 men who were referred for treatment for physical marital violence. Data were derived from a written battery of self-report measures. Overcontrolled hostile men showed patterns of abuse in which violent episodes were more severe but less frequent and in which the wife was the sole target of the aggressive behavior. Undercontrolled hostile husbands were more generally aggressive and more frequently aggressive. Additionally, undercontrolled husbands were more likely than overcontrolled husbands to have witnessed violence in their families of origin and to have had rejecting mothers. Implications for the assessment and treatment of marital violence are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Treatment compliance and hostility levels of head-injured psychiatric outpatients.

Twenty-eight head-injured psychiatrically ill patients were compared in terms of compliance with psychiatric treatment and hostility levels to a matched control group of 28 non-head-injured psychiatrically ill patients attending a community mental health clinic. Results indicated that the two groups did not differ in treatment compliance. However, the head-injured group had significantly less rapport with their therapists. Hostility measures revealed that male head-injured patients scored significantly higher on the assaultive scale; and the severity of the head injury correlated positively with levels of hostility and with reported problems at school.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Psychocutaneous medicine. How to recognize and handle the hostile dermatologic patient and the contemptuous dermatologic patient.

The dermatologist must distinguish between the hostile patient and the contemptuous patient for each must be handled very differently. The hostile patient needs empathy and the contemptuous patient needs direct , stern confrontation in order to sustain the doctor/patient relationship. If the dermatologist allows the contemptuous patient to use his disdain to discredit him, the patient loses, for he can no longer respect his doctor. The paper presented herein offers guidelines for the dermatologist in recognizing and handling both the hostile and contemptuous patient. The dermatologist must be able to recognize these differences in order to handle both types of patients knowledgeably.

Dermatology↗

PubMed1996

Aggressive boys' hostile perceptual and response biases: the role of attention and impulsivity.

The present study addressed whether (1) aggressive boys show hostile biases or general deficits in social perception, (2) aggressive boys' social perceptual difficulties also characterize isolate and isolate-aggressive children, (3) aggressive, isolate, and isolate-aggressive boys' social perceptual difficulties are attributable to inattention and impulsivity, and (4) aggressive and nonaggressive boys differ in the links between social perception and proposed behavioral responses. Aggressive boys demonstrated hostile biases, but not general deficits, in intention-cue detection relative to average-status boys. Isolate-aggressive boys resembled aggressive boys in social perception, whereas isolate boys showed mild deficits relative to average-status boys. Although isolates' general deficits were predominantly accounted for by inattention and impulsivity, aggressives' and isolate-aggressives' hostile biases remained after these problems were statistically controlled. The aggressive groups proposed aggressive responses much more frequently than the nonaggressive groups following intentions perceived as nonhostile. Measures corresponding to several stages of Dodge's social information processing model discriminated the aggressive from nonaggressive groups, thus providing support for this model.

Aggression↗

PubMed1996

Hostility, aggression and the association with hypertension in post-menopausal women.

In order to determine whether a hostile attitude is associated with hypertension in post-menopausal women, we conducted a cross-sectional study of a sample of post-menopausal women enrollees from the Group Health Cooperative (Seattle, Washington). Out-patient medical records were reviewed for all subjects. Hypertension was defined as a recorded diagnosis of hypertension and treatment with an anti-hypertensive drug. Borderline hypertensives were excluded. Women were interviewed by telephone and asked the 14 questions comprising the Hostile-Affect (HOS) and Aggressive-Responding (AGGR) factors of the Cook-Medley hostility scale. Scores were grouped into high vs low HOS and AGGR. The AGGR score was available for 430 hypertensives and 628 normotensives. The HOS score was available for 436 hypertensives and 616 normotensives. High AGGR scores had a borderline association with hypertension (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.26; 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 0.97-1.62). HOS was not associated with hypertension. Adjusting for age, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, cholesterol level, tobacco and alcohol use, weight and race, changed the association of AGGR with hypertension only slightly (OR = 1.22; CI = 0.92-1.63). We found a weak association between the prevalence of treated hypertension and AGGR in post-menopausal women. There was no association between the HOS component and hypertension. The results of this study support the need for prospective studies of the role of psychological factors in the development of hypertension in post-menopausal women. If this association is confirmed, AGGR measures may help identify women at high-risk who are most likely to benefit from hypertension screening and primary prevention.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Hostility and violent ideation: physical rehabilitation patient and community samples.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relative frequency of violent ideation [VI] in physical rehabilitation and community samples, and to identify associated factors. DESIGN: Analysis of variables from the Battery for Heath Improvement using MANOVA, ANOVA and chi(2) analyses. SETTING: Medical sites in 30 US states, and community sites in 16 US states, overall representing 36 US states. PARTICIPANTS: 527 physical rehabilitation patients suffering from both acute and chronic pain conditions, and 725 community members. Subjects from both groups were drawn from a larger pool of 2,262 subjects. INTERVENTIONS: None. OUTCOME MEASURES: The Hostility scale and a VI critical item from the Battery for Heath Improvement (BHI). RESULTS: The patient group reported significantly more violent ideation than did the community group. VI was also significantly associated with involvement in workers' compensation or personal injury insurance systems, work conditioning programs, the BHI Hostility scale, and a number of other psychosocial factors. CONCLUSIONS: Recent research supports the contention that there is a relationship between ideation, angry affect, aggressive behavior and delayed recovery. Thus the presence of VI in the patient should be a cause for concern, and has clear ramifications for those working in the clinical setting. Primary prevention should involve not only the identification of hostile patients at risk for VI and aggression, it should also involve identifying programs or systems where a higher incidence of VI is likely to be observed. As VI was found to be associated with a range of variables, including characterological disorders, mood and social conflict, a further evaluation of factors contributing to VI would be recommended prior to intervention.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1992

Evaluation of augmentation cystoplasty for severe neuropathic bladder using the hostility score.

In a retrospective study, the pre-operative urodynamic findings of 41 myelodysplastic patients who had undergone enterocystoplasty for intractable incontinence or deteriorating upper urinary-tracts were compared with findings from similar studies. An objective score combining five urodynamic parameters, the Hostility Score, was calculated before and after surgery to assess its clinical applicability in guiding and monitoring patient management. A score of greater than or equal to 5 should be avoided, if possible, as deleterious upper urinary-tract changes can occur even while on conservative management. In this series the mean pre-operative Hostility Score was 5.6, with 26 patients having a mean score of greater than or equal to 5. After surgery the mean score was reduced to 2.8, with no patient having a score of greater than 4. We conclude that the Hostility Score is a reliable tool for the management and follow-up of patients who have neurogenic bladder disease as a result of myelodysplasia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Hostility-related differences in the associations between stress-induced physiological reactivity and lipid concentrations in young healthy women.

We examined the relations of fasting lipid levels to stress-induced neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses as a function of hostility in 36 healthy young women. Participants were women who scored above 17 (n = 23) or below 12 (n = 13) on the Cook-Medley Hostility (Ho) Inventory. Lipids were determined following an overnight fast. Individuals participated in a solvable anagram task, which evoked significant physiological responses in all participants. The Ho group by total serum cholesterol (TSC) and the Ho group by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol interactions significantly predicted heart rate (HR) and norepinephrine (Ne) responses. For high Ho women, elevations in TSC and LDL cholesterol were associated with smaller HR responses and larger Ne responses. In contrast, for low Ho women, elevations in TSC and LDL cholesterol were associated with larger HR responses and smaller Ne responses. Results also indicated a significant Ho group by TSC to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio interaction for cortisol. For high Ho women, larger cortisol responses were associated with a greater TSC to HDL cholesterol ratio. For low Ho women, larger cortisol responses were associated with a smaller TSC to HDL cholesterol ratio. Lastly, higher TSC and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly associated with larger epinephrine responses. The findings suggest that stress-induced physiological responses are differentially associated with fasting lipids as a function of hostility in healthy young women.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1976

Construct validity of the Holtzman Inkblot Anxiety and Hostility scores.

The group version of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT), the IPAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (ASQ), the Manifest Hostility Scale (MHS), and the Hand Test (HT) were administered to 72 college subjects in an attempt to clarify the nature of the HIT Anxiety (Ax) and Hostility (Hs) scores. The Ax score was found to correlate significantly with the ASQ total score which represents both overt and covert anxiety. The Hs score was found to correlate significantly with the MHS, which is sensitive to moderate levels of verbal hostility, but not with the HT Acting Out Ratio (AOR), which is strictly a measure of overt aggressiveness. The HIT Ax and Hs scores were concluded to relate most closely with measures that encompass a wide spectrum of the variable in question.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1980

Canonical versus factor analytic perspectives on the structure of associations between the MMPI and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory.

A canonical correlational analysis of MMPI profiles versus Buss-Durkee hostility and aggression scales was conducted, resulting in the identification of a general hostility-aggression-maladjustment dimension and three relatively specific aggression-personality relationships. These findings were contrasted with those obtained from a factor analysis of the combination of both sets of scores. Though often used in previous studies of associations between the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and other measures, factor analysis was seen to be less than optimally suited to such a purpose. It was concluded that canonical correlation is preferable to factor analysis when seeking to clarify the multivariate structure of relationships between two sets of variables.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

An ambivalent alliance. Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality.

The equation of prejudice with antipathy is challenged by recent research on sexism. Benevolent sexism (a subjectively favorable, chivalrous ideology that offers protection and affection to women who embrace conventional roles) coexists with hostile sexism (antipathy toward women who are viewed as usurping men's power). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, first validated in U.S. samples, has been administered to over 15,000 men and women in 19 nations. Hostile and benevolent sexism are complementary, cross-culturally prevalent ideologies, both of which predict gender inequality. Women, as compared with men, consistently reject hostile sexism but often endorse benevolent sexism (especially in the most sexist cultures). By rewarding women for conforming to a patriarchal status quo, benevolent sexism inhibits gender equality. More generally, affect toward minority groups is often ambivalent, but subjectively positive stereotypes are not necessarily benign.

Female↗

PubMed1977

An assessment of hostility in a population of adolescents.

In the course of an epidemiological survey of adolescents, the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire was administered to 6,709 persons aged 13 to 18 years, representing 89% of secondary school students in Hobart, Tasmania. Extrapunitiveness was found to decrease substantially between the ages of 15 and 17 years in both sexes. Intropunitiveness also decreased, although to a lesser extent. Girls were less extrapunitive and more intropunitive than boys over the whole age range. These findings are discussed in relation to their clinical relevance and to the understanding of psychiatric disorder in adolescents.

Acting Out↗

PubMed1998

Differences in anger, hostility, and interpersonal aggressiveness in Type A and Type B adolescents.

This study investigated self-reported anger, hostility, interpersonal aggressiveness, and self-confidence in 19 Type A and 11 Type B adolescent boys ages 15 and 16. It was hypothesized that Type As would report greater trait anger and aggressiveness, less confidence in interpersonal relating, and would endorse a pattern of expression of anger and aggressiveness that would differ from Type Bs. No significant differences were found between Type As and Type Bs on measures of global anger and aggressiveness, and no significant relationship between interpersonal hostility and self-confidence was demonstrated. Type As, however, were found to be more likely than Type Bs to report that they lose their temper and that they act in physically aggressive, verbally aggressive, and passive aggressive ways. Results were discussed in terms of the similarity of this pattern in Type A adolescent boys to that described for adult Type A men.

Adolescent↗