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[Hyperaminoaciduria in children].

Hyperaminoaciduria is a major disorder to be considered in the event of growth and mental retardation, convulsion and other unexplained clinical symptoms. This review should enable the general practitioner to determine the conditions necessitating urinary and blood amino acid analyses in order to improve the treatment of children presenting rare pathologies, the prognosis of whom depends on the rapidity of the intervention. The diagnosis and treatment of hereditary and renal hyperaminoaciduria are discussed and a physiological and physiopathological synthesis of the tubular reabsorption of amino acids is presented. The different clinical entities associated with hyperaminoaciduria are then briefly described according to their origin (renal or prerenal).

Child↗

[Intestinal amino acid absorption in vitamin D dependent rickets].

Since structure and specifity of amino acid transport systems are basically similar in kidney and intestines it was suspected that rickets associated with hyperaminoaciduria was linked with defective intestinal amino acid uptake. Therefore amino acid absorption from everted sacs of small intestines was studied in 2 piglets suffering from vitamin D dependent rickets, and 7 healthy piglets using 14-C labelled amino acids. The experiments revealed an unaffected intestinal absorption in the rachitic animals, whereas the uptake decreased significantly with increasing age of the experimental animals. The results from these studies suggest that regulatory factors in the blood system, e.g. increased level of PTH or lack of specific vitamin D metabolites, do not directly affect amino acid transport systems in kidney and intestines. It is concluded that hyperaminoaciduria has to be mediated through specific and thus far unidentified effects at the tubular cell level.

Age Factors↗

I-cell disease. Report of three cases.

Clinical, radiological, histochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical studies were conducted on three cases of I-cell disease. I-cell disease can be readily distinguished from Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis I) by the presence of hypertrophic gums, vacuolated lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and a normal level of urinary mucopolysaccharides. Accumulation of proteoglycans was more prominent in the inclusion bodies of I-cell chondrocytes in comparison to cultured fibroblasts, which contained a large amount of glycolipids and a small amount of proteoglycans. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was suggested in two of the cases.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗