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Transfer of pectoralis major in arthrogryposis to restore elbow flexion: deteriorating results in the long term.

We present the long-term results of pectoralis major transfer to restore elbow flexion in seven patients (ten procedures). The early results in all the patients were encouraging but with longer follow-up a gradual and progressive flexion deformity was observed with a decrease in the arc of flexion in eight elbows, reaching > or = 90 degrees in all cases. The results of pectoralis major transfer deteriorate with time due to the development of a recalcitrant flexion deformity of the elbow. With bilateral involvement we now recommend that the procedure be undertaken on one side only to allow the hand to reach the mouth for feeding, while the opposite side remains in extension for perineal toilet.

Adolescent↗

Perosomus elumbis (vertebral agenesis and arthrogryposis) in a stillborn Holstein calf.

Perosomus elumbis, an infrequently encountered congenital anomaly of unknown etiology, was studied in a female Holstein calf. This error of morphogenesis represents a set of multiorgan malformations that produce a deformity of the caudal one third of the fetus. In this case, the spinal and pelvic malformations were radiographed and then dissected. Intra-abdominal abnormalities of the soft tissues are also described. The normal sequential embryologic development of the vertebrate skeleton, anterior-posterior fetal positioning, and neural tube migration are discussed. An extensive literature of this birth defect in cattle (and sheep) is reveiwed. The reports from a period covering 165 years are compared with the pathologic features in this case. Chromosomal aberrations within the homeobox gene family are postulated to be contributory factors in the development of this type of dysorganogenesis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

[Arthrogryposis].

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Arthrogryposis↗