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The psychology of perpetrators of 'political' violence in South Africa--a personal experience.

My journey embarks with our daughter Lyndi's death at the Heidelberg Massacre in December 1993 and follows the tortuous route of the criminal trial at the end of 1994, through the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Hearings in October 1997, to the discovery that there is no formal provision made by the TRC for counselling of Amnesty Seekers. My concern is for those who have received a militarist socialisation and are now being released into a society already burdened with one of the highest 'political' death rates in the world. What is the way forward? Current local models of dealing with trauma for survivors may be helpful in debriefing for those granted amnesty. However, a large-scale effort is necessary to bring about reconciliation and healing in our broken society, some suggestions are made in this regard.

Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Incarceration, addiction and harm reduction: inmates experience injecting drugs in prison.

Within Canadian prisons HIV/AIDS is becoming more common among inmates. While injection drug use in correctional facilities is documented to be a problem, qualitative research into the HIV risks faced by inmates is lacking. The goal of this research was to qualitatively examine HIV risk associated with injecting inside British Columbia prisons. A sample of 26 former male inmates who had recently used drugs within correctional facilities were recruited from a ongoing cohort study of injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada. Data for this study were collected through in-depth interviews conducted in 2001/2002. Analysis of these data involved identifying emergent themes and then exploring these central concepts in further interviews to confirm the accuracy of interpretation. The harms normally associated with drug addiction, and injection drug use are exacerbated in prison. Interpersonal relationships and the possession of exchangeable resources determine access to scarce syringes. The scarcity of syringes has resulted in patterns of sharing amongst large numbers of persons. Continual reuse of scarce syringes poses serious health hazards and bleach distribution is an inadequate solution. The findings of this study emphasize the need for effective harm reduction programs that provide an appropriate response to the problem of injection drug use among inmates.

Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Kava tonga.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Approaching myopia holistically: a case study and theoretical exploration.

INTRODUCTION: Myopia is a commonly occurring condition that, in Western countries, affects 30%-35% of the population. At present the most common way of treating myopia is by optical intervention by means of spectacles, contact lenses, or surgery. BACKGROUND: An exploration of the history of and scientific rationale for the current methods of treatment are presented. The concept of myopia as a holistic phenomenon and the idea of the possibility of healing are introduced. CASE STUDY: A case study of a patient reducing spectacle strength and using holistic healing techniques to induce changes in myopia is presented together with a statement from the patient. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the contemporary model of vision that justifies the prescription of negative lenses in cases of myopia needs re-examining in light of the case study presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Addressing the spiritual needs of a drug user living with human immunodeficiency virus: a case study.

OBJECTIVES: To describe an application of Spiritual Self-Schema Therapy (3-S) with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive, injection drug-using individual. INTERVENTION: 3-S is a structured and readily administered therapy for integrating a spiritual dimension into addiction treatments for HIV-positive drug users. It posits the existence of many potential "selves," salient among which are the "addict" self and the "spiritual" self. The central strategy of 3-S is to "deactivate" the addict self and "activate" the spiritual self. Techniques to achieve this shift are discussed. RESULTS: Over the course of treatment, this patient was able to use 3-S therapy to shift her dominant sense of self from that of an addict to a spiritual person and reported that this increased feelings of hope and the sense of control. CONCLUSION: A spiritually based therapy appears to help injection drug users with HIV infection and warrants further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The effects of shiatsu: findings from a two-country exploratory study.

OBJECTIVES: To provide insight into client and practitioner perceptions of the effects of shiatsu, in the short and longer term, and positive and negative in nature. DESIGN: A two-country, exploratory study was undertaken in the United Kingdom and Germany. In-depth interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 14 shiatsu practitioners and 15 clients. Client interviews focused on the experience of shiatsu and perceptions of its effects, both positive and negative. Practitioners were also asked about factors that enhanced or inhibited successful treatment. The taped and transcribed data were analyzed using grounded theory, assisted by NVivo (QSR, Markham, Ontario, Canada) software. To enhance generalizability, the findings from the alternative country data set were presented to a further set of practitioners in each country and as a whole to an international meeting of practitioners from seven European countries. RESULTS: There was similarity in the perspectives of the clients and practitioners and participants from the United Kingdom and Germany. Both described a wide range of common, immediate and longer term effects. These included effects on initial symptoms, relaxation, sleeping, posture, and experiences of the body. A category of transitional effect arose, describing an effect that was not particularly positive and did not last long. Practitioners characterized this as being part of the healing response. Only a few negative effects were described by clients. One mentioned a negative physical reaction and two indicated difficulties coping with emotional reactions. While most practitioners conceived negative effects to be possible, these were more likely to be described as negative reactions. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study has shed greater light on the effects of shiatsu. The sample findings provide a user and practitioner grounded base for the design of appropriate questions for exploration in a larger and more generalizable study of the effects of shiatsu.

Acupressure↗
PubMed2003

Acupuncture for people with chronic illness: combining qualitative and quantitative outcome assessment.

OBJECTIVES: Many people with chronic disease seek acupuncture treatment, despite it being largely excluded from Western state-funded health care systems. What benefits and problems do such people perceive and experience as important? To what extent do three subjective health questionnaires encompass and measure these treatment effects? DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES: A longitudinal qualitative study, using a constant comparative method, informed by grounded theory. Each person was interviewed three times over 6 months and before each interview participants completed three health status questionnaires, EuroQol, COOP-WONCA charts, and MYMOP2. Semistructured interviews used open-ended questions to explore peoples' experiences of illness and treatment, and then used the cognitive interview technique to discuss their questionnaire responses. SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS: Eight professional acupuncturists in seven different settings publicized the study to their patients. We interviewed a maximum variation sample of 23 people with chronic illness, who were having acupuncture for the first time. RESULTS: In addition to changes in their presenting symptoms people experienced whole-person effects that were characterized by changes in strength and energy, and changes in personal and social identity. These effects were distinct but not divisible because of their interdependence and their complex and individual development over time. The health status questionnaires varied in their ability to reflect and measure these changes, and the whole person effects were often missed. After 6 months some people had changed their treatment goals and some individuals were still seeing health improvement. One person found that acupuncture exacerbated her symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the range, individuality, and varied temporal patterns of treatment outcomes can guide potential patients, clinicians, health care providers, and researchers. Qualitative methods have highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of different outcome questionnaires, and the importance of long-term follow-up. We plan to do further work on appropriate outcome questionnaire selection and development.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2003

Developing clinical supervision for complementary therapy educators.

To facilitate reflective practice with students of complementary therapy clinical tutors themselves require an understanding and experience of reflective practice. The aim of this study was to implement and evaluate a clinical supervision framework for clinical tutors teaching on the complementary therapy undergraduate program. Clinical supervision was conducted in small groups with a skilled clinical supervisor, and focused on issues arising in the teaching clinic. The evaluation consisted of questionnaires, interviews and focus groups with participants (clinical tutors and clinical supervision facilitators). There is strong evidence that clinical supervision groups offered a supportive learning framework for the clinical tutors, and that this was likely to impact on work with students and patients in a positive way.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

An exploration of clinical teaching using a reflective method with adult students.

This paper explores aspects of clinical teaching in an acupuncture clinic in a university. The intentions of the study were to unearth the personal knowledge that underpins my teaching practice by revealing and illuminating the dissonance between espoused theories of adult education and theories-in-use. In a teaching clinic the complex interactions between the patient, the student and the teacher demand a flexible mix of being simultaneously patient-centered and student-centered, as well as teacher-centered.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2003

Educating the reflective practitioner: graduates in practice.

This paper draws on interview research exploring how recently graduated acupuncturists and homeopaths construct their professional identities, with a goal of assessing whether the processes and values developed in the program are carried forward into practice. The interviews were designed to engage the participants in telling stories about their work and were analyzed through discourse analysis. Although the two practitioners at the focus of this paper show considerable difference in the sophistication of their client management, both can be seen to use reflection to identify problems and find solutions in their work with clients.

Adult↗