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Results for “Auditory Perceptual Disorders”

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PubMed1996

Selective impairment of auditory processing in chronic fatigue syndrome: a comparison with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls.

The most consistent deficit observed in individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome has been in efficiency of information processing. To examine the possibility of a modality-specific impairment, the present study examined subjects with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and healthy controls on an auditory-versus visual-paced serial-addition test. 20 subjects with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 20 subjects with clinically definite Multiple Sclerosis, and 20 sedentary healthy controls were compared. One-half of the subjects in each group were administered the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test and the other half were administered the Paced Visual Serial Addition Test. The group with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome was differentially impaired on the auditory relative to the visual processing task. The group with Multiple Sclerosis was equally impaired on both versions of the task. The results are discussed within the framework of Baddeley's model of working memory.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Unilateral musical hallucinations and all that jazz.

A 78-year-old hearing-impaired woman who presented to hospital with a stroke and a subsequent epileptic seizure later developed unilateral musical hallucinations in her better hearing (right) ear. She was found to have a left-sided temporal epileptic focus and the music ceased after a second anti-convulsant was introduced. Comments are made on unusual features of the hallucination and its probable causation.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Some systematic observations on monaural diplacusis.

Anomalies of monaural pitch perception, including pitch changes with level, roughness and beats, were mapped in the intensity-frequency plane by a listener using continuous-tone stimulation between approximately 1 900 and 2 750 Hz. A narrow region characterized by rapid threshold adaptation was also mapped between approximately 2 590 and 2 690 Hz. In the procedure used to localize the internally generated tones, which were interacting with the externally presented single tones to produce beats, the listener adjusted the frequency of a signal presented to this right ear so that the beat rate heard there was the same as a criterion beat rate produced by two external tones in his left ear. A plot in the intensity-frequency plane of adjustments for a constant-beat rate revealed a remarkable correspondence to the region of adaptation (between 2 590 and 2 690 Hz) in that the former curve was simply shifted in frequency away from the latter by an amount equal to the two-tone interval producing the beat rate. Thus, the locations of 'internal tones' correspond predictably to both the lower and upper-frequency boundaries of the region of adaptation. Pitch changes, as a function of signal level, at frequencies below the region of adaptation were also investigated and appear to reflect a change from interaction to cessation of interaction between the signal and the region of adaptation. The locus of these pitch-related abnormalities, over a broad range of frequencies, points to interaction between that range and a smaller-frequency region where abrupt transitions in sensitivity occur.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

Auditory and psychological factors in 'auditory disability with normal hearing'.

Patients who have 'Auditory Disability with Normal Hearing' (ADN) complain of hearing difficulties even although their hearing is audiometrically 'normal'. The auditory and psychological factors involved in ADN have been investigated by comparing 20 patients of employment age with 20 controls (matched for age, sex and socioeconomic group) on appropriate auditory tests and questionnaires. From the results it was concluded that both auditory and psychological factors are involved in ADN. The principal finding was that as a result of their problems with discriminating speech in noise, individuals with ADN have a tendency to anxiety, depression and loneliness. In addition the otological history of an individual was found to be important in the development of ADN. Finally, it was suggested that bad coping strategies may lead to increased anxiety in those with ADN.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Word deafness in head injury: implications for coma assessment and rehabilitation.

Pure word deafness, usually involving left hemisphere focal lesions that destroy Heschl's gyrus and/or isolate auditory association cortex, may be rare, but cases with additional perceptual or cognitive symptoms may not be. Word deafness can be transient or evolving, and has been seen in various conditions without identifiable focal lesions. Only two closed head injury cases with focal contusions have been reported; we report two more, with diffuse damage and no focal signs. One patient's symptoms evolved soon after they were recognized. The other patient's unresponsiveness to spoken verbal stimuli persisted despite relatively preserved reading and speech, in a context of poor initiation and moderately severe cognitive impairment. Unrecognized, word deafness following head injury could lead to overestimation of coma duration if transient, and impede rehabilitation if chronic.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Binaural pitch-matching with interrupted tones.

The purpose of this paper was to ascertain and compare the binaural pitch-matching abilities of hearing and hearing-impaired people. Three groups of subjects, all adults ranging in age from 21 to 37 years, took part in this investigation. Group A consisted of 18 normal hearing people, Group B consisted of seven people with conductive hearing impairment and Group C consisted of nine people with sensorineural hearing impairment. Their mean binaural pitch-matching errors obtained at each one of the main speech frequencies (250-4000 Hz) were as follows: For the normal hearing group the mean pitch-matching errors varied from 1.57% at 2000 Hz to 2.31% at 4000 Hz. The corresponding values for the conductive group varied from 2.33% at 2000 Hz to 3.28% at 500 Hz. The sensorineural group exhibited mean binaural pitch-matching errors varying from 6.93% at 250 Hz to 14.62% at 1000 Hz. All mean error differences obtained between the sensorineural group and the other two groups of subjects were statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The differences between the normal hearing group and the conductive group did not prove to be statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The differences between the normal hearing group and the conductive group did not prove to be statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Auditory comprehension problems in aphasia from the perspective of aphasic persons and their families and friends.

This study explored with a qualitative approach the experience of auditory comprehension problems from the perspective aphasic persons and their families and friends. Semi-structured group interviews were held with 55 persons (29 aphasic and 26 non-aphasic) who were asked to describe the consequences of aphasia on their lives. Most participants contributed some material to the topic of interest. They described problematic situations, and the behaviours they said they adopted at those times; they also provided explanations of what their problems were. Some discrepancies between aphasic persons and their families and friends were also noted. The essential elements of the experience of an auditory comprehension problem centre around speakers' rate of speech and situations in which aphasic persons feel they are incapable of understanding or of following because of an unfavourable environment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Masking-level differences in older adults: the effect of the level of the masking noise.

In Experiment 1, masking-level differences (MLDs) for a 500-Hz tone at five masker levels were obtained from younger and older adults. For both age groups, there were no reliable increases in MLD once the spectrum level of the masker exceeded 27 dB SPL. MLDs were larger for younger than for older adults over the range of masker levels tested. In Experiment 2, the levels of both the signal and the masker in one ear were attenuated by either 15 or 30 dB relative to their level in the other ear, which was fixed at a spectrum level of 47 dB SPL. MLDs for both age groups declined with increasing IAA and age-related differences were observed in all conditions. The findings of these experiments indicate that (1) age-related differences in MLDs exist even when the level of the masker is sufficiently high that older adults achieve their plateau performance, and (2) older listeners are not disadvantaged more than younger listeners by interaural differences in the level of the input.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2005

Risk markers for the graded severity of auditory processing abnormality in an older Australian population: the Blue Mountains Hearing Study.

A recent report from a population-based survey of hearing loss in 2015 older adults showed that the overall prevalence of central auditory processing (CAP) abnormality was high at 76.4% using abnormality on one or more of seven speech-based test outcomes as the criteria. The present study grouped these test outcomes to reflect increasing severity of CAP abnormality and examined the relationship between this graded dependent variable and 16 independent variables. Logistic regression modeling suggested that moderate and severe CAP abnormality increased with age and was associated with increased hearing handicap, and men were more likely than women to show severe abnormality. While 98.5% of the population passed a cognitive screening assessment, declining cognitive function was still associated with the increased likelihood of CAP abnormality.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sequencing versus nonsequencing working memory in understanding of rapid speech by older listeners.

The goal of this study was to identify specific neurocognitive deficits that are associated with older listeners' difficulty understanding rapid speech. Older listeners performed speech recognition tests comprised of time-compressed sentences with and without context, and on a neurocognitive battery aimed specifically at testing working memory, processing speed, and attention. A principle component analysis identified three main cognitive components as follows: a sequencing working memory (WM-S) component, a nonsequencing working memory (WM-NS) component, and a processing speed (PS) component. Each of the cognitive component scores was divided into high, mid, and low categories. Sentence performance of the cognitive subgroups was compared within each component. The results showed that, with hearing loss and age accounted for, the cognitive score groups differed similarly on the sentence condition scores also at 50 and 60% time compression, particularly on the subgroups of the WM-S component. The results suggest that deficits in a separate working memory function identified as sequencing were associated with differences in ability to understand time-compressed speech in this study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Language development from six to twelve.

This article has shown that the elementary school years are vital for the growth of linguistic skills. During this period children go from a relatively rudimentary understanding of syntax and grammar to a very sophisticated appreciation of the complexities of language. Syntactic skills also are increasing during these years, particularly the ability to understand factitive verbs and complicated prepositions and conjunctions. Additionally, the child is developing a greater awareness of what language is and how to manipulate and use it. This allows the youngster greater flexibility in dealing with metaphors, poetry, and linguistic interpretation. A child's expressive skills improve during the elementary years; both the ability to narrate events and to provide appropriate information is increasing dramatically. The child progresses from learning to write sentences to producing long term papers and sophisticated reports. Also, it has been shown that children who have problems in these areas are at risk for academic failure and social isolation. Pediatricians play a significant role in identifying children with such problems. Often children are not discovered by teachers who are overwhelmed by large classes or encumbered with a complicated curriculum. Fortunately, physicians come in contact with children regularly and, by asking the right questions and inquiring about school progress, they can often determine if a child needs further assessment. In addition, instruments have been specifically designed to enable physicians to assess the age-appropriateness of a child's linguistic skills. By using specific subtests physicians can quickly determine whether a child's receptive, expressive, or syntactical skills are intact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Driving to learn: a new concept for training children with profound cognitive disabilities in a powered wheelchair.

Analysis of the case studies of two preschool children with profound cognitive disabilities indicates that training in a powered wheelchair can increase wakefulness and alertness, stimulate a limited use of the arms and hands, and promote the understanding of very simple cause-and-effect relationships. The enhanced activity level had a positive influence on the children's ability to react to external stimuli and invitations to interact. These effects in turn promoted the development of initiative and exploratory behavior. Because of their profound cognitive disabilities, neither of the children was able to reach the normative training goal-to be able to drive purposefully and safely. In this paper the target group is defined according to criteria for the prescription of powered wheelchairs and the resulting new concept of 'driving to learn' is described and discussed from different aspects.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗