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Results for “BLADDER DISEASES”

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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

[Squamous cell carcinoma in an augmentation of the ilial bladder for tuberculosis].

The development of cancer on the ileal graft after augmentation ileocystoplasty benign bladder disease is a little known complication. The authors report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in the ileal bladder occurring 31 years after augmentation ileocystoplasty for tuberculous bladder, in a 60-year-old patient. The ileal bladder was resected and a new augmentation ileocystoplasty was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examination of the operative specimen showed infiltration of all of the intestinal wall. The patient died one year after, in a context of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1993

[Urinary bladder nuclear cytology: results of karyometric investigations].

To assess the value of nuclear morphometry in the cytological diagnosis of urinary bladder carcinoma, washouts of the urinary bladder from 168 patients with histological established bladder cancer were studied. Morphometrical measurements were done on the nuclei of the exfoliated cells. This retrospective study showed that the nuclear parameter obtained by automated image analysis may be helpful in the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic urinary bladder disease and correlate fairly with the classic histologic grading of malignancy in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reconstitution of single potassium channels from bovine gall-bladder epithelium.

The study of molecular transport across gall-bladder epithelium may contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of gall-bladder disease. The aim of this study was to reconstitute and characterize single potassium ion channels in bovine gall-bladder epithelial mucosa - both apical and basolateral aspects. Standard subcellular fractionation techniques were used to form either apical or basolateral closed-membrane vesicles from the mucosal epithelium of fresh gall bladders from healthy young adult cattle. Vesicular ion channels were incorporated into voltage-clamped planar lipid bilayers under known ionic conditions and their conductances, reversal potentials, and voltages were characterized. Low-conductance voltage-insensitive apical membrane vesicle channels of at least four conductance levels were found (mean +/- SD): 12+/-4 pS, n = 10; 40+/-12 pS, n = 4; 273+/-31 pS, n = 3; and 151+/-24 pS, n = 5. Conductances of potassium ion channels in basolateral membrane vesicles were in the range 9 - 450 pS, and these channels included high-conductance calcium-activated potassium-ion channels 'K(Ca)' which were voltage- and calcium-dependent.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee recommendations. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services.

OBJECTIVES: The development of recommendations for physicians, nurse practitioners, and nutritionists to guide the evaluation and treatment of overweight children and adolescents. METHODS: The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, the Department of Health and Human Services convened a committee of pediatric obesity experts to develop the recommendations. RESULTS: The Committee recommended that children with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to the 85th percentile with complications of obesity or with a BMI greater than or equal to the 95th percentile, with or without complications, undergo evaluation and possible treatment. Clinicians should be aware of signs of the rare exogenous causes of obesity, including genetic syndromes, endocrinologic diseases, and psychologic disorders. They should screen for complications of obesity, including hypertension, dyslipidemias, orthopedic disorders, sleep disorders, gall bladder disease, and insulin resistance. Conditions that indicate consultation with a pediatric obesity specialist include pseudotumor cerebri, obesity-related sleep disorders, orthopedic problems, massive obesity, and obesity in children younger than 2 years of age. Recommendations for treatment evaluation included an assessment of patient and family readiness to engage in a weight-management program and a focused assessment of diet and physical activity habits. The primary goal of obesity therapy should be healthy eating and activity. The use of weight maintenance versus weight loss to achieve weight goals depends on each patient's age, baseline BMI percentile, and presence of medical complications. The Committee recommended treatment that begins early, involves the family, and institutes permanent changes in a stepwise manner. Parenting skills are the foundation for successful intervention that puts in place gradual, targeted increases in activity and targeted reductions in high-fat, high-calorie foods. Ongoing support for families after the initial weight-management program will help families maintain their new behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations provide practical guidance to pediatric clinicians who evaluate and treat overweight children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Gall bladder empyema--another good reason for early cholecystectomy.

Over an 18-month period, 31 cholecystectomies were performed for empyema of the gall bladder. Analysis of these 31 cases showed that clinical features referable to the diagnosis and seriousness of this condition were few. The presence of a gall bladder mass was detected in only 35% of patients. In adopting a policy of early cholecystectomy for patients admitted for acute gall bladder disease, a low mortality rate of 3.2% was achieved for this group of patients with empyema of the gall bladder. Based on these results, we found that empyema of the gall bladder is another good reason to support early cholecystectomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Bladder cancer screening at the Dupont Chambers Works: a new initiative.

Persons occupationally exposed to known or suspected human bladder carcinogens are being recruited for a 3-year case-control study of the efficacy of and adherence to a home self-testing protocol for microscopic hematuria as a method for early detection of treatable urologic conditions, including bladder cancer. All employees of the DuPont Chambers Works who are currently in the tumor surveillance program (those known to have been exposed to beta-naphthylamine, benzidine, and 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline] will be asked to participate. Age-matched controls will be recruited from the community. Recent advances in identifying clinical signs of underlying bladder disease among the asymptomatic have been implemented in our screening design. Quarterly urinalyses will include the traditional microscopic examination of the urine to detect red blood cells. Participants will test their urine for microhematuria using the Ames HemastixR for 14 consecutive days every other quarter. On alternating quarters, cytologies will be performed. Persons who test positive (hematuria and/or abnormal cytology) will be referred for a complete urologic workup.

Chemical Industry↗

PubMed1996

Hepatic cystic disease in an adult polycystic kidney disease transplant population.

BACKGROUND: A study of the incidence of polycystic liver in a transplant population and an assessment of the impact of this disease on the group was undertaken. Clinical presentation, investigation and treatment of hepatic polycystic disease are explored. METHODS: The study examined the morbidity incurred by polycystic liver disease in patients, patient and graft survival, incidence of hepatic cysts and presentation, investigation and management of morbid hepatic cystic disease. One hundred and eleven patients were studied. RESULTS: It was found that hepatic cysts occurred in the majority of patients that underwent transplants for renal failure because of polycystic kidney disease at this institution. Symptomatic hepatic cystic disease was found to be primarily responsible for three deaths and affected between 15 and 20% of the group. Gall bladder disease was found to be associated with highly symptomatic hepatic cystic disease. CONCLUSION: Hepatic cystic disease is common in patients that have had kidney transplants because of polycystic kidney disease. Morbidity is likely to increase as patients survive for longer periods. Cholecystectomy should be considered in patients with significant hepatic cystic disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Rat: overview and innervation.

Despite the development of molecular and cellular methods for examining physiological processes, the use of the whole animal model remains essential to advance knowledge regarding the integration and coordination of events associated with urinary tract function. The rat offers an inexpensive and versatile species to investigate bladder and urethral responses to drugs or pathology. Models for many disorders have been developed in rodents including diabetes, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, bladder outlet obstruction, pain, and aging. This review examines methodologies to evaluate lower urinary tract function and manipulations used to create pathological models in rodents.

Aging↗

PubMed1995

[Interstitial cystitis].

Interstitial cystitis, first described one hundred years ago, is difficult to classify in urological pathology. It essentially affects middle-aged women. Two main theories are currently proposed to explain its pathogenesis: the permeable epithelium theory and the mast cell theory. However, other factors are also involved: vascular, neurological, infectious and immune. This disease has a chronic course with no transformation of the nonulcerative form into the ulcerative form. There are no specific histological criteria, even the presence of mast cells in the bladder wall. However, histology is able to exclude other bladder disease, principally carcinoma in situ. The diagnosis is therefore based on clinical examination and endoscopy, after excluding other diseases. The essential complementary investigations are cystoscopy and cystomanometry which must be performed according to rigorous protocols. Conservative treatment is based on vesical hydrodistension, bladder retraining, bladder instillations (DMSO) and systemic treatments (sodium pentosanpolysulfate). Surgery is required in 1 to 5% of cases due to failure of medical treatment and the severity of the symptoms. Electrical or laser coagulation of the ulcers is effective. Partial cystectomy with cystoplasty is reserved for forms sparing the trigone, while cystourethrectomy and urinary diversion may be indicated in other more advanced and refractory cases.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1997

Urine autoantibodies in interstitial cystitis.

Interstitial cystitis is a chronic bladder disease with certain features that suggest autoimmunity may play a role in initiating or maintaining the disease process. We therefore determined whether immunoglobulin fractions from 14 IC patient and 19 control urine specimens bound in vitro to primary cultures of human bladder epithelial cells, as well as epithelial cells from a variety of other tissues. Urine autoantibodies that bound to normal human bladder epithelial cells were present in 8 of 14 IC specimens (from 6 of 9 IC patients) as compared to 3 of 23 control specimens (from 2 of 17 control patients). These antibodies, which were usually also present at low titers in sera from these persons, bound to at least four nuclear or cytoplasmic antigens, with the specificity of autoantibodies from a given individual varying over time. The autoantibodies were not specific for normal or malignant bladder epithelial cells, but bound to epithelial cells from a variety of tissues. These data show that anti-epithelial cell autoantibodies are present in the urine of IC patients, but suggest that these antibodies are not likely to be a primary cause of this disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Incontinence in female neurogenic bladders. Resolution by endoscopic bladder neck suspension.

Five incontinent females with neurogenic bladder diseases underwent endoscopic vesical neck suspension (Stamey procedure). Four patients have become dry on clean intermittent catheterisation and one has shown improvement. Bladder capacity was increased to a reasonable size in all patients. There has been no upper tract deterioration during the follow-up period of 3 to 25 months. We believe that the Stamey procedure is useful in alleviating urinary incontinence in neurogenic bladders provided that the bladder is drained regularly by intermittent catheterisation and that low detrusor compliance or detrusor hyper-reflexia is adequately managed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

[Vesicorenal reflux following endoscopic treatment of vesical tumors. Developmental and therapeutic complications].

A survey of 107 patients treated for bladder papillomatosis, 78 of which recurred, confirmed the frequency of appearance of an iatrogenic reflux (28 cases: 26%). The main explanations for its onset are resection and orificial sclerosis. Two consequences of reflux are discussed. One is very probable: the development of tumoral lesions in the upper excretory pathways. Noted in 7 (25%) of the 28 cases, these high tumors can be partly explained by the mechanism of cell implantation, grafts being ascending in cases of reflux. A relation between severity of reflux and site of secondary tumor was not found (6 unilateral and 1 bilateral tumor). This was also true for the effect of the bladder lesion stage on frequency of high localizations. The second possible consequence of reflux, the subject of much greater debate, concerns the increased risk of toxicity from local chemotherapy which could lead to increase in the time and area of contact. This risk appears to be very low (2 interruptions of therapy in 10 patients treated with Thiotepa, none with mitomycin). Diagnosis of reflux affects treatment of the bladder tumor. When reflux is associated with high lesions, treatment of the tumor is the first imperative and is dependent on the manner in which it is conceived. When reflux is isolated, its surgical correction with the aim of preventing development of a pyelo-ureteral tumor is not widely accepted, since the condition of the patient and the course of the bladder disease must be taken into consideration.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Our experience in urologic surgery with a new polyglycolic acid (Darvin)].

Catgut chromic has long been used as an absorbable suture and recently polyglycolic acid has been used widely as a suturing material causing minor tissue reaction. The aim of this study is to consider the bioavailability of a new absorbable suture which is a modified polyglycolic acid: Darvin. We considered 10 consecutive patients surgically treated for a bladder disease. They were cystoscopically followed 30 and 90 days after surgery. We noted a complete integration of the suture material in the bladder wall and no side reactions of the bladder.

Biocompatible Materials↗

PubMed1991

Chronic granulomatous cholecystitis: a clinicopathological study of 17 cases.

In a clinicopathological study of 376 cases of gall bladder diseases, chronic granulomatous cholecystitis was diagnosed in 17 specimens (4.52%). All these cases presented with pain in the right hypochondrium and a non-functioning gall bladder. Besides cholegranulomas and xanthogranulomas, 5 cases presented with localised yellowish brown areas in the wall of the gall bladder which revealed on histology proliferation of histiocytes containing abundant granular brown pigment (as seen in ceroid granulomas), intermingled with lymphocytes, plasma cells and occasional foreign body giant cells. The average age of the patients was 41.3 years. Cholelithiasis was present in 12 cases (70.6%). In one case the gall bladder was bilocular, having granulomatous lesion on one side of the septum and papillary adenocarcinoma on the other side.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Prognostic value of cytofluorometry in bladder tumors].

Bladder lavage fluid was examined using flow-cytometry (FCM) in 112 patients with transitional cell carcinoma seen over 30 months. FCM investigates the entire mucosa, furnishes indications as to the possible existence of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, and thus provides for a more accurate evaluation of the evolutive potential of the "bladder disease". FCM consists in the automated assay of the DNA content of epithelial cells. The test is positive when "tumorous" diploid or aneuploid cells are demonstrated. The diagnostic sensitivity of FCM is comparable to that of cytologic diagnosis on bladder lavage specimens, but FCM has the additional advantage of detecting those patients at high risk for disease progression by measurement of the DNA index. Grade 1 and 2 tumors are diploid in 70% of patients, against only 14% for grade 3 tumors and carcinomas in situ. Follow up of 25 grade 2 patients and determination of the recurrence index clearly establishes the prognostic significance of the degree of tumorous ploidy. Furthermore, the effectiveness of endovesical chemotherapy can be monitored using FCM measurement of the aneuploidy index.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Epidemiology, trends, and morbidities of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

Obesity has been described as an epidemic because of the rapid increase in the number of overweight and obese individuals over the past 20 yr. This increasing prevalence of obesity is a worldwide phenomenon affecting both children and adults. The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of central adiposity, impaired fasting glucose, elevated blood pressure, and dyslipidemia (high triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol). When three of these five criteria are present, the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes is increased 1.5- to 2-fold. As body weight, expressed as the BMI, rises, there are a number of other diseases that are associated with it. First, life span is shortened and the risk of sudden death increases. Second, the risk of diabetes, gall bladder disease, hypertension, heart disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, and certain forms of cancer also increase.

Adiposity↗

PubMed2001

[Evaluation of maxillodental status of children with gastrointestinal diseases].

One hundred and thirty three children aged 1 to 15 years with gastrointestinal diseases were studied. The authors found changes of the dentomaxillary system condition in all the patients. The changes were more frequently observed in gall bladder diseases and chronic hepatitis. In under 7 year old children pathologic changes in the hard dental tissues predominated, while at the age of 7 to 11 years deformation of the jaws did. The severity of pathological changes of the dentomaxillary system depended on the duration of gastrointestinal diseases. One to eleven year old children may be assigned to the risk group for the development of jaw deformations. Deformations were more pronounced in subjects with physical development retardation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Ultrastructural study of an antibody-stabilized bladder surface: a new perspective on the elusive glycosaminoglycan layer.

The thin mucus or glycosaminoglycan layer of the bladder may be implicated in the pathogenesis of many bladder disease states. We have developed a specific antimucus, antisera stabilization technique to study the ultrastructural morphological appearance of the layer in both normal and abnormal bladders that should provide a new perspective on this elusive layer.

Cystitis↗