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Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

A measure of the fulfillment of health needs.

Female patients, sixty-five of age and over, admitted to acute medical and psychiatric wards of a municipal hospital were observed directly and unobtrusively for a three hour time period every other day during the first two weeks of hospitalization. The behaviors of the patients and of those who interacted with them were recorded and later categorized according to fifteen activities defined as representing basic health needs. Behaviors were compared according to the outcome of hospitalization, discharge, transfer to another ward or institution, or death. Differences which distinguished patients who were discharged from those who died were found in the activities of movement, comunication, and learning. Behaviors observed at different points in time during hospitalization also were compared. This study is the first step in the development of an instrument to measure the perceived satisfaction of health needs of geriatric patients in institutions.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Effects of contingent payment on compliance with a naltrexone regimen.

The effects of several schedules of payment on duration and patterns of compliance with a naltrexone regimen were examined. Patients were paid under contingencies based on either number of doses ingested or on a fixed time schedule. Reinforcement schedules based on number of doses ingested produced more consistent treatment-oriented behavior than a time-based schedule. Covariation between behavior and alternating contingencies (A-B-A) indicated that the schedules contributed to increased duration of treatment compared to previous noncontingent payment. The issue of using extrinsic reinforcers such as monetary payment to enhance compliance is discussed and additional procedures are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Foreign students in Germany: a comparative report of satisfaction with medical behavioral sciences education.

Since it is a challenge to study in a foreign country, educators might wonder how foreign students feel about their studies. Through our quantitative student evaluation of classes on Medical Psychology & Research Methodology and on Doctor/Patient Communication, I found that foreign students had a significantly higher level of satisfaction with their studies than their German peers. Reflections are offered as to why our foreign students were so much more satisfied with these courses than their German peers, and the implications of these findings are discussed. This paper thus aims to stimulate further research on how international students view their medical education.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adverse selection and generosity of alcohol treatment benefits.

Concerns about attracting disproportionate numbers of employees with alcohol problems limit employers' willingness to offer health plans with generous alcohol treatment benefits. This paper analyzes two potential avenues of adverse selection, namely biased enrollment into plans and biased exit from plans offered by 57 employers between 1991 and 1997. We compare alcohol treatment use rates and costs of new and old enrollees between more generous and less generous plans; we also analyze disenrollment rates and enrollment duration by plan generosity for users and nonusers of alcohol treatment services. To avoid confounding benefit generosity with other plan features, in particular the use of managed care mechanisms, we compare plans that were administered in the same way by a large managed behavioral health care organization. Overall, we find no evidence of adverse selection into more generous plans. Contrary to the selection hypothesis, treatment costs of new members compared to old members are lower in firms with more generous treatment benefits than in firms with more limited benefits. Also, users of alcohol treatment services do not remain disproportionately enrolled longer in plans with generous benefits.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1992

Contract management behavioral health programs: are hospitals satisfied with their performance?

Many hospitals have opted to develop and operate inpatient behavioral health programs utilizing contract management providers. This article identifies key performance characteristics for such programs and summarizes the degree of performance satisfaction reported by 48 hospitals. Performance characteristics include bed occupancy, net income, contract management fees, marketing support, staffing ratios, and staff turnover. The survey data also compares bottom-line performance characteristics for groups of contract management programs rated most and least satisfactory in overall performance. The survey findings are used to develop contract negotiation strategy designed to shift greater accountability for program performance to contract management providers in order for hospitals to achieve maximum return from these programs.

Bed Occupancy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Creating value-focused healthcare delivery systems: Part two--Value-focus traits and characteristics.

The healthcare arena is undergoing dramatic changes. These changes require new ways of thinking and doing. As Albert Einstein said, "We can't expect to solve problems utilizing the same level of thinking that created the problems in the first place." We must fundamentally change the way we think and do things if we want fundamental change to occur. The creation of value for all participants in the healthcare arena must become a major focus of the industry. As the healthcare industry has undergone fundamental change in the way services are provided and are reimbursed, successful healthcare providers and suppliers will create enhanced value through development and implementation of value-focus traits to include vision creation, leadership/communication, proactivity, anticipation, flexibility, innovation/creativity, knowledge, customized standardization, and service quality/accountability. The last part of this series will present the required administrative and management skills providers should possess and utilize to ensure that value is created in the delivery of care.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An experimental nursing study: a behavior modification approach to nursing therapeutics in body positioning of spinal cord-injured patients.

Ten spinal cord-injured patients at a rehabilitation center were randomly assigned to two groups: one group received behavior modification training in body positioning, the other group received customary body positioning nursing care. Body positioning behaviors were modified through demonstration of body positions and shaping of body position moves with attention from the nurse as the positive reinforcer. Following treatment, the behavior modification group showed significant change in increased frequencies of daily changes of position and patient-initiated changes of position; in decreases assistance needed for change of position, and in decreased frequencies of intervals of prolonged skin pressure. There was no significant change in frequency of face lying or participation in ward activities of daily living. Replications of the study are needed for confirmation of findings.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1975

Developing helping relationships in dietetic counseling.

Counseling involves (a) the development of rapport between conselor and conselee and (b) the use by the counselor of strategies to create behavior change in the counselee. Dietetic educational programs have apparently focused on the latter, action-oriented procedures, with little attention being given to training in the development of helping relationships. A training program, designed to build such skills in human resource workers, is described. Listed are six steps considered essential, all of which involve an understanding of self by the counselor, some knowledge of the helping skills, and experience in practicing them. Steps in skill training are also enumerated. The program merits inclusion in dietetic education programs.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Change leadership behaviors to change performance results: the foundation of top customer satisfaction.

Raising customer satisfaction in health-care organizations has been a priority for the past 5 years or more. Articles and books continue to be written on the topic and speeches and presentations are given to eager audiences of professionals who have a deep desire to improve customer satisfaction. Yet research indicates that customer satisfaction, on average, in the health-care industry barely has improved. This column will examine why some organizations, using the same best practice techniques and approaches for top customer satisfaction, achieve wonderful results as most others achieve meager results, at best. The answer to achieving top customer satisfaction lies in the leadership of the organization. When leaders change their thinking and behaviors, results will change.

Behavior↗