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Tools of the trade.

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Cooking and Eating Utensils↗

[HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Point system) at a catering service: checklist and microbiological examination].

The A.A. carried out a survey on the functioning of a catering service in Rome. The risk analysis assessment was performed by means of a checklist that collected systematically all data about the environment, the operators, the food and the catering process. The results of the microbiological analysis carried out in the CCP's showed that the general conditions of the catering service were not satisfactory, but also indicated the validity of the checklist used. This method showed a high predictive value and can be useful to improve the application of the HACCP system.

Clostridium↗

Integrating the Jewish Dietary Laws into a dietetics program. Kashruth in a dietetics curriculum.

A clinical and community dietetics program integrates Kashruth, the Jewish Dietary Laws, into its curriculum. Simply defined, kosher means fit for consumption. Emblems used throughout the United States and Canada to indicate a program of rabbinic endoresment and supervision of canned, boxed, and bottled products are included. An existing kosher unit is described, and guidelines for establishing a kosher food science laboratory unit are offered. Suggestions for instituting kosher foodservice in health care facilities are given. Therapeutic applications of Kashruth are suggested, and approved therapeutic food products are listed.

Cooking↗

Determination of lead and cadmium in ceramicware leach solutions by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy: method development and interlaboratory trial.

This method was developed to improve sensitivity and eliminate time consuming, evaporative pre-concentration in AOAC Method 973.82 and American Society for Testing and Materials method C738 for testing foodware. The method was developed using leach solutions obtained by leaching 9 differently decorated ceramic vessels with 4% acetic acid for 24 h at room temperature. Lead and cadmium concentrations in leach solutions were 0.005-17,600 and 0.0004-0.500 microg/mL, respectively. Concentrations were determined using peak area, phosphate chemical modifier (8.3 microg PO4(-3)), and a standard curve for quantitation. Optimized pre-atomization and atomization temperatures were 1,300 and 1,800 degrees C, respectively, for Pb and 1,100 and 1,700 degrees C, respectively, for Cd. Characteristic masses (mo) were 10 and 0.4 pg for Pb and Cd, respectively. Precision of repeated analyses of calibration solutions was < or =3% relative standard deviation. Precision of duplicate leach solution analyses on different days was 0-9% relative difference. Recovery from fortified leach solutions was 96-106%. Results obtained by this method agreed 92-110% with those of confirmatory analyses. Results of certified reference material solutions agreed 94-100% with certificate values. Pb and Cd limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.005 and 0.0005 microg/mL, respectively. Results from 3 trial laboratories for 4 leach solutions containing Pb and Cd concentrations of 0.017-1.47 and <0.0005-0.0864 microg/mL, respectively, agreed 89-102% with results of the author. Two attributes of this method were noteworthy: (1) Background absorbance due to organic matter was entirely absent from atomization profiles, making the use of short pre-atomization hold times (2 s) possible. (2) Instrument precision was excellent and only one determination per solution was needed. Acceptance criteria for quality control measurements and a practical procedure for estimating the method LOQ during routine regulatory analyses are described.

Acetic Acid↗

Traumatic herniation of the buccal fat pad.

Two new cases of traumatic herniation of the buccal fat pad are presented. The herniated fat pad was repositioned in case 1 and was excised in case 2. There was no recurrence after surgery in each case. Reviewing the literature, the lesion usually occurred in infants or young children under the age of 4 years as a result of traumatic penetration of the buccal mucosa and buccinator muscle with a foreign object.

Accidental Falls↗

[Effect of a ration containing an elevated amount of aluminum on the levels of sugar, inorganic phosphorus and calcium in the periferal blood].

The study was made in connection with wide utilization of aluminum kitchen-ware, the effect of aluminium on the human blood sugar and phosphorus level not being known well enough. The calcium metabolism has not been investigated earlier in this aspect. The basic group included 62 male- and female-workers of a brewery, the control one being made up of 51 male and female-workers of a dairy. The former consumed almost daily together with beer and food 200-300 mg of aluminium, inasmuch as beer is brewed in vessels made of realively little resistant chemically iron-containing aluminium. The food ration of the examined from the control grop contained up to 70 mg of aluminium which is quite common when food is cooked in vessels made of aluminium A 99.50. Otherwise, the dietary of both groups had practically no difference. The blood was analyzed by following generally accepted procedures (A. A. Pokrovsky, 1969). The blood of the male- and female-workers of the brewery and dairy showed no statistically significant difference in the sugar, inorganic phosphorus and calcium content, nor the results of the investigations and the analysis of the pertinent figures varied from those adopted as normal for healthy individuals. This implies that considerable quantities of aluminum oxide and hydroxide, found chiefly in beer and food, do not affect adversely the glycolysis, phosphorylation and the calcium metabolism, contingent upon the latter.

Adult↗

Health hazards of ceramic artists.

Ceramic artists can be exposed to many hazards including metals (such as lead), fibrogenic dusts (such as silica), heat, repetitive motion, radiation, and toxic emissions from kilns. The health risks of these exposures have not been well characterized among artists, although limited information is available from commercial potteries. Adverse health effects may be prevented by using less hazardous materials (such as lead-free glazes), improved ventilation, and proper work practices. Special precautions must be in place if children have access to the ceramics studio. The use of glazed ceramic dishes can be a risk for lead toxicity. Food should not be stored in glazed ceramics, and pregnant women should avoid daily use of ceramic mugs for drinking hot beverages.

Accidents, Occupational↗

[A Masonic invalid feeding cup].

Description and reproduction of an extremely rare faience Creil-et-Montereau invalid feeding cup, made between 1849 and 1867, with a yellow ground and decorated with subjects symbolic of freemasonry.

Cooking and Eating Utensils↗

Deep partial thickness burn after contact with a Meal Ready-To-Eat heater.

A case of a Meal Ready-To-Eat heater injury resulting in a deep partial thickness burn is presented. The patient was treated as an outpatient at our battalion aid station. By establishing the depth, extent, and severity of a burn injury, a decision can be made regarding whether outpatient or inpatient therapy is appropriate. A brief description of the Meal Ready-To-Eat heater injury and general guidelines for the outpatient management of burns are presented.

Adult↗