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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

On selecting a body surface mapping procedure.

Throughout the world, various procedures related to body surface mapping have evolved. The large differences in these procedures make multicenter studies difficult. This paper discusses the problems involved in selecting the number of leads, lead placement, and map format. Methods are highlighted that have been developed for pooling of the data as obtained by different centers. Recommendations are included to newcomers in the field. (The work stems from an international study, the Noninvasive Evaluation of the Myocardium, a study group sponsored by the European Commission, which has as one of its objectives the standardization of body surface mapping procedures.)

Body Surface Potential Mapping↗
PubMed1998

Manager "tool box" improves HMO customer service productivity, quality.

A tool box full of productivity and quality reports: Kaiser Permanente has dramatically improved the quality and productivity of its 12 member services offices thanks to a toolbox of five different reports to track staff productivity, case flow, quality of reps' work, and projected staffing levels. Use these templates and tips from Kaiser to develop your own easy-to-use spreadsheet tools.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence and anatomic characteristics of infarct-like lesions on MR images of middle-aged adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging has revealed putative evidence of subclinical cerebrovascular disease (CVD) as reflected by white matter signal changes and infarct-like lesions (ILLs). Nonetheless, the prevalence of this condition in the general population has been defined only to a limited extent. We herein report the prevalence and anatomic characteristics of ILLs seen on cranial MR images obtained as part of a population-based study of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults. These results are contrasted to those of previous similar studies, particularly those of an elderly population in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). METHODS: This Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort consists of a probability sample of community-living persons who were 55 to 72 years old at the time of MR examination. MR imaging of 1890 participants was performed at two ARIC field centers, based on a common protocol. MR studies were evaluated by trained readers at the MR Reading Center using original digital data displayed on a high-resolution workstation. The measures of lesion size, anatomic location, and signal intensity were collected. The definition for an ILL was a non-mass, hyperintense region with an arterial vascular distribution on spin-density and T2-weighted images. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety participants had ILLs, for an overall prevalence of 15.3%. Eighty-two percent of participants with ILLs had lesions that were 3 mm or larger in maximal dimension, although 87% of these lesions were 20 mm or smaller in maximal dimension. The prevalence of ILLs increased with age, from 7.9% in the 55- to 59-year-old age group to 22.9% in the 65- to 72-year-old age group (P < .001). Lesion prevalence was greater in black (20.7%) than in white persons (10.2% [P < .0001]), but did not differ significantly between male and female participants. The basal ganglia and thalamic region was the most commonly affected anatomic site, accounting for 78.9% of the lesions. CONCLUSION: Considering that the prevalence of self-reported stroke or transient ischemic attack in ARIC participants is 1.5%, these results suggest that there is significantly more subclinical than clinical CVD in the general population. Furthermore, the prevalence of this subclinical disease increases with age, and is greater in black persons. ILLs are dominated by "lacunae" in the basal ganglia and thalamus. These results are, in general, similar to those of a comparable study of elderly participants in the CHS, except for a 60% lower prevalence of ILLs in this younger population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

The ergonomics of virtual reality: human factors in developing clinical-oriented virtual environments.

Virtual Reality (VR) is usually described as a collection of technological hardware: a computer capable of 3D real-time animation, a head-mounted display, data gloves equipped with one or more position trackers. However, this focus on technology is disappointing for clinicians interested in developing virtual environments to be used in assessment and therapy. To overcome this limitation this chapter describes VR as an advanced communication tool: a communication medium in the case of multi-user VR and a communication interface in single-user VR. Two are the core characteristics of VR as communication tool: the perceptual illusion of nonmediation and the sense of community. The first characteristic of a satisfying virtual environment is the disappearance of mediation, a level of experience where both the VR system and the physical environment disappear from the user's phenomenal awareness. The second characteristic is the sense of community developed by interaction. Through interaction made possible by multi-user VR, individuals find or form groups that share interests. So, information exchange becomes the carrier for expressing self-concept and eliciting emotional support. Within this view, experiencing presence and telepresence does not depend so much on the faithfulness of the reproduction of 'physical' aspects of 'external reality'--which is also a social production, and not a primitive or 'natural' fact--as on the capacity of simulation to produce a context in which social actors may communicate and cooperate. The consequences of this approach for the design and the development of clinical oriented VR systems are presented, together with the methodological and technical implications for the study of advanced human-computer interaction.

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Placenta--a source of biologically active substances].

In the review there are some data displaying the scientific and patent literature presenting placenta as a rich source of some biologically active substances (BAS): proteins, lipids, enzymes, glycolipids and glycolipoproteins, hormones. This information is capable to be used while developing the techniques of BAS producing from placenta in order of creating the organospecific complex preparations with medically-preventive properties.

Biological Factors↗
PubMed2000

Detection of emerging resistance patterns within longitudinal surveillance systems: data sensitivity and microbial susceptibility.

Communicating information from antimicrobial resistance surveillance study data to microbiologists and physicians can be challenging. Large amounts of data, commonly reaching millions of MICs or zone 20diameter endpoints, must be analysed and condensed to easily-read tables or figures. Furthermore, data must not be prejudged relative to susceptibility categories, because of the diverse nature of interpretive criteria available internationally. An attempt must be made to present results of all surveillance studies in a mode that can be reinterpreted for immediate use in different geographical areas, or used to compare future data with relative ease and high accuracy. Such data displays require peer-reviewed journals to permit greater numbers of more complex tables to present results. The Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) study is a year-on-year global surveillance programme in medical centres where meropenem is available for use. We have developed a presentation strategy that expands the long-term clinical value of MYSTIC results. In addition to statistical parameters, tables of cumulative percentages or numbers of strains inhibited at each tested antimicrobial concentration will be presented. Alternative figures (Finland-o-grams) could also be used, but these generally lack precise extractable rates and require more journal space. Regardless of study design, promotion of this presentation philosophy enhances any surveillance study's value to each reader or user and facilitates application to locally appropriate interpretations. The widespread use of these analysis and presentation principles as benchmarks by various resistance studies and networks is strongly encouraged, particularly by investigations across international boundaries.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Developments in the epidemiology of stomach cancer over the past decade.

The history of stomach cancer epidemiology is reviewed. The introduction of migrant population studies in the 1960 decade that described the critical role of exposures to this disease in early life was a key event. Companion pathology studies have indicated different epidemiological patterns for 2 histological entities, intestinal and diffuse type carcinomas, and confirmed an excess of intestinal metaplasia in populations at high risk to stomach cancer. Recent results suggest that epidemiology of stomach cancer can be transformed into the epidemiology of precursor lesions, and introduction of the fiberoptic gastroscope makes technically feasible detailed studies of the relationship of precursor lesions to suspect factors, including diet, in selected geographic areas. Nitroso compounds have been identified as candidate carcinogens and the epidemiological, pathological, and chemical data display signs of internal consistency. Feeding experiments with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine have led to animal models that permit a coordinated epidemiological-experimental approach to stomach cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

EXCEL gradebooks: an EXCELlent strategy for saving teacher time.

Time ultimately is the most precious commodity across professions. In the teaching profession, educators put in pre-class development time, class contact time, and post-class grading and grade calculation time (as well as other administrative time). End-of-term grade calculation can be a massive, time-wasting headache. If teachers develop electronic spreadsheets that track attendance and use formulas to do the final calculations automatically as data is entered into the spreadsheets, then teachers can nearly eliminate end-of-term number crunching and use that time for other endeavors.

Data Display↗
PubMed2001

Prostate epithelium-derived Ets transcription factor mRNA is overexpressed in human breast tumors and is a candidate breast tumor marker and a breast tumor antigen.

PURPOSE: There is a need to identify novel breast tumor-associated molecules with a potential as diagnostic/prognostic markers of breast cancer as well as targets of vaccine and drug discovery against this cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used a combination of digital differential display and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) methods to identify breast tumor-associated cDNAs. RESULTS: It was found that prostate epithelium-derived Ets transcription factor (PDEF) and five other cDNAs occur at high frequency in the cDNA libraries from normal human breast tissue and human breast tumors. In contrast, these cDNAs are either undetectable or present at low frequencies in the cDNA libraries from other normal human tissues. RT-PCR expression analysis of PDEF showed it to be overexpressed in 14 of 20 primary human breast tumors and in one metastases tested. Also, consistent with the digital differential display data, RT-PCR analysis of PDEF expression showed highly restricted expression in normal human tissues. Furthermore, we show that PDEF transcript levels are 192-fold higher in the peripheral blood of a breast cancer patient in comparison with two normal individuals and another breast cancer patient. In contrast to PDEF, RT-PCR analysis of the expression of the other three cDNAs, including MYL5, Hs.44017, and Hs.215937, showed that these cDNAs are expressed in several normal human tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PDEF is a breast tumor-associated cDNA and should be further evaluated for its potential as a breast tumor marker and a breast tumor antigen.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Balancing the perfect scorecard. Inquiry as intervention in physician practice management.

We describe how inquiry into several operational aspects of health care delivery in the Division of Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation improved clinical and administrative functions, demonstrating the principle that inquiry is intervention. The process of inquiry displays data on a "performance wheel" that summarizes several indicators, allowing easy comprehension of performance in various operational aspects and a visual appreciation of the interaction among these operational aspects.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed2002

A new method of tightening halo orthosis pins that reduces initial pin force variation.

The halo orthosis is a medical device used to immobilize the cervical spine when an injury to the region is sustained. This device consists of a halo vest, support rods, a ring, and four pins that contact the skull. The halo is applied to the patient by securing the halo ring to the skull with four pointed pins that are threaded into a halo ring. In an effort to produce a desired initial force in each pin, a specified torque (typically 0.9 N-m) is applied to the pin. One problem associated with the existing method is that it produces a wide range of initial pin forces despite a constant applied torque. The existing method is particularly sensitive to the presence of medical agents (e.g. antibacterial ointments or hydrogen peroxide) that may change frictional characteristics at the pin site or at the threaded hole in the halo ring. Variability in initial forces from an applied torque of 0.9 N-m (8 in-lbf) have been reported in the literature. These forces vary from 620 N (140 lbf) when hydrogen peroxide is applied to the threads and pin site up to 980 N (220 lbf) when antibacterial ointment is applied to the threads and pin site. We present a new method of tightening halo pins that reduces the variability of the initial pin force. Using the new method, a known force is applied to the pin to provide a preload. Once the appropriate preload is applied, the halo pin is secured in place relative to the halo ring and the applied force is removed leaving the pin in the final configuration. We compare the existing method and the new proposed method by examining a single pin site. The pin force data display less sensitivity to lubricants using the new direct loading technique.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Understanding variation in revenue and expenses.

Control charts offer a way for healthcare organizations to react appropriately to unexpected changes in performance indicators. Control charts demonstrate whether an immediate remedy or a redesign of a process is needed. An understanding of variation in processes can help in comprehending performance and avoiding identification of data trends that do not exist. Control charts can be used to more accurately estimate revenue and expenses over the long-term.

Accounts Payable and Receivable↗
PubMed1999

[Determination of epinephrine, chlorpromazine and promethazine by capillary electrophoresis with scanning voltammetric detector].

With a self-constructed electrochemical detection system, the determination of epinephrine, chlorpromazine and promethazine has been studied by using capillary electrophoresis with scanning voltammetric detector. Scanning potential generation and data acquisition were carried out with D/A and A/D converter board that mounted on a 486DX66 computer. A complex software, which was written by authors in BORLAND C++, was serve to data acquisition, abstraction of three-dimension data, display and print of the electrophorograms. Using a 25 microns x 70 cm fused-silica capillary, the optimum conditions for separation and detection of titled drugs are 10 mmol/L K2HPO4 + H3PO4 (pH 3.0) running electrolyte, 20 kV separation voltage, hydrodynamic injection 10 s at 20 cm height, scanning potential from +0.4 to +1.0 V vs. SCE. With the optimizing condition, the separation of titled drugs is satisfactory, and good reproducibility and low limit are obtained. In this study, all experiments are carried out under air-conditioning (18 degrees C) and constant humidity (relative humidity 50%). In comparison to amperometric detection, scanning voltammetric detection has the advantages of minimizing fouling of the working electrode surface, and direct identification of unknown chemicals by voltammetric curves.

Chlorpromazine↗
PubMed2003

[Continuous in situ monitoring of the dissolution rate of solid pharmaceutical preparations using a multiple channel fiber-optic chemical sensor].

AIM: To study the dissolution rate of solid pharmaceutical preparation on-line, a multiple channel fiber-optic chemical sensor based on fluorescence multiple quenching (FOCSMQ) without filtering and sampling was made. METHODS: Using the multiple channel FOCSMQ linked with computer, the dissolution rates of ofloxacin tablets, metronidazole tablets and nitrofurantoin tablets were monitored continuously on-line. The instrument can give the sample data, display the real time curve and calculate the T1/2 and td automatically. A computer was used to select the best function from five common fitting models to fit the dissolution curve. RESULTS: The average recoveries of the FOCSMQ method were 97.4%-104.4%, 97.4%-103.8% and 96.6%-102.1%. The RSDs (n = 6) of within-day and between-day were less than 5%. The parameters of the dissolution and all results of measurement using the instrument have no significant difference compared with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) (2000) method and the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) (23) method (P > 0.05). It does not need sampling and dilution, and never contaminate sample. It can shorten time of the experiment. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, rapid and reliable.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1962

Whole body scanning in medicine.

Fundamental physical aspects of scanning the human body to determine in vivo radioisotope distribution are discussed, with special reference to the importance of collimator design and data display system. The pertinent details of a sensitive whole body scanner which has proved useful in clinical practice are described. The main features contributing to its versatility are: (1) fully automatic operation, (2) use of a 5'' diameter detector crystal with a focusing collimator, (3) provision to scale the scintiscan presentation to a convenient size, and (4) photographic recording of the scan.

Humans↗