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PubMed1975

Clearance of some quaternary amines from the spinal subarachnoid space.

The spinal subarachnoid space was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the low lumbar level to the middle thoracic level or to the cisterna magna in anesthetized rabbits. 3-H-choline, 3-H-methyl-atropine or 3-H-decamethonium with carrier in different concentrations was added to the perfusate together with 14-C-inulin, the latter serving as a marker of the dilution of the perfusate by original CSF. Choline was eliminated from the perfusate partly by a saturable mechanism probably by an uptake into the spinal cord. About 15 per cent of the radioactivity of the choline infused was recovered from the spinal cord mainly as phosphorylcholine, betaine, and phospholipids. Amphetamine decreased the elimination of choline from ventriculocisternal perfusates and partly inhibited the uptake of choline in rabbit choroid plexus in vitro. In contrast, amphetamine did not influence the saturable elimination of choline in the lumbothoracic perfusion. Neither methylatropine nor decamethonium was eliminated from the perfusate by a saturable mechanism in the lumbothoracic perfusions. However, in perfusions including the cisterna magna methylatropine was partly eliminated by such a mechanism. The concentration of radioactivity in fourth ventricular choroid plexa suggested this structure to be responsible for the saturable part of the elimination. In conclusion, there is no active removal of quaternary amines in general from spinal CSF like the choroid plexus mediated clearance from ventricular CSF.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Contralateral influence on recruitment of curarized muscle fibres during maximal voluntary extension of the legs.

The force of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was compared during extension of one leg alone and during simultaneous extension of both legs. In 6 subjects MVC of two legs extension was 75 +/- 3.6 (S.E.)% of the sum of the single one leg MVC. This may indicate a reduced muscle fibre involvement during two leg extension as compared with one leg extension. We investigated the possibility that either red (type I) or white (type II) muscle fibre recruitment was restricted during two leg extension. The neuromuscular transmission in the two types of fibres was partially blocked with d-tubocurarine (dtc) or decamethonium (C10) for either type I or II, respectively. In 5 subjects receiving dtc the ratio between the reduced two leg and one leg extension forces (75 +/- 2.3%) did not change. During administration of C10, however, this ratio decreased by 16 +/- 3.1%. Partial blocking with dtc caused a two component curve during tension development with a first maximum at 0.22 s, and another maximum at 1.03 s of a 3 s attempt to reach MVC. During partial blocking with C10 results in muscle contractions where a relatively large amount of type I muscle fibres are contributing to the force developed. The experiment suggests that type I fibre recruitment is restricted during severe static exercise in normal muscles. Furthermore, it demonstrates that fibre recruitment can vary in the same muscle function performed with one leg or two legs.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The isolation of endogenous modulators of the affinity of acetylcholinesterase to cholinergic ligands.

By help of a batchwise affinity chromatography procedure the binding of cholinergic ligands to AChE obtained from caudate nucleus from calf brain was studied. The affinity of edrophonium to a crude as compared to a pure enzyme was about 50 times higher. After addition of material isolated from the crude preparation the enzyme was changed to the high affine form. The dissociation constant of the crude enzyme-edrophonium complex determined in the affinity chromatographic experiments was 1.5 X 10(-5) M and in enzymatic experiments 1.8 X 10(-7) M. It is proposed that there is present in mammalian neuronal tissue a factor that increases the affinity of certain cholinergic ligands to a site other than the catalytic site on AChE.

Acetylcholinesterase↗