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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of citrus molasses distillers solubles and molasses on rumen parameters and lactation.

Effects of dietary citrus molasses distillers solubles (0, 6, 12, and 18% of DM) on diet digestibility and ruminal parameters were studied with four fistulated Holstein cows fed each diet in Latin square sequence. Diets were 25% cottonseed hulls with solubles substituted for corn. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were increased curvilinearly with peak at 6%. Crude protein digestibility was depressed linearly and ADF curvilinearly with added solubles. Ruminal acetic acid proportion increased linearly and propionic acid decreased curvilinearly. Change in butyric acid was small with 0, 6, and 12% solubles but it increased dramatically with 18%. In a 36-cow (107 cow-period) lactation experiment with corn silage-based and cottonseed hull-based diets (0, 3, 6, and 9% solubles) milk yield increased; the diet containing 6% solubles gave highest production. We compared cane molasses (3 and 6%), liquid hemicellulose extract (3%, Masonex), and liquid lignin sulfonate (3%, Flambeau) added to cottonseed hull diets. Linear increases in milk yield and FCM were obtained with cane molasses; Flambeau and Masonex effects on production were not different from control. With diets and amounts used in these experiments, citrus molasses solubles and cane molasses each at up to 6% of DM nutritionally were superior to corn.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1997

[Experimental study on injury of the rat nasal mucosa by distilled water irrigation, and its regeneration].

Injuries caused by distilled water and the regeneration process in the nasal mucosa in the respiratory region of the rat were examined electron microscopically and immunohistochemically by light microscopy. The mucosal injury was observed as exfoliation and desquamation of ciliated cells and goblet cells almost everywhere. The basal cells and basal membrane were intact. The regeneration process was completed by the migration, proliferation and differentiation of basal cells. The numbers of nuclear mitotic figures started to increase in a group of rats observed 6 hours after treatment (6-hour group), peaked at 48 hours, and returned to the baseline state after day 4. The BrdU labeling index, on the other hand, started to increase after 6 hours, peaked at 36 hours, and returned to the baseline state after day 4. The goblet cells were predominant even in the 21-day group, compared to the control group. Nuclear mitotic figures and secretory granules were observed together in one cell in the 36-hour group.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of thermoultrasonication on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in distilled water and intact shell eggs.

The combined effects of simultaneous application of ultrasonic waves and heat treatment (thermoultrasonication) on the survival of a strain of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis was studied in both distilled water and intentionally contaminated intact eggs immersed in water. Although minor differences were observed between parameters obtained for thermoultrasonic treatment of bacteria suspended in water and those attached to the shell egg, the thermoultrasonication effects were considered to be of the same level in the range of temperatures assayed (52 to 58 degrees C). This combined process presented a clearly higher killing effect than the heat treatment alone. It decreased the decimal reduction times (D-values) by 80 to 55%, respectively, in the range of temperatures for heat treatment when the organism was suspended in water, which means a 99.5% reduction (5D to >2D) of the original bacterial load versus a 90% reduction for the heat treatment alone. The practical implications of the phenomenon are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Levodropropizine (LD) activity in allergic asthmatic patients, challenged with ultrasonically nebulized distilled water, metacholine and allergen-induced bronchospasm.

The antitussive compound Levodropropizine (LD) is active in animal bronchoconstriction induced by histamine and capsaicin and in man protects from bronchoconstriction induced by capsaicin. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of action of LD given at 60 mg t.i.d. as oral drops, for 8 days by means of specific bronchial challenges (allergens) and of aspecific challenges acting via different receptors and fibers (i.e. metacholine via cholinergic receptors and ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) via histamine and neuropeptide release). The study design is randomized, double-blind, cross-over versus placebo in 30 allergic asthmatic patients. Baseline bronchial tone and bronchoconstrictor response to metacholine (MCh) were not modified by active treatment nor by placebo. On the contrary, in airway responsiveness to UNDW, the active treatment showed an antagonist effect against induced bronchoconstriction of 59% [activity ratio (AR) as antilog = 0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.54; p < or = 0.05] in comparison to no effect for placebo. Similarly, in airway responsiveness to specific allergen, active treatment antagonized the bronchoconstrictor effect of grass pollen by 83% and of various allergens (dermatophagoides and grass pollen) by 72%, i.e. AR of 0.17 (95% confidence interval 0.045-0.65; p < 0.01) and of 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.07-1.04; p < 0.05), respectively. No antagonist effect was evident with placebo at all times. Besides inhibiting cough, LD is also partially effective in inhibiting bronchial hyperreactive response against specific allergen and UNDW bronchoconstriction. Hence, LD might act by partly inhibiting histamine and neuropeptide release.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of inorganic arsenic in marine food samples by hydrochloric acid distillation and flow-injection hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry.

A simple, rapid, and reliable method was developed for determination of inorganic As in biological samples such as fish fillet. Inorganic AS was distilled from the sample as AsCl3 with HCl. The separated inorganic AS was determined by flow-injection hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry after prereduction with KI and HCl. The influences of various concentrations of KI, ascorbic acid, and HCl in the prereduction stage; NaBH4 as the reductant; and HCl as the carrier solution on analytical results were studied. Digestion was performed in a Kjeldahl digestion system for 75 min with 4 mL nitric acid and 1 mL sulfuric acid at 380 degrees C. The concentrations of inorganic As in samples were less than 0.1 mg/kg dry weight for fish fillet and somewhat higher for crustaceans and bivalve molluscs. The total and inorganic As contents of various marine biological samples and certified reference materials were determined.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An unusual case of self-harm with petroleum distillate].

After surgical treatment of an inguinal hernia, a 26-year-old male was discharged from hospital with a well healing surgical wound. Four weeks later he was admitted again with a major localized painful swelling of the soft tissues, whereas the clinical examination revealed no further local or systemic signs of inflammation. The immediate operation disclosed no abscess formation, but a large colliquation necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue with an outstanding petroleum-like odour. On toxicological examination of the necrotic tissue, a respective petroleum distillate was found. The patient was confronted with the suspicion of having injected the petroleum preparation himself to prolong the wound healing and finally admitted the self-mutilating behaviour. The pathophysiology, clinical history and morphological findings are discussed in comparison with case reports of chemically induced self-mutilation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Determination of methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, and trichloroethylene as solvent residues in spice oleoresins, using vacuum distillation and electron capture gas chromatography.

A quantitative gas chromatographic (GC) method is described for the determination of residual methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, and trichloroethylene in spice oleoresins. The proposed method involves vacuum distillation in a closed system with toluene as a carrier solvent. Quantitation by electron capture GC on Porapak Q is facilitated by water extraction and by the addition of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene as an internal standard. Recoveries from oleoresins spiked at 30, 15, and 6 ppm ranged from 93 to 102%. To assess the possibility of interference from spice volatiles, the procedure was applied to 17 different spice oleoresins from 3 different manufacturers. No interferences were found, but methylene chloride levels up to 83 ppm and ethylene dichloride levels up to 23 ppm were detected. Trichloroethylene was not detected in any of the oleoresins.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2002

Optimization of C/N ratio preparation of protein-rich and multi-enzymes feed thallus through synergic fermentation of mixed distillers' grains.

A new procedure of determining optimal C/N (the rate of carbon source to nitrogen source) of mixed distillers' grains for combined bacteria synergic fermentation is established. At the same time an improved method evaluating bacteria growth, called method of dry cell weighing by filtering is developed. For each combination of C and N, their initial and residual contents before and after fermentation respectively are determined. Then followed the calculation of utilization of C and N sources by the compound bacteria. The optimal C/N is finally located from among the utilization of C and N of several combinations and the weight of produced mass of oven-dried thallus. The conditions of fermentation are: inoculum size 10%, temperature 30.0 degrees C, rotational speed 170 r/min, shake culture time 48 h. The best results obtained from orthogonal experiments are: maximum mass of oven dried thallus is 14.693 g in a liter liquid medium, maximum utilization rate of carbon source is 98.13% and maximum utilization rate of nitrogen is 78.14%. Optimal C/N is 5.1.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of limette and bergamot distilled essential oils by HPLC.

This work examines the distilled essential oils of limette and bergamot in order to assess the presence of low volatile substances such as coumarins (bergapten) which, being toxic, must be eliminated before using these oils in the food industry. The quantitative determination of coumarins was carried out by spectrofluorimetric detection. The substances present in the chromatograms, obtained by HPLC with UV detection at 254 nm, were then identified. Moreover, a new coumarin that is present in small quantities was identified using HPLC-MS.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

Airway eosinophil accumulation on sensory neuropeptide release in a guinea pig model of distilled-water-induced bronchoconstriction.

BACKGROUND: Increased numbers of eosinophils in the airways is characteristic of asthma. However, it remains unclear whether airway eosinophils enhance or reduce the release of neuropeptides in the airways in vivo. This study was conducted to elucidate the influence of airway eosinophil accumulation on the ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW)-induced bronchoconstriction in our newly developed animal model, which is mediated by sensory neuropeptides. METHODS: Guinea pigs were transnasally treated with 100 mg/kg of platelet activating factor (PAF), or vehicle, twice a week for 3 weeks. We then conducted three experiments. In the first, UNDW was inhaled 20 min after aerosolized antigen challenge, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in PAF-treated and passively sensitized animals. In the second, PAF-treated animals were exposed for 20 s to ascending doses of methacholine at intervals of 5 min In the third, passively sensitized animals were administered selective NK1 antagonist, SR 140333, selective NK2 antagonist, SR 48968, or vehicle, intravenously 5 min before UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction. RESULTS: The proportion of eosinophils in BAL fluid was significantly increased in guinea pigs treated with PAF, compared with the vehicle. The PAF treatment did not affect antigen-induced immediate asthmatic response, UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction, or bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine. SR 140333, but not SR 48968, inhibited the UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction. CONCLUSION: We conclude that eosinophils accumulated in the airways, caused by repeated intranasal administration of PAF, does not affect the release of substance P induced by UNDW inhalation, or the action of released substance P in vivo.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preservation of fungi and actinomycetes of medical importance in distilled water].

Several methods have been used for the preservation of fungi, all of them presenting advantages and disadvantages. The choice of the methods depends upon the laboratory availabilities, time of preservation, genetic stability of the cultures and other factors. In this work the results obtained through the utilization of Castellani's method (preservation in distilled water) for the maintenance of 174 strains belonging to the "Micoteca do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo" are presented. These strains were analyzed after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, with regard to the percentage of viability taking into consideration the rates of growth and contamination. The smallest percentage of viability occurred in the group of the actinomycetes (50 to 100%) and the largest one in the group of the yeasts (near 100%). According to other authors, the Castellani's method, besides being simple and economically feasible for small size laboratories, yields good results.

Actinomycetaceae↗
PubMed1992

Protective effect of levodropropizine against cough induced by inhalation of nebulized distilled water in patients with obstructive lung disease.

Levodropropizine is a recently developed, peripherally active antitussive agent which is widely used in clinical practice. In order to obtain further information on the spectrum of activity of this compound in experimental clinical models, a double-blind controlled study was carried out to evaluate the potential effect of the drug against cough and bronchoconstriction induced by inhalation of an ultrasonically nebulized solution of distilled water in patients with obstructive lung disease. Twenty patients were randomly divided into two groups, which received levodropropizine (60 mg t.i.d.) or placebo respectively for 7 consecutive days. Parameters evaluated at baseline and on the last day of treatment included (i) results of respiratory function tests (FEV1, IVC, FVC, TIFF, PEF, MEF75, MEF50, MEF25) performed before the stimulation test with nebulized water; (ii) total number of coughs during a 2-hour period after the stimulation test; (iii) bronchial responsiveness, quantified by calculating the volume of nebulized water required to induce a 20% reduction of FEV1 below the basal level. At pretreatment, the tussive response was very similar in the two groups. A significant decrease in number of coughs (from 34.4 +/- 8.4 at baseline to 15.6 +/- 4.9 post-treatment, p less than 0.01) was observed after administration of levodropropizine, whereas placebo treatment produced no significant effect (number of coughs: 29.6 +/- 4.9 at baseline vs 24.8 +/- 9.6 post-treatment, N.S.). Bronchial responsiveness decreased significantly (compared to baseline) in both treatment groups, without any significant difference between drug and placebo. Respiratory function tests were not significantly affected by either treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

In situ matrix evaporation by isothermal distillation of high-purity reagents for the determination of trace impurities by ion chromatography.

In situ matrix evaporation of high-purity acids based on isothermal distillation was achieved in a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) container on a water bath, to avoid contamination from the laboratory environment. The solubility of water and acid vapours in glycerol due to co-association was utilized to achieve complete evaporation. All major sources which contribute to the process blank were taken care of in a simple and effective way. A 50-fold preconcentration with >99.9% matrix removal was achieved for the analysis of low-boiling acids, HCl, HF, HNO3 and H2O2. The non-volatile ions NH4+, Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO4(2-) and PO4(3-) were determined by ion chromatograph with conductivity detection. The detection limits were 6-130 ng/l with recoveries of 85-110% for all ions studied.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed1992

Elevated blood lead levels associated with illicitly distilled alcohol--Alabama, 1990-1991.

The use of automobile radiators containing lead-soldered parts in the illicit distillation of alcohol (i.e., "moonshine") is an important source of lead poisoning among persons in some rural Alabama counties. From March 5 through October 26, 1991, eight persons were diagnosed with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) at a local hospital and were reported to the notifiable disease surveillance system maintained by the Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH). None of these patients had known histories of occupational or other potential sources of lead exposure, but all reported recent histories of moonshine ingestion. This report summarizes the results of an investigation of these cases conducted by the ADPH during December 1991.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Study on chemical constituents of the essential oil from Myristica fragrans Houtt. by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation].

Essential oils were extracted from Myristica fragrans Houtt. by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and steam distillation (SD). Their components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared. 48 compounds were identified for the essential oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide, and its main components have been found to be myristic acid, myristicin, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-pinene and safrole. 38 compounds were identified for the essential oil obtained by SD, and its main components have been found to be beta-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-pinene, gamma-terpinene and beta-phellandrene.

Allylbenzene Derivatives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of solid-phase microextraction, supercritical fluid extraction, steam distillation, and solvent extraction techniques for analysis of volatile consituents in Fructus Amomi.

Four sampling techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), steam distillation (SD), and solvent extraction (SE), were compared for the analysis of volatile constituents from a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of the dried ripe fruit of Fructus Amomi (Sha Ren). A total of 38 compounds were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Different SFE and SPME parameters (modifier content, extraction pressure, and temperature for SFE and fibers, extraction temperature, and time for SPME) were studied. The results by SFE and SPME were compared with those obtained by conventional SD and SE methods. The results showed that SFE and SPME are better sample preparation techniques than SD and SE. Due to SFE's requirement for expensive specialized instrumentation, the simplicity, low cost, and speed of SPME make it a more appropriate technique for extraction of volatile constituents in TCMs.

Amomum↗
PubMed2005

[Measurement and amendment of complex-permittivities of distilled water and NaCl solution].

In this experiment, the complex-permittivities at 2 450 MHz of distilled water and various NaCl solutions were measured separately, and acquired data were analyzed and amended. The system develooped on the basis of this experiment is of great significance to studying the measurement of complex-permittivities of high-loss biologic tissues by perturbational method.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗