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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

US Injury trends projected to 2012: the influence of an aging population.

An aging population's effect on MAIS 3+ injury trends for passenger-car drivers in frontal crashes is projected and compared to the effects of projected changes in fleet composition, changes in belt usage, and changes in airbag availability. It is determined that increased frailty due to an aging population will result in 19816 to 43568 additional injuries from 1996 to 2012. Aging is shown to have an effect similar to the increased presence of light trucks in the fleet (a cumulative increase of approximately 47428 injuries). Aging and changing fleet composition are shown to have a smaller effect than the projected increases in seatbelt use or airbag availability. After 2012, however, airbag availability and seatbelt use will plateau, while societal aging will continue.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2002

External forces impacting U.S. health care: implications for future of dental practice.

Prognostication requires extrapolation of existing conditions and trends into the future. Alternative perspectives and starting points will suggest alternative futures. Since dentistry does not exist independently of the larger health care environment, it is useful to start by considering external forces that impact the overall health care system in order to anticipate both short-term and long-term changes in the dental profession. This contribution to the Future of the Dental Profession symposium considers dentistry's role within the larger health care environment, examines a variety of forces influencing health care--specifically demography, equity, population health, and social determinants of health, identifies likely demands on the profession, and iterates nine likely changes in the profession.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2003

[The so-called preventive house call. Forestalling nursing home admission].

In view of the increasing numbers of elderly citizens in the general population, there is a need to ensure that they receive medical care within a setting of independence preservation and, wherever possible, within the domestic environment. Preventive house calls can contribute greatly to efforts made to achieve this aim. The implementation of this effective instrument should be in the hands of a team of specially trained family doctors, nurses and geriatric care-providers. During a house call, a multidimensional geriatric assessment covering such aspects as mobility, nutritional status, somatosensory status, and domestic and social environment, should be made. Of essential importance is the long-term care of the geriatric patient, which can be realized by the family doctor via repeated house calls. Current cost/benefit analyses clearly favor anchoring the preventive house calls in the public health service.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

[Malaria modelling].

The purpose of this article is to describe various models used for the study of malaria. The type of models depends on the focus of study. Until now the most models have been designed to study malaria transmission. In addition to giving a basic description of a few classic models, we show how simulation can be useful despite the inherent simplicity of models. In our opinion it is urgent to develop models for use in public health based on recent advances in computer, automation, and mathematical techniques.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving cancer care in India: prospects and challenges.

The World Cancer Report, a 351 - page global report issued by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) tells us that cancer rates are set to increase at an alarming rate globally (Stewart and Kleiues 2003). Cancer rates could increase by 50 % to 15 million new cases in the year 2020. This will be mainly due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and also to current trends in smoking prevalence and the growing adoption of unhealthy lifestyles. The report also reveals that cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries, matching its effect in industrialized nations. Healthy lifestyles and public health action by governments and health practitioners could stem this trend, and prevent as many as one third of cancers worldwide. In a developing country such as India there has been a steady increase in the Crude Incidence Rate (CIR) of all cancers affecting both men and women over the last 15 years. The increase reported by the cancer registries is nearly 12 per cent from 1985 to 2001, representing a 57 per cent rise in India's cancer burden. The total number of new cases, which stood at 5.3 lakhs Care lakh is 100,000 in 1985 has risen to over 8.3 lakhs today. The pattern of cancers has changed over the years, with a disturbing increase in cases that are linked to the use of tobacco. In 2003, there were 3.85 lakhs of cases coming under this category in comparison with 1.94 lakhs cases two decades ago. Lung cancer is now the second most common cancer among men. Earlier, it was in fifth place. Among women in urban areas, cancer of the uterine cervix had the highest incidence 15 years ago, but it has now been overtaken by breast cancer. In rural areas, cervical cancer remains the most common form of the disease (The Hindu 2004).

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2005

[Knowledge of tuberculosis amongst service industry workers of the floating population in Changning district, Shanghai].

OBJECTIVE: To study tuberculosis related knowledge among the floating population who work in service enterprises in Changning District, Shanghai. METHODS: A self-completed questionnaire interview was conducted in Nov. 2003 among 274 floating persons who were recruited through cluster sampling in Changning District (male 113, female 161). RESULTS: It was found that the floating population had some knowledge of tuberculosis, however, the weighted marks were not high. 34.7% of the study subjects responded correctly to more than 60% of the knowledge questions, and therefore were considered to have an adequate knowledge of tuberculosis. Through logistic regression, education level and marriage status were found to be correlated with the mean weighted marks of knowledge of tuberculosis (chi(2) = 19.650, P < 0.01; chi(2) = 4.059, P < 0.05). It was also found that education level was associated with the ways of obtaining knowledge (chi(2) = 6.87, < 0.01). As to the expected ways of receiving health education, it was correlated with education level and the work place (chi(2) = 6.74, P < 0.05; chi(2) = 17.81, < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Findings from this study reflect that it is important to provide health education on tuberculosis to the floating population in order to prevent tuberculosis infection and transmission and to improve the case detection of tuberculosis among the floating population in cities.

China↗
PubMed2005

Mosquito development and biological control in a macrophyte-based wastewater treatment plant.

A one-year study of the proliferation of mosquito in a Pistia stratiotes-based waste stabilization ponds in Cameroon revealed that Mansonia and Culex were the main breeding genera with about 55% and 42% of the total imagoes respectively. Though the ponds represent a favorable breeding ground for mosquitoes, only 0.02% of captured imagoes was Anopheles gambiae, suggesting that this wastewater treatment plant does not significantly contribute to the development of the malaria vector in the area. Gambusia sp. introduced to control mosquito population in the ponds acclimatized relatively well in most of the ponds (B3-B7) and their feeding rate without any diet ranged from 15.0 to 50.2 larvae/day for a single fish.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The stalking of public figures: management and intervention.

Public figures are at relatively high risk of unusual contact initiated by fixated individuals. Prior research on managing the threat presented by public figure stalkers concludes that although direct threats rarely precede attacks, there is usually evidence of pre-planning. Furthermore, some public figure attackers do attempt to communicate with their future intended victim prior to attack. Thus, early warning signs from unusual contact behavior can be a powerful tool in threat assessment and risk management. The current paper offers a systematic concept for managing public figure stalking and constitutes five stages: (i) screening, (ii) first analysis, (iii) passive research, (iv) active research and finally (v) considered management strategy. It is concluded that assessment and management of risk are dynamic procedures, requiring ongoing monitoring and flexibility. Furthermore, although different stalkers will engage in ostensibly similar behavior, their motives and underlying psychopathologies may vary considerably. As such, all interventions require individual construction.

Delusions↗
PubMed2006

A brief history of decision making.

Sometime around the middle of the past century, telephone executive Chester Barnard imported the term decision making from public administration into the business world. There it began to replace narrower terms, like "resource allocation" and "policy making," shifting the way managers thought about their role from continuous, Hamlet-like deliberation toward a crisp series of conclusions reached and actions taken. Yet, decision making is, of course, a broad and ancient human pursuit, flowing back to a time when people sought guidance from the stars. From those earliest days, we have strived to invent better tools for the purpose, from the Hindu-Arabic systems for numbering and algebra, to Aristotle's systematic empiricism, to friar Occam's advances in logic, to Francis Bacon's inductive reasoning, to Descartes's application of the scientific method. A growing sophistication with managing risk, along with a nuanced understanding of human behavior and advances in technology that support and mimic cognitive processes, has improved decision making in many situations. Even so, the history of decision-making strategies--captured in this time line and examined in the four accompanying essays on risk, group dynamics, technology, and instinct--has not marched steadily toward perfect rationalism. Twentieth-century theorists showed that the costs of acquiring information lead executives to make do with only good-enough decisions. Worse, people decide against their own economic interests even when they know better. And in the absence of emotion, it's impossible to make any decisions at all. Erroneous framing, bounded awareness, excessive optimism: The debunking of Descartes's rational man threatens to swamp our confidence in our choices. Is it really surprising, then, that even as technology dramatically increases our access to information, Malcolm Gladwell extols the virtues of gut decisions made, literally, in the blink of an eye?

Decision Making↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of the seasonality of birth effect in schizophrenic patients in Poland with the application of the seasonal decomposition method].

INTRODUCTION: Seasonality of the birth of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia is one of the most repetitive phenomena in epidemiological studies on this illness. The paper presents a review of the literature, with an emphasis on the research findings and development of methods used to investigate the phenomenon. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the phenomenon of birth seasonality in schizophrenic patients in the Polish population, using new methods of the seasonal decomposition analysis. METHODS: The study utilized birth dates of 13,668 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the ICD-10 criteria, and discharged from all psychiatric hospitals in Poland in the years 1997-2000. The data on live births in the general population as published by the Main Statistical Office served as the reference group. 7,432,803 people were born in Poland in the years 1964-1976. Efforts were made to minimize the age-related incidence effect. In order to eliminate seasonal variations resulting from deviations in the number of births in the general population, an indicator of the number of births of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia per 10 thousand live births in the general population was created. A time series of 156 monthly observations covering the period of 13 years was produced. The data were analyzed using the Census II X- 11 method, one of the most recent methods to analyze time series and seasonal decomposition. RESULTS: The results confirm a 5-8% birth excess for schizophrenia in December and January.

Adolescent↗