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Results for “Health Promotion”

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PubMed2004

Disease prevention and health promotion in medical education: reflections from an academic health center.

PURPOSE: It is unclear whether academic health centers are successfully addressing societal needs and expectations by preparing students with knowledge and skills in disease prevention and health promotion. The authors assessed whether students were exposed to key content in these areas and whether they felt this exposure was adequate. METHOD: All components of the first three years of the Case Western Reserve University (Case) curriculum were examined in 2001 to create a curricular map, using competencies in disease prevention and health promotion identified by the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine (ATPM) as a template to assess the scope of instruction. Case students' United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 2 subscores in preventive medicine and health maintenance from 1994 to 2000 and graduating seniors' assessment of the adequacy of their training were compared to national data from the Association of American Medical Colleges' 2000 Graduation Questionnaire (GQ). RESULTS: Most content areas identified by ATPM were present in the Case curriculum and were offered frequently in a variety of educational venues over the first three years. USMLE scores increased nationally and at Case from 1994 to 2000 and Case students' perception of training adequacy in preventive medicine and health promotion was comparable to national ratings from the 2000 GQ. CONCLUSIONS: Broad and frequent exposure to disease prevention and health promotion core competencies has value, but may not sufficiently prepare students to deliver health-promoting services confidently. Creative curricula highlighting prevention's relevance throughout clinical practice and incorporating formal opportunities to apply knowledge and build experience may result in greater success.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed2001

Advancing health promotion in Australian general practice.

Health promotion activities, while having the potential to prevent disease and decrease the burden of ill health, often play a minor role in the health care offered by general practitioners. There are several identified barriers to the involvement of Australian general practitioners in health promotion. These include structural barriers and barriers within the practice setting, individual practitioner and patient factors, and difficulties in evaluating the outcomes of health promotion activities. This article explores the barriers to the engagement of Australian general practice with health promotion and reviews several recent initiatives that have the potential to increase the health promotion activities of general practitioners. These initiatives act at the level of the individual practitioner, the practice, and in the community. Despite the lack of a coordinated national approach, these strategies form an important development in general practice.

Accreditation↗

PubMed2005

[Development of a Dan Jeon Breathing Model for health promotion in middle-aged women].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a Dan Jeon Breathing Model and to identify effects of the developed Dan Jeon Breathing Model for maintenance and promotion of health and improvement of health problems in middle-aged women. METHOD: This study was constructed with two procedures. The first procedure was to develop appropriate movements for middle-aged women, performing a focus group discussion and developing a Dan Jeon Breathing Model in qualitative research. The collected data from focus group discussions was categorized for fitting movements. The second procedure was to verify and conclude a Hypothetic Dan Jeon Breathing Model through a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. RESULT: The developed Dan Jeon Breathing Model was composed of 28 preparation movements to accept Ki comfortably, 10 breathing movements to accumulate Ki for activation of metabolic function in organs and 14 finishing movements to transmit activated Ki to organs. It took 40 minutes to do them. In the Second procedure, the score of physical health (t=4.205, p=.000), psycho-social health (t=3.292, p=.002) and physical strength of the experimental group (t=5.905, p=.000) was higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: The Dan Jeon Breathing Model developed in this study is the correct health promotion model for middle-aged women, their demand, developmental traits and health problems.

Breathing Exercises↗

PubMed1985

Economic and professional aspects of disease prevention and health promotion.

The prevention of disease and the promotion of health, along with cost containment, have become major priorities in the planning for and the delivery of health care services. As the second most prevalent chronic health problem in the United States, vision disorders create a serious health and economic threat to society and, therefore, they should be considered as a prime target for inclusion in programs of disease prevention and health promotion. In recognition of the role and scope of the third largest independent health care profession and in consideration of its cost efficient delivery of eye and vision care services, optometry must become a more active participant in the development and implementation of strategies and programs for improving, maintaining and protecting the visual health of society.

Health Promotion↗

PubMed1985

Work-site health promotion. Five-year trend in employee health care costs.

Participants in work-site health promotion programs are compared with other employees at the same work-site in terms of health care utilization as measured by insurance claims. Participants tended to incur higher health care costs than nonparticipants for the six-month period after the program began. However, a cohort analysis of one of the groups shows that participants' costs declined in relation to nonparticipants' for subsequent periods. Overall, for 4.75 years after the program, participants averaged 24% lower health care costs than nonparticipants. The imputed savings in health care costs exceeds program costs for this cohort by a factor of 1.45. The findings substantially strengthen the conclusions of other controlled studies that work-site health promotion reduces health care costs.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans↗

PubMed1992

Worksite health promotion: rationale for military implementation.

Health promotion programs are being offered in many segments of U.S. society. Corporations find offering health promotion programs at the worksite effective and cost-efficient. The U.S. military, following a 1986 Department of Defense directive, has also developed health promotion programs. At present, not all components of military health promotion programs are being offered at the worksite. Improved employee health and lower health care costs are objectives sought by both the military and major corporations. Therefore, full worksite implementation of all health promotion program components will assist the military services in reaching their health goals.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The community health advisor program and the deep South network for cancer control: health promotion programs for volunteer community health advisors.

The Community Health Advisor program is a proven, community-driven health promotion program that identifies and trains natural helpers who then seek to improve the health of individuals and their communities. This article details the basis of the Community Health Advisor model and describes early pilot programs in the Mississippi Delta. Also described is the formation of the Community Health Advisor Network, which provides technical assistance to Community Health Advisor programs and the proliferation of Community Health Advisor programs nationally. Specifically, details are presented of the modification of the model for the Deep South Network for Cancer Control and of early findings showing a decrease in health disparities in Alabama.

Black or African American↗

PubMed2002

Health promotive action and preventive action model (HPA model) for the classification of health care services in public health nursing.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for an expanded approach to develop knowledge of public health nursing as a sphere of public health. The aim of this paper was to construct a theoretical model for healthcare services in the area of public health nursing based on the analysis and classification of healthcare services used in public health nursing practice. METHODS: Patient records were examined using a qualitative research approach. The categorization and classification of the actions followed certain criteria. Three methods were used for verifying and modifying the concept. RESULTS: Of the identified categories 34 dealt with healthcare services, three with administrative services, and five with coordination. The six recognized domains of the healthcare services are health promotive services, health protective services, diagnostic services, therapeutic services, rehabilitation services, and terminal healthcare services. Using the public health approach, the Health promotive action and preventive action model (HPA model) was constructed in order to visualize where in the course of the process of health-ill health and developmental stages the public health nurses provide healthcare services. Health promotion and the levels of prevention are described on the operational and conceptual levels in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: The result is expected to have an important effect on how public health nurses conceptualize their field of knowledge. The classification reflects current public health policy by focusing on health promotion and illness prevention. The developed HPA model will support health service research.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1999

[Quality of life and well-being in a housing project in Berlin--experiences gained in cooperation between a community health promotion office and a university-based public health project].

The realization of a community-based health promotion within the framework of a cooperation between a public health office and a university-based PH project is described and discussed. First of all, the project, the cooperating partners and the common aims are described. We will then deal with telephone survey as the method used, and present the results. In a third step the methods and results of the "future workshops" are discussed. Finally there is a critical reflection on the course of the project, the limiting factors of the actions and consideration of further developments. The project dealt with was a cooperation of a community public health agency (Plan- und Leitstelle) in the district of Berlin-Wilmersdorf and the research project A8 "Cooperative project development for communal health promotion" of the Berlin Centre for Public Health at the Technical University Berlin. Starting point was the agreement for those politically responsible of the district that the living quarter "Schlangenbader Strasse" was a focus of social problems. The quarter had been built in 1980 above a highway with 1800 apartments for 4000 people. Health promotion was defined as a concern of a wide range of sectors within the community. Mutual rights and responsibilities of the cooperating partners were laid down in a contract. The Plan- und Leitstelle tried to gain experience with the definition of health promotion the university partners stood for. This introduces a notion of health beyond bio-medical understanding and deals with the connection of quality of life, well-being and the environment in the residential area. Thus health- or sickness-related variables were not specifically asked for. One result is that actors within the given framework are reluctant to permit operationalisation of this concept. The telephone survey reached 324 household within 10 working days. 68p.c. of the interviewed were pleased with the comfort of the apartments, 37p.c. enjoyed the peace and quiet and 35p.c. the green around the housing project. Unpleasant were for 51p.c. the dirt, 33p.c. complained about vandalism, 30p.c. about the high rent, especially the extras. Safety improvements were asked for by 17p.c. Some 12p.c. were willing to become involved in bringing about those improvements. This willingness was confirmed by the good response to two future workshops with those living in the quarter.

Advertising↗

PubMed1995

Market testing specialist health promotion services--a test case for an imaginative public health presence in purchasing.

This paper focuses on the current pressure being imposed upon health promotion services in the 'North West' Region in the form of 'market testing'. It suggests that this is not only of concern to those services themselves, but may also act as a 'test case' for the examination of the range of competing perspectives that inform a purchasing function. The tensions between the views that respectively support or question the application of market values is thus examined in relation to the role of public health specialists within purchasing organizations. The paper concludes that although there is some potential to 'sharpen up' services, caution is required in avoiding unrestricted market values leading to superficial and fragmented health promotion provision. It is admitted that there are consequences relating to health promotion specialists. However, because of the close affinity between promotion and public health, failure to protect health promotion from the harshness of the market and ensure a broad-based approach will not only be a set-back for health promotion but will also harm the status of 'public health perspectives' in the broader purchasing context.

Contract Services↗

PubMed1993

[Evaluation of the program for preventive measures and health promotion for adults in a health service area].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Preventive Measures and Health Promotion Programme (PMHPP), in order to find its spread of influence and to identify consequent problems, with the aim of putting in place measures to improve effectiveness. DESIGN: Observational, crossover and retrospective study, using random distribution. SETTING: Primary Care teams (PCT) of Health Area 11, Madrid. PARTICIPANTS: Ten clinical records from each general practitioner/nurse case-load of the 24 PCT in the Area: 1470 clinical records in all. INTERVENTIONS: Clinical auditing carried out in October 1992. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Prevalences obtained were: 19.3 +/- 1.03 for AHT, 34.4 +/- 1.24 for tobacco dependency, 17 +/- 0.84 for Hypercholesterolaemia and 20.7 +/- 1.02 for obesity-overweight. All the percentages were higher for patients who attended for the last time in 1992 (p < 0.001), except those concerning breast and cervical cancer screening. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The prevalences obtained from the FR.CV. are close to those theoretically expected. 2. Measures aimed at A.T., tobacco and alcohol were correctly carried out for more than 75% of the patients and were applied to over 50% of the relevant population. 3. Anti-tetanus and anti-rubella vaccinations and breast cancer screening were correctly performed only in just over 25% of cases. 4. Correct compliance with the majority of the measures was higher among users who attended for the last time after the Programme's introduction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Model development for health promotion and control of agricultural occupational health hazards and accidents in Pathumthani, Thailand.

In Thailand, agriculture is one of the major occupations; however, there is no comprehensive agricultural occupational health promotion and disease prevention model available. Objectives of this study were to empower farmers to study occupational health and safety situation in rice farming and to develop model to promote their health and prevent occupational health hazards among them. This participatory action research was performed in Tambol Klong 7, Klongluang district, Pathumthani, Thailand. The 24 rice farmers from 9 villages were voluntarily recruited as members of research team called farmer-leader research group. This group had a monthly meeting to discuss issues of agricultural occupational health and safety during 3 yr study period. At first stage, farmer-leader research group analyzed occupational health and safety during rice farming process. After we had results from situation analysis, farmer-leader research group decided which problems would be solved first. We developed model to solve those problems during the second stage. Finally, model was implemented to farmers in the study area. During first stage, results of questionnaires showed that there were 3 major occupational health and safety problems among these farmers; symptoms from pesticide exposure (65% of respondents), musculoskeletal problems during various process (16.6%-75.9%), and injuries during various process (1.1%-83.2%). From these results, farmer-leader research group decided to deal with pesticide problem. There was an experiment comparing using biofertilizers and bio pest-control with using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the rice paddy. Results showed that the biological field produced the same amount of rice as the chemical field but cost less money than the chemical one. Benefits from using biofertilizers and bio pest-control were having higher profit, less exposure to chemicals, and good mental health from higher profit. After this experiment, biofertilizers and bio pest-control were disseminated to rice-farmers and students and teachers in local schools. At the end of study, we found that there were networks of farmers and networks of students-teachers using biological methods. This study showed that participation with farmers could create a real sustainable model to promote farmers' health and prevent them from occupational health hazards.

Accident Prevention↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The future role of nursing in health promotion.

Never before has health promotion been more important than it is today. Nurses in education, practice, and research settings can participate in the advancement of health promotion not only to the mainstream but to the forefront of nursing practice. Historically, nurse educators have taught patients how to manage illness; in the future, the focus must be on teaching people how to remain healthy. Nurses must have an evidence-based understanding of the significant effect that can be made through health promotion interventions and communicate this understanding to the public at large. As more people grow in their awareness of activities that lead to good health and become knowledgeable about their own health status and the health of their families, the overall health of the population will improve.

Education, Nursing↗

PubMed2003

Associations between health promoting schools' policies and indicators of oral health in Brazil.

No detailed analyses have been undertaken on the effects of Health Promoting Schools on oral health status. The objective of this study was to assess whether the oral health of 12-year-old children in supportive schools, where health promoting policies had been developed, was better than that of children in non-supportive schools. A sample of 1823 12-year-old children in 33 public (government-funded) schools were selected in deprived areas of Curitiba, Brazil. Principal component analysis, multiple regression, meta-analysis and meta-regression were used in the data analysis. Schools with a comprehensive curriculum were more likely to have a higher percentage of caries-free children (beta = 6.27, p = 0.02) and fewer children with dental trauma (beta = -5.04, p = 0.02). The commitment towards health and safety at school was strongly associated with dental trauma, as 9.7% fewer children had dental trauma (p = 0.00) in schools that demonstrated a commitment towards health and safety. At the school level, mother's education and family income were independently associated with children's caries experience and dental trauma, respectively. Children in supportive schools had better oral health than those in non-supportive schools. Our results suggest that some benefit can be obtained for the improvement of the oral health of children living in deprived areas if they attend supportive schools.

Brazil↗

PubMed1984

The value of medical care for health promotion.

A "rediscovery" of the value of prevention in the 1970s has led to the denigration of medical care, which had been occurring also for other reasons--aversion to high technology, demonstrable abuses, spiraling medical costs, etc. The achievements of prevention in conquering infectious diseases had long been recognized, and preventive strategies in the 1970s and 1980s were beginning to show reductions in mortality from the non-communicable chronic diseases as well. Yet the benefits of medical care in extending life expectancy over recent decades have often been overlooked. The quality of life in the later years has also been substantially improved by effective medical care. Most important, access to medical care has definite value in facilitating the prevention of disease and the promotion of health, both in developing and developed countries. It is too often forgotten that prevention embodies a range of activities, merging from general health promotion through specific disease prevention and early case-detection to rehabilitation and prevention of disability. Medical care, in other words, should not be counterposed to prevention, but rather should be integrated with it for the benefit of both health strategies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Position of the American Dietetic Association: the role of nutrition in health promotion and disease prevention programs.

A healthful diet and wise food choices are critical components of promoting health and reducing the risk of chronic disease. A substantial amount of health care resources could be saved by expanding health promotion and disease prevention programs that target dietary change among Americans. To effectively reduce health care costs, the emphasis and delivery of health care must promote health as well as deliver treatment and rehabilitative services to the sick. Prevention measures, such as nutrition interventions that also encourage physical activity, can help prevent or halt progression of full-blown chronic disease and thus decrease chronic disease disability. Health promotion and disease prevention need to be integral parts of all health care, community, public health, and worksite programs across the life cycle. Correspondingly, such programs must be culturally competent and address the specific needs of vulnerable or underserved populations. Dietetics professionals in all areas of practice should play an integral role in health promotion and disease prevention programs. Achieving this goal will require expansion of training programs and active learning by dietetics professionals that includes theory and practice in using team approaches, developing coalitions, and managing complex systems. Dietetics professionals also need to amplify their understanding of politics, administration, health care financing, and reimbursement. Attention must also be expanded to include social and behavioral sciences and to address program evaluation, outcomes, and cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness in nutrition-focused health promotion and disease prevention programs. Continued training in program development, research, and evaluation will help build the body of evidence that supports ongoing inclusion of prevention in a rapidly changing health care environment.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed2001

Health promotion in the Finnish shipping industry.

In autumn 1997 a pilot project was started in Finland to develop methods for promoting the health of sailors. Four Finnish shipping companies, (4 cargo ships and 2 passenger-cruise ferries), with altogether 730 sailors participated in the project. Special attention was paid to individuals with health problems and those who generally did not take care of their own health or fitness. Three-quarters of the respondents saw their health as good and one fifth as fair. Thirty-four persons responded that their working capacity was poor. 154 sailors were selected into further physical fitness evaluations. The main task of the project team was to activate sailors to take care of their own health and well-being. The health-promoting activities were directed especially at those persons who needed it. Information lectures concerning healthier eating habits and meals were given. Anti-smoking and anti-alcohol drinking information was given. On board one cruise ferry a project was started on how to react as early as possible to alcohol abuse among seafarers. Courses on shore for sailors were arranged to improve their physical fitness and to increase their resting benefit between working periods at sea. The intervention time was one year. Information about smoking and alcohol led to reduced alcohol consumption. The sailors had started to exercise more often both on board ship and on shore. Those who had increased their physical exercise during free time more often found their own health and working ability to have improved than those who had not changed their exercise habits. It appeared that health intervention projects are really needed especially by older sailors. The results also showed that positive effects could be achieved in the fitness of sailors. Better fitness was good for their health and also increased the work safety.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed2004

Understanding wicked problems: a key to advancing environmental health promotion.

Complex environmental health problems--like air and water pollution, hazardous waste sites, and lead poisoning--are in reality a constellation of linked problems embedded in the fabric of the communities in which they occur. These kinds of complex problems have been characterized by some as "wicked problems" wherein stakeholders may have conflicting interpretations of the problem and the science behind it, as well as different values, goals, and life experiences. Accordingly, policy makers, public health professionals, and other stakeholders who grapple with these problems cannot expect to effectively resolve them by relying solely on expert-driven approaches to problem solving. Rather, they need to acknowledge that wicked environmental health problems are most likely to yield to (1) the application of effective community health promotion skills, (2) a sustained commitment to sound toxicological and epidemiological science, (3) the application of systems thinking, and (4) transparent communication among all stakeholders.

Community Health Planning↗