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Results for “Injections, Intravenous”

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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Tissue distribution of liposomes exhibiting long half-lives in the circulation after intravenous injection.

The previously established direct relationship between long half-life of uncharged small unilamellar liposomes in the circulation of injected animals and reduced permeability to entrapped solutes in the presence of blood plasma was investigated further. It was found that vesicle size and surface charge override state of membrane permeability in determining rates of vesicle clearance. Thus, half-lives of liposomes that were practically impermeable in plasma were much shorter for larger vesicles or vesicles with a negative charge on their surface. 111In-labelled bleomycin-containing small unilamellar liposomes with long half-lives accumulated in the liver after injection to a much lesser extent (e.g., 26%) than similar liposomes (55% of the dose) exhibiting a shorter half-life. Much of the injected long-lived liposomes (about 35%) were recovered in the carcass of the animals. Scanning of the carcasses revealed quantitative accumulation of radioactivity in the bones, presumably the phagocytic cells of the bone marrow. Long-lived liposomes appear suitable for drug delivery to, or imaging of the bone marrow.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Central thermosensitivity during fever produced by intra-PO/AH and intravenous injections of pyrogen.

Squirrel monkeys with thermodes implanted in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) region and the medulla oblongata were used to examine three questions about central thermoresponsiveness in fever: Does thermoresponsiveness of the PO/AH region and medulla change during fevers caused by injection of bacterial endotoxin IV or directly into the PO/AH region? Does thermosensitivity of these brain regions determine the upper fever limit? Is thermoresponsiveness of the PO/AH region affected by local injections of salicylate? Changes in rectal temperature and oxygen consumption in response to heating and cooling the PO/AH region were reduced during fever caused by intra-PO/AH injections of bacterial endotoxin compared with changes produced during afebrile periods. PO/AH thermosensitivity was also reduced during fever caused by IV administration of bacterial pyrogen. Prolonged cooling of the PO/AH region or the medulla oblongata during fever produced by peripheral and central pyrogen injections did not cause rectal temperature (Tre) to rise above 41.1 degrees C although local heating reduced Tre or limited the fever maximum. From the latter result it is concluded that both pools of central thermoreceptors can limit maximal fever by reacting to local high temperature but that lowered temperature in neither region can raise Tre above a level determined by antagonistic input from thermoreceptors in other parts of the body. Injections of sodium salicylate into the PO/AH region had no effect on thermoresponsiveness of the region. This finding reinforces the idea that salicylates do not produce antipyresis by acting directly on thermosensitive cells of the central temperature control system.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Nefopam by continuous intravenous injection and adverse drug reactions: which causality assessment?].

We report the case of a 77-year-old man, with nefopam postoperative analgesia, who developed subacute neurological symptoms, whereas he had profound hypoprotidemia and acute renal failure. Chronological, semiological and bibliographical criteria are in favour of causality assessment. The plasma nefopam concentration (135 ng/ml) during the neurological symptoms is another argument.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2004

Inorganic delivery vector for intravenous injection.

Uniform, small-sized (100-200 nm), layered double hydroxides (LDH) were prepared by a conventional, wet chemistry method using different aging times of 1 and 3 days as an inorganic drug or gene delivery carrier. The samples prepared had a hexagonal thin, plate-like shape and TEM/SAD electron microscopy of LDH particles indicated that they were single crystals. In vivo testing of empty LDH administered to adult male Sprague Dawley rats was done to evaluate the possibility of using LDH as an injectable drug delivery vehicle.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Development of an intravenously injectable chemically stable aqueous omeprazole formulation using nanosuspension technology.

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor, which is used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, reflux esophagitis and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is a poorly soluble, chemically labile drug with a high degradation rate in aqueous media. The aim of this study was to show the feasibility of omeprazole stabilization using the DissoCubes technology and to find optimal production parameters for a stable, highly concentrated omeprazole nanosuspension. The high performance liquid chromatography analysis has proved the predominance of the nanosuspension produced by high pressure homogenization in comparison to an aqueous solution. Even 1 month after production no discoloration or drug loss was recognizable when the nanosuspension was produced at 0 degree C. As a result it can be stated that the production of nanosuspensions by high pressure homogenization is suitable for preventing degradation of labile drugs.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed2006

PEGylated lysine dendrimers for tumor-selective targeting after intravenous injection in tumor-bearing mice.

In this study, we synthesized a sixth generation lysine dendrimer (KG6) and two PEGylated derivatives thereof and evaluated their biodistribution characteristics in both normal and tumor-bearing mice. The intact KG6 showed a rapid clearance from the blood stream and non-specific accumulation in the liver and kidney. In contrast, the PEGylated derivatives showed a better retention in blood and low accumulativeness in organs dependent of the rate of PEGylation. In addition, PEGylated KG6 with a high modification rate was accumulated effectively in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Moreover, we clarified that multiple administrations did not affect the biodistribution characteristics of a second dose of PEGylated KG6. PEGylated lysine dendrimer would be a useful material for a clinically applicable tumor-targeting carrier.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of T2*-weighted magnitude and phase imaging for measuring the arterial input function in the rat aorta following intravenous injection of gadolinium contrast agent.

The arterial input function (AIF) is important for quantitative MR imaging perfusion experiments employing Gd contrast agents. This study compared the accuracy of T(2)*-weighted magnitude and phase imaging for noninvasive measurement of the AIF in the rat aorta. Twenty-eight in vivo experiments were performed involving simultaneous arterial blood sampling and MR imaging following Gd injection. In vitro experiments were also performed to confirm the in vivo results. At 1.89 T and TE=3 ms, the relationship between changes in 1/T(2)* in blood (estimated from MR signal magnitude) and Gd concentration ([Gd]) was measured to be approximately 19 s(-1) mM(-1), while that between phase and [Gd] was approximately 0.19 rad mM(-1). Both of these values are consistent with previously published results. The in vivo phase data had approximately half as much scatter with respect to [Gd] than the in vivo magnitude data (r(2)=.34 vs. r(2)=.17, respectively). This is likely due to the fact that the estimated change in 1/T(2)* is more sensitive than the phase to a variety of factors such as partial volume effects and T(1) weighting. Therefore, this study indicates that phase imaging may be a preferred method for measuring the AIF in the rat aorta compared to T(2)*-weighted magnitude imaging.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Disposition of perfluorobutane in rats after intravenous injection of Sonazoid.

The new ultrasound contrast agent Sonazoid was injected IV in rats at doses of 0.8 and 8 muL perfluorobutane (PFB)-containing microbubbles/kg body weight. Samples were obtained from blood, liver, spleen, fat, kidney, muscle, heart, lung and brain from both males and females and the PFB gas was analyzed using validated gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods. No differences were observed between genders or doses for any of the pharmacokinetic parameters. For all tissues, the highest concentrations were observed at the first time point (i.e., 5 min postinjection) (51% of injected dose in liver; total recovery of 69%). The highest concentrations of PFB in tissue were observed in spleen > liver > lung > kidney >> other tissues. At 24 h after dosing, the total amount of PFB remaining in the tissues was 1.9%. These data fit well with the finding that after a Sonazoid dose of 8 microL microbubbles/kg to male rats, more than 50% of the injected PFB was recovered in exhaled air by 20 min after dosing. During the first 24 h after administration, more than 96% of the PFB dose was recovered in exhaled air.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

In vivo transduction of hematopoietic stem cells after neonatal intravenous injection of an amphotropic retroviral vector in mice.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are important targets for gene therapy. Most protocols involve ex vivo modification, in which HSC are transduced in vitro and injected into the recipient. An in vivo delivery method might simplify HSC gene therapy. We previously demonstrated that iv injection of an amphotropic retroviral vector (RV) into newborn mice resulted in long-term expression from hepatocytes. The goal of this study was to determine if HSC were also transduced. After neonatal administration of 1 x 10(10) transducing units/kg of RV, peripheral blood cells had approximately 0.1 copy of RV per cell for up to 22 months. At 18 months, RV sequences were detected in T, B, and myeloid cells from bone marrow (BM). Unfractionated BM was transplanted into naive recipients after total body irradiation. Recipients maintained similar levels of the RV in their blood cells for 10 months, at which time RV sequences were present at the same integration site in all lineages of cells from BM. We conclude that neonatal iv injection of RV results in transduction of HSC in mice, which might be used for BM-directed gene therapy. Transduction of blood cells after liver-directed neonatal gene therapy might have adverse effects in patients, although no leukemias developed here.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of periprosthetic mitral regurgitation using intravenous injection of sonicated albumin.

Mechanical prostheses induce artifacts that decrease the accuracy of conventional transthoracic echocardiographic imaging for the detection and quantitation of periprosthetic mitral regurgitation. In 15 patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography, injection of sonicated albumin significantly enhanced the assessment of periprosthetic mitral regurgitation with an accuracy similar to that of transesophageal echocardiography.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Intravenous injection of naked plasmid DNA encoding hepatitis B virus (HBV) produces HBV and induces humoral immune response in mice.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly specific to primates. To cross the species barrier, we injected naked plasmid DNA containing a 1.5-fold-overlength genome of HBV into immunocompetent mice via the tail vein with acute circulatory overload. The injection resulted in production of viral transcripts specifically in the liver and expression of hepatitis B core protein in approximately 3% of the hepatocytes. HBV was secreted into the blood, evidenced by the presence of DNase I-resistant HBV sequence in fractionated serum at a density of 1.21g/ml. The HBV DNA positivity in the serum persisted for 1 week. Most mice became positive for hepatitis B surface antigen for 2 weeks and later seropositive for anti-hepatitis B surface antibody. This simple and efficient HBV replication system in mice could be useful for investigating whether viral mutations as well as host genetic background may affect viral replication and induction of immune response.

Animals↗