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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Ivermectin in goat plasma and milk after subcutaneous injection.

The pharmacokinetics and mammary excretion of ivermectin were determined in goats following a single sc administration (0.2 mg/kg). Kinetic analysis of plasma and milk levels was performed using a 1-compartment model. The maximum plasma concentration of 6.12 ng/ml occurred at 2.85 d; the half-life of 4.03 d was similar to the value in sheep (3.68 d). Ivermectin was detected in the milk at the first sampling time and thereafter for at least 25 d. Comparison of the milk and plasma data shows the parallel disposition of the drug in milk and plasma with a milk-plasma concentration ratio of 1.08 +/- 0.23. In conclusion, the persistence of the drug in plasma is reflected in the duration of the presence of ivermectin in milk.

Absorption↗
PubMed1996

Daily subcutaneous injection of low-dose interleukin 2 expands natural killer cells in vivo without significant toxicity.

We aimed to determine the toxicity and immunological effects of daily s.c. administered low-dose interleukin (IL) 2. Adult cancer patients received a single daily s.c. injection of IL-2 as outpatients for 90 consecutive days. Cohorts of four to nine patients were treated at escalating IL-2 dose levels until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotyping, IL-2 serum levels, and the presence of anti-IL-2 antibodies were investigated. Thirty-eight patients were treated at seven IL-2 dose levels ranging from 0.4 to 1.75 million International Units (mIU)/m2 daily. The MTD was 1.25 mIU/m2, with constitutional side effects, vomiting, and hyperglycemia dose limiting. Severe toxicity did not occur at or below the MTD, although mild local skin reaction and mild constitutional side effects were common. Objective tumor regressions were not observed during this Phase I trial. Low-dose IL-2 resulted in natural killer (NK) cell (CD3(-) CD56(+)) expansion at all dose levels. This effect was dose dependent (P < 0.01), ranging from a 154 to 530% increase over baseline. Peak NK levels were achieved at 6-8 weeks and sustained through 12 weeks of therapy. As predicted by in vitro studies of IL-2 receptor structure-activity relationships, the subset of NK cells that constitutively express high-affinity IL-2 receptors (CD3(-)CD56(bright+)) showed more profound dose-dependent expansion, with increases ranging from 368 to 2763% (P = 0.015). NK expansion occurred at peak IL-2 levels <10 pM (2.3 IU/ml). Three patients developed nonneutralizing anti-IL-2 antibodies. Thus, we concluded that selective expansion of NK cells may be achieved in vivo with daily s.c. injections of low-dose IL-2 with minimal toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Subarachnoid local anesthetic block does not affect morphine absorption from paired intramuscular and subcutaneous injection sites in the elderly patient.

Morphine absorption from subcutaneous and intramuscular injection sites is dependent on local skin and muscle blood flow. Normally, drug absorption from intramuscular and subcutaneous injections at the same anatomical site is comparable, but spinal anesthesia alters muscle and skin blood flow in the blocked area. This study measured morphine absorption from pairs of intramuscular and subcutaneous injection sites at vastus lateralis and deltoid following a single dose of morphine sulfate in the presence of spinal anesthesia. Differences between the maximum concentration achieved after injection (Cmax) and the time at which this occurred (Tmax) were not significant when absorption for each "same-site" pair of injections was compared, but Tmax after intramuscular injection at vastus lateralis was significantly longer than that observed following either intramuscular or subcutaneous injection at the deltoid (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Cmax/Tmax ratios and the area under concentration time curve (AUC) also were analyzed, but there were no statistically significant differences among any of the four groups.

Absorption↗
PubMed2006

The effect of subcutaneously injected nicotine on achilles tendon healing in rabbits.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcutaneously injected nicotine on transversely transected and sutured achilles tendon healing in an experimental rabbit model. Adult New Zealand rabbits (n=22) weighting 3,000-3,500 g were used in this experimental study. Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Achilles tendon was transversely incised and repaired in all animals. In the experiment group subcutaneous injection of Nicotine tartrate 3 mg/kg/day was done. In the control group Serum physiologic injection was done at the same dosage. The injections were made three times a day in equal dosages. Nicotine and SF injections were made until the end of the 8-week, and then all animals were euthanized. Both light microscopic and electron microscopic evaluations were made on 14 animals. In N group light microscopic evaluation showed a visible gap in repair site. The total tendon score represented in N group was less than in SF group. The statistical analysis of the groups was significantly different for total tendon scores (P=0.002). Beside this electron microscopic examination showed inactive and degenerated fibroblasts and irregular collagen fibrils around them as well as collagen synthesis interruption in N group. Biomechanical evaluation was made on eight animals. The average tensile strength values in Group N (139.47+/-44.55 N) were significantly lower than those in Group SF (265.9+/-39.01 N) (z=2.309, P=0.029). Nicotine is the major chemical component common to all cigarettes and previously has been shown to affect wound and fracture healing adversely. The results of this study show that nicotine impairs achilles tendon healing after a surgical repair.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed2003

Continuous subcutaneous injection reduces polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

The use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for recovery from neutropenia has been established; however, acute lung injury due to G-CSF-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) activation is a serious complication. This study was designed to compare the activation of PMN with single bolus administration and continuous administration of G-CSF. Healthy volunteers (age 33.8 +/- 1.4 yr; n = 6) received a single bolus injection of 50 microm/m2 of G-CSF (SI; n = 6) or continuous subcutaneous injection of 50 microm/m2 of G-CSF for 24 h (CI; n = 6) and were followed for 48 h. Circulating leukocyte counts, markers of activation on PMN, and circulating levels of G-CSF, IL-6, and PMN elastase were measured. SI rapidly increased serum G-CSF levels, which peaked at 4 h, whereas CI gradually increased G-CSF levels, which remained at a steady level from 8 to 24 h. SI caused a rapid decrease in PMN counts at 0.5 h followed by sustained increase to peak at 12 h. CI gradually increased PMN counts, which peaked at 24 h, but the peak values were not significantly different between the groups. SI-induced activation of PMN, which was characterized by increased expression of CD11b, decreased expression of L-selectin, and increased F-actin content, led to increases in serum IL-6 and PMN elastase level. Such changes were all attenuated with CI (P < 0.05). We conclude that continuous subcutaneous injection of G-CSF resulted in a marrow response similar to that to a single injection but yielded reduced PMN activation.

Actins↗
PubMed2001

The devastating outcome of massive subcutaneous injection of highly viscous fluids in male-to-female transsexuals.

Illicit subcutaneous injections of massive quantities of highly viscous fluids are still performed, often by unqualified persons. Fifteen male-to-female transsexuals consulted the authors regarding their devastating long-term outcomes after the injection of up to 8 liters of alleged silicone or mineral oil to feminize their bodies. After a latency period of up to 17 years, these injections led to complications ranging from scarring and deformity to infections. These patients were treated conservatively for inflammation and infection or surgically by resection of the oil-infested areas. In view of the potential dangers, feminization by the injection of high-viscosity fluids should be soundly condemned.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absorption and miscibility of regular porcine insulin after subcutaneous injection of insulin-treated diabetic patients.

The absorption and miscibility of subcutaneously injected 125I-regular porcine insulin was examined in 20 insulin-treated diabetic patients. The disappearance half-life (t1/2) was 2.1 +/- 0.8 h (SD) after injection of regular insulin (40 U/ml) and 2.3 +/- 0.7 h when mixed with porcine NPH insulin (NS). A significant inverse relation was demonstrated between insulin concentration and absorption, as t1/2 was 1.8 +/- 0.7 h (P less than 0.05) when using 20 U/ml. The interindividual coefficients of variation for absorption of regular insulin were 30.9-41.6% and independent of the presence of NPH insulin. The intrapatient variability, however, was much smaller, 14.5-23.6%.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

[A comparative study of human placenta hydrolysate (Laennec) by intravenous or subcutaneous injection on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in normal and CCl4-induced cirrhosis rats].

The effect of human placenta hydrolysate (Laennec) on residual liver regeneration after about 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in normal and CCl4-induced cirrhosis rats was examined. Both intravenous or subcutaneous injections of Laennec increased the regeneration rate of the residual liver after PH in normal rats. Intravenous injection of Laennec inhibited the decrease of liver total protein, and it decreased the level of serum transaminase (GOT, GPT). The regeneration rate of the residual liver after PH in CCl4-induced cirrhosis (CCl4-PH) rats increased by intravenous or subcutaneous injection of Laennec. Laennec also inhibited the increase of serum GOT caused by CCl4-PH. In the pathological examination of the regenerating liver, intravenous injection of Laennec minimized the pathological changes caused by PH or CCl4-PH such as vacuolation and necrosis in the hepatocytes. The enhancement of cytoplasma regeneration in hepatocytes was noticed by intravenous injection of Laennec, but that by subcutaneous Laennec was slight. Intravenous injection of Laennec also minimized the lipid deposition in liver caused by CCl4-PH. Laennec had no effect on the pseudolobule formation caused by CCl4. Thus, the effect of intravenous injection of Laennec on the liver regeneration in PH rats was much more potent than that by the subcutaneous injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effects of subcutaneous injections of sodium selenate on blood composition and milk yield in dairy cows.

Three groups of four lactating cows received a subcutaneous injection of 0 . 05, 0 . 10 and 0 . 15 mg Se/kg body weighty respectively administered as sodium selenate. A fourth group was injected with saline. In all the cows injected with sodium selenate, the concentration of Se in blood increased rapidly and was significantly higher than in control cows for two days in the group receiving the lowest dose and for 182 days (the duration of the experiment) in the two other groups. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in blood increased slowly in all cows injected with sodium selenate and was significantly greater than in control cows after 15, 22 and 29 days respectively, and remained significantly greater for 63, 91 and 182 days respectively. In a second experiment a single subcutaneous injection of 0 . 15 mg Se/kg body weight had no effect on the mean milk yield of 37 animals (19 . 1 kg/day) compared with the milk yield of a similar group of control animals (19 . 1 kg/day) during 70 days. The concentration of Se in milk was significantly higher on the first (168 microgram/litre) and second (69 microgram/litre) day after injection than in control animals (mean 26 microgram/litre).

Animals↗