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[Synanthropic flies (Diptera: Cyclorrapha) and their microhymenoptera parasitoids (Insecta: Hymenoptera) at Monte Mor poultry production system, São Paulo, Brazil].

A survey of synanthropic flies and their microhymenopteran parasitoids was conducted at the Capuavinha poultry farm, municipality of Monte Mor, State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1992. Bird manure samples were collected biweekly for examined and selected by the following methods: flotation in water, dissected pupae, and sentinel pupae. The species of flies more abundant were: Chrysomya putoria (Wiedeman) (41.2% - Calliphoridae), Muscidae: Muscina stabulans( Fallén) (27.3%), Musca domestica Linnaeus (23.9%), Fannia pusio (Stein) (5.3% - Fanniidae) e Sepsidae (2.3%). The pupal parasitoids were: Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Ashmead) (72.4% - Encyrtidae), Pteromalídeos: Spalangia gemina Boucek (9.2%), S. cameroni (Perkins) (7.3%), S. endius (Walker) (3.7%), Muscidifurax raptoroides (Kogan e Legner) (1.5%), Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (0.8%), Nasonia vitripennis Walker (0.06%). Trichopria sp. Nixon (Diapriídeo 5.5%) detected only in C. putoria pupae (t=-1,5269; P <0,1296). Some significant mean values were obtained for parasitoids in the collected hosts (t = 0.9540; Pr <0.0001), proportion of collected pupae and parasitoids with respect to the collecting site (F = 60.85; Pr <0.0001; F = 358.35; P <0.0001) and for the host species and parasitoid species (F = 2.58; Pr <0.0001; F = 9. 48; P <0.0001). The dissected host species was significant for proportion dissected pupae (F = 1.57; Pr <0.2053). These results concerning the insect fauna can be of help for an appropriate management of this poultry farm in terms of the control of synanthropic flies.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2006

Ultrastructure and transovarial transmission of endosymbiotic microorganisms in Palaeococcus fuscipennis (Burmeister) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccinea: Monophlebidae).

Ovaries ofPalaeococcus fuscipennis (Burmeister) are accompanied by large organs termed bacteriomes which are composed of large cells termed bacteriocytes. Each bacteriocyte is surrounded with small epithelial cells. The bacteriocyte cytoplasm is tightly packed with pleomorphic bacteria, whereas in epithelial cells small coccoid microorganisms are present. The number of coccoid bacteria is significantly lower than pleomorphic bacteria. The ovarioles containing choriogenic oocytes are invaded both by pleomorphic as well by coccoid bacteria. Microorganisms traverse the follicular epithelium and enter the perivitelline space. During advanced choriogenesis, endosymbionts are accumulated in the deep depression of the oocyte. Bacteria do not enter the ooplasm until the end of oocyte growth.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Common non-biting moth flies (Insecta, Diptera, Psychodidae) new to the fauna of Turkey.

Nine species of moth flies have been recorded for the first time from Turkey: These include Copropsychoda brevicornis (Tonnoir), Logima albipennis (Zetterstedt), L. satchelli (Quate), L. zetterstedti Jezek, Pscyha grisescens (Tonnoir), Psychoda uniformata Haseman, Psychomora trinodulosa (Tonnoir), Tinearia alternata (Say) and T. lativentris (Berden). Paramormia (Duckhousiella) ustulata (Walker) and Psychodocha cinerea (Banks) are mentioned in addition. All important data of visited localities are given, with a general characterization of the biotopes and the actual distribution was included. The fauna of non-phlebotomine moth flies of Turkey is now represented by 17 genera and 31 species.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

[Mallophaga (Insecta) species occurring on storks (Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus, 1758)].

This study was carried out in order to determine the presence of Mallophaga species on storks in Konya, Turkey. For this purpose, 15 storks were inspected for chewing lice in March 2003. The lice collected from the storks were preserved in a vial containing 70% alcohol. They were cleared in lactophenol for a few days and mounted on slides in the Faure-Forte medium. Thirteen storks were found to be infested with lice. In addition, one tick was found on a stork. A total of 1316 lice were collected from the storks. They were identified as Colpocephalum zebra, Neophilopterus incompletus, Ardeicola ciconiae and Ciconiphilus quadripustulatus. The tick was identified as a nymph of Hyalomma sp. This is the first time that C. zebra, N. incompletus, A. ciconiae and C. quadripustulatus have been reported from storks in Turkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

In vitro effect of nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist RH 5849 on fat body acid phosphatase activity in rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Insecta).

Nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist stimulates acid phosphatase activity in the fat body in vitro cultures obtained from ligated late-last instar larvae of Corcyra cephalonica. The agonist also stimulates general protein synthesis. This stimulation is both time as well as dose dependent (up to a dose of 1000 ng of the agonist). However, still higher concentrations (1500-4000 ng) tend to depress the degree of stimulation.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

Differential hormone regulation of acid DNase activity in the testes and fat body of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera-Insecta).

Acid DNase activity in the testes and fat body is high during the early larval instars which may be correlated with the extensive cell division seen in both the tissues during these stages. The increased enzyme activity, observed in the testes of the pupal stage, might be involved in the in vivo degradation of DNA in a large number of degenerating spermatocysts which occur during this stage. Total activity of acid DNase in the fat body is highest in pupal stage. Like acid phosphatase, this enzyme may also be involved in the process of remodelling of the fat body during metamorphosis. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) does not have any effect on acid DNase activity in the testes but it alters the enzyme activity in the fat body. Juvenile hormone-I (JH-I) has no effect on the enzyme activity in the fat body.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Fifteen new canestriniid mites (Acari, Astigmata, Canestriniidae) associated with beetles of the Colydiidae and Cetoniinae (Scarabaeidae) (Insecta, Coleoptera).

Two canestriniid genera: Tamarangia, Kahoorangia and the following species are newly described: Sandrophela dittae from Colydium sp., Borneo, Tamarangia nimfae from Pachnoda thoracica, Etiopia, T. fabiolae and T. flawiani from P. marginata, Sierra Leone, Kahoorangia almae from P. carmelita, South Africa, Paraphagella ingridae and Cetonicola orestesi from Tmesorrhina iris, Liberia, P. indirae, Cetonicola isadorae and Boetophela erhardi from Chelarrhina savagei, Cameroon, P. odae and C. maritae from Stephanorrhina guttata, Congo-Brazzaville, Boetophela sybillae from Goliathus alborignatus, Tanzania, B. symeoni from Elasocheilon heterospila, B. silvanae from Geynodonta laeviplaga, Tanzania.

Africa↗
PubMed1991

Canestriniid mites (Acari, Astigmata, Canestriniidae) occurring on Chrysomelidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) in neotropical region. I. Genera Grandiellina Fain, Arrunsithiana n. gen.

Genus Arrunsithiana and nine species are described as new: Grandiellina tacjannae from Brazil, Argentina, G. rogeri from Peru, G. longini from Bolivia, G. marinae from Mexico, G. soniae from Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, Arrunsithiana artemoni from Ecuador, A. erinnae from Ecuador, A. ilosi from Colombia, A. battosi from Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador. Redescription of the genus Grandiellina Fain is given.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mites (Acari) occurring on Geotrupes vernalis (L., 1758) (Insecta, Scarabaeidae) in Poland.

5078 mites belonging to ca. 13 species were collected from 165 specimens of G. vernalis. The most common are: Caloglyphus geotruporum, Neopodocinum meridionalis and Macrocheles glaber. Pelethiphis equestris is a new one for Polish fauna. A lot of new localities for rare or known as rare species (N. meridionalis, Parasitus coleoptratorum, P. copridis) was given.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical characterization of a widely spread Arg8-vasopressin-like neuroendocrine system in the cricket Teleogryllus commodus Walker (Orthoptera, Insecta).

Two distinct neurons located paramedially within the suboesophageal ganglion of female Australian crickets Teleogryllus commodus were shown to contain Arg8-vasopressin-like immunoreactivity. Immunostained processes project throughout the ganglion. They pass the circumoesophageal connectives, and finally they branch out and enter the neurohemal region of the deuterocerebrum. By means of radioimmunoassay in homogenized cricket brains and suboesophageal ganglia evidence could be found for the presence of a neurohypophyseal-peptide-like substance. Immunofluorescence findings indicate that immunoreactive axonal tracts extend backwards through the ventral nerve cord to the terminal ganglion. Numerous beaded axons with specific immunostaining were also detected within the lateral nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Different pathways of DNA synthesis are operative in the fat body of Spodoptera litura (insecta) during larval and pupal development.

In Spodoptera litura, the DNA content of the fat body increases during the last larval instar. Radiolabelling studies reveal high degree of H3-thymidine incorporation in the fat cell DNA, during last larval stage of development. At prepupal stage the DNA synthesised during larval development is degraded, at least partially and the resultant nucleotides are most likely used as building blocks for the fat cell DNA synthesis during pupal development and pupal-adult metamorphosis, because very little H3 -thymidine injected into pupae is incorporated in DNA, though in fact, significant amount of DNA is synthesised during this period.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A preliminary key to the common calliphorid flies of peninsular Malaysia (Insecta: Diptera).

A key to the common Calliphorid flies of Peninsular Malaysia is presented. Illustrations of the genitalia of some rare species, list of new localities, altitudes and other ecological data are also presented. The following species were recorded for the first time from Peninsular Malaysia; Catapicephala sinica, C. kurahashii, Taninanina javanica, Hemipyrellia tagaliana, Lucilia sinensis, Blaesoxipha kasterni, Boettcherisca javanica, Parasarcophaga misera, P. orchidea, P. albicephs, Sarcosolomonia crinita, Thyrsocnema bornensis, Sarcorohdendorfia antilope and Lioproctia pattoni.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Biochemical manifestations of the poisoning of larvae of Aedes aegypti (Insecta, Diptera) by the delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. I. Hemolymph carbohydrates].

The glycemia of 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera Culicidae) was determined over a 30 min to 36 hrs period following their immersion in water containing 0.00-0.01-0.02-0.1-1.0 mg per liter of a 12,000 I. U. per mg preparation of the delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. Seven major carbohydrate fractions were separated in the haemolymph, among which glycogen, trehalose and glucose were identified; the most concentrated of the 4 remaining unknown fractions, exhibits a similar chromatographic behavior but different chemical properties than glucuronic acid. The glycogen fraction shows two large amplitude peaks at 1 hr 30 and 6 hrs with 0.1 mg/l, whereas with the 2 lower doses (0.01 and 0.02 mg/l) a first drop from 30 min to 1 hr is followed by a peaking at 12 hrs. The haemolymph trehalose concentrations of intoxicated larvae increase relatively to controls 2 hrs after incubation with the lower dose; by contrast, they decrease with the 2 higher doses. The glucosemia increases in all cases, but more markedly with the higher dose as soon as 1 hr following the treatment. A positive correlation was found over the whole treatment duration between the glucosemia nd the trehalosemia of control larvae. The regression slope of this relationship decreases with increasing toxin doses and turns to negative values with 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l. These observations suggest the hypothesis that a uncontrolled increase of trehalase activity develops according to the increasing stages of intoxication. This clearly differenciates the effects of the B. T. i toxin from those of parasites, such as Fungi, Sporozoans or Nematodes in Mosquitoes.

Aedes↗