SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Multiple Partners”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

What do you get when you fall in love?: Warehouse Youth Health Centre chlamydia audit.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the chlamydia audit was to determine the rate of positive diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis in young people aged 12 to 25 years of age who were tested at the Warehouse Youth Health Centre, Sydney, Australia, in 2001 and to review current practice relating to chlamydia testing. DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of clients identified through the pathology register as having a chlamydia test during 2001 from 1 January to 31 December 2001. The data were descriptively analysed. SETTING: The Warehouse Youth Health Centre, an FPA (Family Planning Australia) Health service which targets young people in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. RESULTS: Chlamydia tests were performed on 194 clients at the Warehouse Youth Health Centre in 2001. Tests were performed on 179 (92.3%) female and 15 (7.7%) male clients. The overall positivity rate was 8.8% (17/194). Of the positive chlamydia tests 82.4% (14/17) were female clients and 17.6% (3/17) were male clients. The most common reasons for the clinician or client requesting the chlamydia tests were because the client was symptomatic, had unprotected sexual intercourse or had multiple partners. CONCLUSION: The major recommendation from this audit is for chlamydia screening for all sexually active young people under the age of 25 years.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in teenage sexually active girls].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of C.trachomatis and HPV infections in teenage, sexually active girls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 48 non-pregnant, sexually active young women (between 16-19 years of age), who submitted for periodical check-up during oral contraceptive use. Patients had periodical mild pain in the lower abdominal area and increased amount of mucigenous secretion. They had their first sexual intercourse before 16 years of age, multiple partners (>3), unprotected intercourse. The direct immunofluorescence (DIF) was used for C. trachomatis antigen detection (Chlamydia Direct IF (bioMérieux, France). DNA HPV presence and oncogenic potential was assessed using hybridization method (Hybrid Capture I HPV Assay, Digene Corp. Beltsville, MD U.S.A.). RESULTS: C. trachomatis antigen was detected in 13 aut of 48 swabs (27%), presence of HPV DNA was detected in 2 teenage girls with normal cytology (4.2%). In cytological evaluation LSIL (low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) was described in 5 cases. In 4 of them along with LSIL coexisted C. trachomatis infection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Epidemiology of hepatitis C infection and its public health implications in Puerto Rico.

Hepatitis C infection is the most common chronic blood-borne pathogen in the United States associated with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is the leading reason for liver transplantation. It has been estimated that hepatitis C infection may lead to a substantial health and economic burden over the next 10 to 20 years. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection varies worldwide, with an estimated overall prevalence of 3%. However, the only available data of hepatitis C in the general population of Puerto Rico suggest an elevated prevalence of hepatitis C infection in the municipality of San Juan (6.3%) in comparison with estimates for the adult population residing in the United States (0.9%-3.9%). Much of the inter-region variability in the prevalence of hepatitis C can be attributable to the frequency and extent to which different risk factors have contributed to the transmission of the virus. Established risk factors for infection include injection drug use, transfusion of blood and solid organ transplantation from infected donors prior to July 1992 and blood clotting products before 1987, occupational injury, vertical transmission, sex with an HCV infected partner, and multiple sexual partners. Other potential exposures for infection that have been investigated in epidemiologic studies include history of intranasal cocaine use, sharing of contaminated equipment and personal care items, tattooing, body piercing, imprisonment, acupuncture, and use of contaminated healthcare instruments. The high incidence of AIDS in Puerto Rico and the large prevalence observed in Puerto Rican inmates and in adults residing in the municipality of San Juan indicate that HCV infection is an emerging public health concern. From a public health perspective, potential targets for intervention to decrease the spread of HCV infection, ongoing surveillance, increased clinician awareness of disease reporting systems and the epidemiology and management of hepatitis C, availability of diagnosis and treatment facilities, and recognition of the need for local resources will be of paramount importance to face this silent infection in Puerto Rico.

Hepatitis C↗

PubMed2006

Risky sexual behaviors of adolescents in rural Malawi: evidence from focus groups.

Little is known about rural Malawian adolescents' perceptions of their sexual behavior and what would constitute an effective HIV risk-reduction program. This study explored the perceptions of Malawain adolescents using qualitative description research with focus groups. A purposive sample of 144 adolescents, ranging from 10 to 19 years of age was obtained. Subjects were then placed in focus groups separated by gender Qualitative content analysis revealed that adolescents were at risk for HIV based on the select behaviors These included early sexual debut, multiple partners, non-use of condoms and among girls older partners These adolescents acknowledged peer pressure and lack of parental supervision as factors that perpetuated these behaviors and identified two components of HIV prevention programs. For example, parental involvement and support for sexual abstinence were among the issues discussed. It is essential that HIV risk-reduction programs create ways of involving parents and of enhancing adolescents' HIV risk-reduction skills by helping them to change peer norms and to develop negotiation and assertiveness skills to in order to resist peer pressure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Anonymous and free-of-charge detection of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 20-months' experience at a center].

The results of 20 months' activity of the anonymous and free-of-charge detection centre of the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital group, Paris, concerning human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) are presented. During that period, 3,480 persons consulted and 3,332 anonymous questionnaires were filled and returned: 20.5 percent of the subjects were homosexuals, 6.5 percent were drug-addicts and 73 percent were non drug-addict heterosexuals; 31 percent used condoms. A total of 3,398 blood samples were collected; 232 sera were positive or undetermined for HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 by the ELISA method; 132 Western Blot tests confirmed the positivity for HIV-1 but not for HIV-2. The overall serum positivity was 4 percent; 18.3 percent of drug-addicts, 9.5 percent of homosexuals and 0.9 percent of heterosexuals were HIV positive. Among seropositive subjects, 51 percent were homosexuals, 27 percent were drug-addicts, 4 percent were homosexual drug-addicts and 18 percent were heterosexuals (43 percent of these had had multiple partners); condoms were used by 59 percent of HIV positive subjects. The percentage of HIV positive subjects in our series was lower than that estimated in populations at risk (drug-addicts 50 percent, homosexuals 32 percent); it was similar to the percentages found in other detection centres (5 to 6 percent). Most seropositive patients belong to the category of persons who are the first to be struck by HIV. The heterosexual population is relatively spared, but most of the recent seroconversions have occurred in this group.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1990

[Epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in the pregnant woman].

With 6,409 cases of AIDS recorded as at 31st March 1989, 130 of which were due to mother-to-foetus transmission, France is the European country most affected with HIV1 infection. From the results of a recent survey involving 40 p. 100 of all women who gave birth in continental France, the authors estimate that 0.05 p. 100 to 0.1 p. 100 of women delivered in 1988 were seropositive. HIV1 seroprevalence is about twice that figure in women at the beginning of pregnancy, since more than one-half of mothers who know they are seropositive choose to have their pregnancy interrupted. Investigations concerning the geographical origin and mode of contamination of seropositive women followed up in France showed that: (a) HIV1 infection is frequent in women who came from Zaire, Congo and the Ivory Coast and rare in women from Mali and Senegal. There was a similar contrast between women from Haiti and those from the French Antilles; (b) drug abuse plays a major role in the other seropositive women: 70 p. 100 were drug addict and 15 p. 100 had been contaminated by male drug addicts. Heterosexual contamination by multiple partners not classified as being at risk is exceptional, but it seems to be the rule in seropositive women from central Africa and Haiti. The authors emphasize the value, methods and indispensable extension of HIV1 seroepidemiological studies in pregnant women.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1990

Sex, drugs, and HIV infection in a New York City hospital outpatient population.

Persons attending outpatient clinics at Bellevue Hospital Center in Manhattan, New York City were invited to be tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In pretest counseling, males were asked if they had injected nonprescription drugs or engaged in sex with other men since January 1, 1977; if so, they were asked not to participate and were referred elsewhere for testing. Face-to-face interviews and HIV testing were completed for 1,119 subjects with no prior indication of HIV seropositivity. Willingness to participate in the study was significantly greater among women than men and among younger than older persons. After exclusion of two subjects with indeterminate HIV serology, seroprevalence was 6.3% (70/1,117) overall, 7.1% (26/368) among men, and 5.9% (44/749) among women. HIV seropositivity among female i.v. drug users was 37% (27/74). Among heterosexuals without other HIV risk factors, estimated seroprevalences were 2.7% (25/924) overall, 3.3% (10/305) among males, and 2.4% (15/619) among females. Among heterosexual men, the data suggested associations of HIV seropositivity with sex with prostitutes and sex with numerous partners. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that significant predictors of HIV infection among women were a history of sexual contact with a male intravenous drug user, recent last use of intravenous drugs, and long duration of residence in New York City. Sexual intercourse with persons from AIDS risk groups was reported by 11% of men and 18% of women. The modal method of birth control reported by both men and women was "no method".

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Perspectives on gastrointestinal infections in AIDS.

Gastrointestinal illnesses are among the most common and debilitating complication of infections with HIV, affecting 50 per cent to almost 100 per cent of AIDS patients in developed and developing countries, respectively. A number of factors including relevant modes of transmission, the environment, and immunosuppression conspire to determine which enteric infectious agents HIV-infected persons acquire. In developed countries, transmission of a diverse spectrum of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa is facilitated by unprotected receptive anal intercourse and anal-lingual contact among homosexual men with multiple partners. In developing countries, where most HIV infections occur among heterosexual persons, waterborne and foodborne transmission are the principal modes of transmission of enteric organisms. The severity and duration of symptoms associated with enteric pathogens are determined by the host's immunologic response to the organism. Candida albicans often causes local mucosal disease but less often causes systemic infections in HIV-infected persons, likely because polymorphonuclear cell function is intact. The ability of AIDS patients to control infections with G. lamblia and C. jejuni is related to their ability to mount an antibody response to these organisms during infection. The virulence of the organism may also affect the clinical response to infection. Cryptosporidium causes diarrheal symptoms in both immunocompetent and AIDS patients, but illness is more severe and prolonged in the latter. Giardia lamblia and C. jejuni infections are associated with a range of clinical manifestations in both AIDS patients and HIV-seronegative persons, whereas CMV and possibly adenovirus appear to cause significant disease only among immunocompromised subjects. The availability of effective therapy is among the most decisive factors in determining the duration of enteric infections in AIDS patients. For example, Giardia lamblia may cause acute abdominal pain and diarrhea in HIV-infected subjects but prolonged infections with the parasite are uncommon because effective therapy is available. In contrast, infections with CMV and Cryptosporidium may be severe and chronic as available therapy is generally ineffective or only transiently effective. Awareness of these clinical, epidemiologic, immunologic, and therapeutic aspects of gastrointestinal illness in HIV-infected subjects should help to direct the diagnostic evaluation of these patients and to direct areas of research.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Central Africa: 6 years' experience at a hospital in an endemic area].

In Bangui (Central African Republic), where seroprevalence of HIV is 11% in the adult population, AIDS presents some clinical aspects different from the ones known in the west; the clinical experience reported in this paper is based on 504 cases infested by HIV group 4; diagnosis is very often made thanks to the clinical score recommended by World Health Organization (predictive value of 66%). Predominant manifestations (14%) are: asthenia (100%), emaciation (100%), fever (88%), diarrhea (42%), pulmonary attacks (37%), adenopathies, cutaneous manifestations (35%), neurological manifestations (14%). Some affections call for HIV infection with a significant predictive value: herpes zoster (96%), Kaposi's symptom (68%), mouth candidiasis (71%), pulmonary tuberculosis (56%: as far as some others are concerned, HIV has to be suspected: infant denutrition, acute infections, neurological disorders. Development is severe: 45% of the patients examined died in the 4 months coming after diagnosis. Epidemiology speaking, they are young patients (mean age 27.4 years), neither addicted nor "doped", heterosexual with multiple partners, with female prostitution occasionally; sex ratio is 0.95. Recognized transmission by transfusion is the exception (2/504). The transmission due to vaccination or injection is rare and difficult to evaluate. Only radical alteration of sexual behaviour will modify HIV dissemination.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and developmental aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Congo (the experience of the medical service of the Hôpital Central des Armées Pierre Mobengo - Brazzaville)].

During a period of 20 months, 204 cases of AIDS were diagnosed among adults in the Medicine Department of the Pierre Mobengo Armed Forces Central Hospital, Brazzaville. The authors review the clinical and evolutive aspects in admitted patients during these period of time, taking into consideration the problems of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, according to the conditions of practice. Individuality of AIDS in Central Africa is underlined by its different features. AIDS strikes heterosexual people with multiple partners, with a sex-ratio near to 1. In a patient more often cachectic and febrile, some digestive manifestations occurred, mainly diarrheal, early, neurological, of bad prognosis. Pulmonary manifestations (above all tuberculosis superinfection) and cutaneous manifestations often characteristic, are less frequent and mainly different from the ones observed in Europe and North America. Fast evolution is underlined. These characteristics of AIDS in Central Africa, of course subordinate to the medical context, seem mainly linked to a peculiarity of the disease, in close relationship with the density of the infection, diathesis and opportunistic environment, all very different.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the work conducted by the Madagascar Pasteur Institute in the study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity in that country].

Since late 1985, the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar has studied the problem of the distribution of HIV in the island. With the approval and cooperation of the Malagasy Ministry of Health, a number of different surveys have been undertaken, particularly of those sections of the population diagnosed as being of "high-risk". In 1987, a Malagasy prostitute from the country's second largest port was identified as seropositive. One case of clinical AIDS was diagnosed in 1988 in a Franco-Malagasy subject living in NOSY BE. Systematic tests for seropositivity among women with multiple partners in nine "high-risk" areas of the country are applied. The aim of this survey during 1988 is to make such groups aware of the vital necessity of overcoming the problem by preventing its growth by taking appropriate measures. The IPM has obtained government approval and has established the facilities to confirm findings of seropositivity among the population of Madagascar.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMed1988

The prevalence of positive test results for Chlamydia trachomatis by direct smear for fluorescent antibodies in a south Texas family planning population.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a major human genital pathogen implicated as a leading cause of involuntary infertility in women. To assess the prevalence of results positive for C trachomatis by a direct immunofluorescent test in a family planning population, mass screening of all patients attending five urban family planning clinics was conducted for a two-month period. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of positive C trachomatis test results in this population and to evaluate the commonly accepted demographic/behavioral risk factors reported in previous studies. A total of 2,761 subjects were tested using the MicroTrak collection kit. The subjects ranged in age from 12 to 69 years. The overall rate of positive test results was 10.5%. Significant associations between C trachomatis test results and the following variables were observed: race/ethnicity, age, marital status, existence of multiple partners and positive gonorrhea tests. Chlamydial infection was not significantly associated with income, pregnancy, current contraceptive method or age at first intercourse. While the results of the study indicated both agreement and disagreement with other clinical investigations, the fact that 10.5% of a largely asymptomatic population exhibited chlamydial infection has major implications for the management of women's reproductive health care.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Chlamydia trachomatis infection at a family planning clinic.

Endocervical samples were taken for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis from 500 consecutive patients attending a family planning clinic. The Microtrak direct specimen immunofluorescence test was used. Swabs from 79 patients (15.8%) were positive for chlamydia. Seventy-one (95%) of these patients were symptom free, and 39.8% were under 20 years old. Twenty-one patients were pregnant, seven (33%) had chlamydia. Those positive for chlamydia had twice the frequency of abnormal smears and other sexually transmitted infections as those who were negative. Contraceptive use was similar except that intrauterine devices were used less frequently by patients with chlamydia infection. This report indicates the frequent occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in New Zealand and that newly developed methods of diagnosis enable us to identify and treat those with this infection. Characteristically these patients are under 20, have multiple partners and a high incidence of abnormal smears and other sexually transmitted infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Intravenous drug abusers and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Demographic, drug use, and needle-sharing patterns.

We studied the demographic characteristics, drug use patterns, and sexual habits of intravenous (IV) drug abusers to further define this population at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Sixteen IV drug abuser patients with AIDS, 24 IV drug abuser patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 14 IV drug abuser controls without evidence of AIDS or ARC were evaluated. The subjects in each group were similar demographically, in drug use practice, and in sexual orientation and experience. Of the AIDS and ARC patients, 34 (88%) of 40, including all seven homosexual men, shared needles, as did all drug abusers without AIDS or ARC. Seventy-four percent of patients, including all homosexual men, attended "shooting galleries," where anonymous multiple-partner needle sharing took place. Needle sharing supports the hypothesis of AIDS transmission by a blood-borne route, can explain the spread of AIDS and the high rate of seropositivity to the putative AIDS agent among IV drug abusers, and is a logical link between IV drug abusers and male homosexuals, the two largest groups with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1984

Chlamydia trachomatis isolation in a symptomatic university student population.

In a study of 638 women attending a University Student Health Service outpatient gynecologic clinic, their symptoms were either lower genital tract infection or a history of suspected exposure to sexually transmitted diseases. Forty-two (6.6%) harbored Chlamydia trachomatis, four (0.8%) Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and one (0.2%) both of these organisms. Chlamydia-positive patients were more likely to be using a contraceptive method, have multiple partners, and have partners with symptoms of urethritis (P = .05). The Chlamydia-positive patients were no more likely to have increased or abnormal vaginal discharge than were controls. Of the women harboring Chlamydia trachomatis, only one of 36 (3%) of those who were available for follow-up at one to eight weeks posttreatment was still infected with the organism.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Immunological characterization of homosexual males.

To help clarify the nature and pathogenesis of the syndrome of severely opportunistic infection associated with immune deficiency in young homosexual males, we investigated the immunological characteristics of a group of 33 young homosexual men. These young men all had the prodrome to the syndrome which included a history of multiple sexual partners and multiple sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, they all had a past history of mild to moderate viral, bacterial, parasitic, or fungal infections and had used recreational drugs. Within this group of patients, there were five men who had Kaposi's sarcoma. Compared to the 21 normal heterosexual individuals, the homosexual men were found to be anergic to a battery of recall antigens (52% versus 19%); to be hyporesponsive to mitogen stimulation (pokeweed, 30.7 x 10(-3) versus 65.3 x 10(-3) cpm, p less than or equal to 0.005; concanavalin A, 32.2 x 10(-3) versus 60.1 x 10(-3) cpm, p less than or equal to 0.006); and to have lower helper T-cells (18% versus 34.6%, p less than or equal to 0.01), inverted helper:suppressor T-cell ratios (0.85 versus 1.92, p less than or equal to 0.01), and an elevated serum thymosin alpha 1 level (1473 versus 524 pg/ml, p less than or equal to 0.001). These data suggest that the immunological defect precedes the syndrome. The mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear; however, the repeated viral infection combined with drug usage may be responsible. The five patients with Kaposi's sarcoma were compared as a group to the other patients without cancer and found to be more severely immunodeficient. This suggests that the immune suppression by the malignant disease is superimposed on the preexisting deficiency.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Female adolescent contraception.

Numerous clinical challenges confront care providers in caring for adolescents regarding contraception and sexual health issues. Strong communication skills are an integral factor in dealing with the sexually active teen. The most common contraceptive options for adolescents include Norplant, Depo-Provera, oral contraception, and condoms. Providing contraceptive care for adolescents requires knowledge of these methods, including the new FDA guidelines that standardize instructions for oral contraceptive use. Nursing responsibilities include counseling the adolescent regarding the risks of sexual activity with multiple partners, exposure to HIV, STDS, and the correct use of condoms. Educational efforts should focus on improving adolescent communication skills and encouraging discussion by sexual partners about the issue of condom use.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of HIV-risk behaviors and demographics of adolescents tested or not tested for HIV infection.

In a survey of 2,548 adolescents, 11.5 percent reported ever having had the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test. Those who had been tested were significantly more likely to be male, black, and to reside in metropolitan areas than those who had not been tested. Tested adolescents were more than three times as likely to report having injected drugs and were more than twice as likely to have had sexual intercourse, had sexual intercourse at earlier ages, and with multiple partners. More than half of adolescents who had been HIV-tested had no reported risks for HIV infection. More than one-quarter of adolescents not tested reported at least one HIV risk factor. These data suggest the importance of discussing the HIV testing and counseling process within any HIV education program directed to adolescents.

Adolescent↗