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PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of stiff-knee gait in cerebral palsy: a comparison by gait analysis of distal rectus femoris transfer versus proximal rectus release.

Two groups of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) were studied pre- and postoperatively by gait analysis after proximal release or distal transfer of the rectus femoris for treatment of knee stiffness in swing phase. In the first group studied, 12 patients underwent proximal rectus femoris muscle release. In the second group, 10 patients underwent distal rectus femoris transfer. After surgery, peak knee flexion was increased 9.1 degrees in swing phase by proximal rectus release and 16.2 degrees by distal rectus transfer. Hip motion throughout the gait cycle was not significantly affected by either operation, and no tendency for a crouch gait was observed after either procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Neuro-orthopedic problems in the area of the elbow joint].

Neuromuscular impairment of elbow function directly affects the activities of daily living as well as the ability to work in many patients. A series of typical pathophysiological syndromes occur in the region of the elbow as immediate or late results of local trauma or more distant injuries to the brain, cervical cord, cervicobrachial plexus, or peripheral nerves. The operative management is determined by the pathophysiology of the lesions and the anatomical relationship between the muscles and the neurovascular structures at the elbow. These syndromes and their treatment are reviewed.

Elbow Joint↗
PubMed1987

Assessment and management of the lower extremity in cerebral palsy.

For all lower extremity problems in children with cerebral palsy, early attention to overactive spastic muscle groups can aid in preventing bony deformities under most situations. More severely involved children need more aggressive treatment, with early soft tissue procedures to attempt balance of muscle groups surrounding joints. Early aggressive management of soft tissue problems can avoid long-term bony deformity and more severe posturing problems in the lower extremities of children with cerebral palsy.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Bobath concept].

This article presents the neurophysiological basis and principles of treatment according to the Bobath concept, which requires great, combined effort between therapists and patients. It is a concept that is difficult to acquire because it requires a thorough knowledge and deep understanding of each patient's individual problem. The theory is based on two important considerations, those of inhibition and facilitation. As a 24-hour concept, its basic principles should be known to all members of the team. Although compromises have to be made consistently on both sides, the basic principles should be applied to every patient. These are based on the view that abilities should be trained according to motor development in childhood. Therefore the patient with a CNS lesion will have the opportunity to regain as much intact body control as possible and to maintain it. He/she also should be able to achieve as much intact neuropsychological processing of perception as is possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Delayed onset muscle soreness and training.

The perception of muscle soreness is probably due to the activation of free nerve endings around muscle fibers. These nerve endings serve as receptors of noxious stimuli associated with muscle damage. Modulation of soreness may take place at the peripheral receptor sites or at a central or spinal level. This multilevel modulation may explain the large intersubject variation in the perception of muscle soreness. The type of exercise that produces the greatest degree of soreness is eccentric exercise, although isometric exercise may also result in soreness. Eccentric exercise has been shown to produce muscle cellular damage and decrements in motor performance as well. Although training is considered to prevent muscle soreness, even trained individuals will become sore following a novel or unaccustomed exercise bout. Thus, training is specific to the type of exercise performed. Our laboratories have shown that the performance of a single exercise bout will have an effect on a subsequent similar bout given up to 6 weeks later. Thus, when a second bout of downhill running was given to subjects 6 weeks after the first bout, with no intervening exercise, less soreness developed, and muscle damage was estimated to be reduced. The explanation for this long-lasting prophylactic or "training effect" is currently under investigation in our laboratories.

Animals↗